Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) has been reported to comprise 25% of lung cancer cases. NEC is classified as typical carcinoid, atypical carcinoid, large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and small-cell lung cancer. Carcinoid tumors are less aggressive and surgery is the mainstay of treatment; however, patients with metastatic or inoperable disease need systemic therapy to control carcinoid symptoms and improve survival. Somatostain analogues, targeted agents including everolimus, sunitinib, bevacizumab, and conventional chemotherapy have emerged as treatment options for such patients. Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma exhibits more aggressive behavior and has a poorer prognosis than carcinoid tumors. No standard adjuvant and palliative chemotherapeutic agents have yet been established. This review sets out the treatment options for neuroendocrine tumors.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Carcinoid Tumor ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine* ; Drug Therapy* ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lung* ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; Prognosis ; Bevacizumab ; Everolimus

The paraneoplastic nephrotic syndrome can be diagnosed by clinical and immunologic features. We have had a case of paraneoplastic nephrotic syndrome in the patients with aadeno-carcinoma of the lung, whose diagnosis was made by excluding other causes of nephrotic syndrome. The type of renal lesion was membranous glomerulopathy which commonly occurs in carcinoma. The quantity of proteinuria in this patient had decreased according to the improvement of lung cancer with combination chemotherapy. After fourth chemotherapy he was refractory to treatment, and unfortunately he had passed away with cardiac tamponade.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Cardiac Tamponade ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranous* ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lung* ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Paraneoplastic Syndromes ; Proteinuria

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement, is a kind of driver mutation, accounts for 3%-5% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC patients harboring ALK fusion genes have distinct clinical features and good response to ALK inhibitors. Metastasis from lung cancer to the ovary has rarely been known. We report a case of a 54-year-old woman with bilateral ovarian metastases from ALK rearranged NSCLC. She underwent bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for ovary masses, which were progressed after cytotoxic chemotherapy although primary lung mass was decreased. Histopathological examination of the ovary tumor showed characteristic adenocarcinoma patterns of the lung and ALK rearrangement.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lymphoma ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Ovary ; Phosphotransferases

BACKGROUND: No ideal combination chemotherapy for lung cancer has been established even though lots of combination anticancer chemotherapies have been tried. For the combination of anticancer drugs, the interaction of anticancer drugs is very important but unpredictable factor. In this experiments we designed and tested new experiment to measure the interaction of two anticancer drugs using MTT assay in an attempt to predict clinical response of the combination regimen. METHODS: With human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (PC-14), the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin adriamycin mitomycin C and etoposide were measured by in Vitro chemosensitivity test (MTT assay). The combined cytotexic effects of combination of two drugs were also measured in every combination of the drug concentrations and analyzed the interaction by Anova analysis of two way factorial design. RESULTS: Four individual drugs showed cytotoxic effects on PC-14 by dose dependent fashion Comparison of two drug combinations revealed that mitomycin C + cisplatin and adriamycin + cisplatin combinations showed stronger synergistic cytotoxic effects. CONCLUSION: From this experiments we suggest two combinations of mitomycin C + cisplatin and adriamycin + cisplatin as chemotherapeutic regimens for unresectable non-small cell lung cancer. Furthermore, this experimental deign could be applied b other types of cancer requiring combination anticancer chemotherapy.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Cell Line* ; Cisplatin ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Etoposide ; Humans* ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lung* ; Mitomycin

The aim of our study was to describe the radiologic findings of extensive acute lung injury associated with limited thoracic irradiation. Limited thoracic irradiation occasionally results in acute lung injury. In this condition, chest radiograph shows diffuse ground-glass appearance in both lungs and thin-section CT scans show diffuse bilateral ground-glass attenuation with traction bronchiectasis, interlobular septal thickening and intralobular smooth linear opacities.
Acute Disease ; Adenocarcinoma/radiotherapy ; Adenocarcinoma/pathology ; Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy ; Adenocarcinoma/complications* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/radiotherapy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications* ; Journal Article ; Human ; Lung/radiation effects* ; Lung/pathology ; Lung Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Lung Neoplasms/complications* ; Male ; Middle Age ; Radiation Injuries/radiography ; Radiation Injuries/pathology ; Radiation Injuries/etiology* ; Thorax/radiation effects

PURPOSE: To report a metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma in the left upper eyelid. CASE SUMMARY: A 73-year-old male presented to our clinic with a palpable mass in his left upper eyelid that had appeared 10 days prior. The patient had a history of colon cancer that was diagnosed 2 years previously with liver and lung metastases, and he had underwent colon resection followed by chemotherapy. A 10.7 x 14.7 x 9.0 mm mass was observed on orbital computed tomography and a biopsy confirmed that the mass was a metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma. Because radical resection of the mass could not be performed, a debulking surgery was performed instead. The patient was followed up while receiving conservative treatment, but he died 3 weeks after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Metastatic tumors in the eyelids are very rare and colonic adenocarcinoma metastases in the eyelids are even less common. Thus, a biopsy examination and appropriate treatment should be administered to patients with a history of malignancy who present with an eyelid mass.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Aged ; Biopsy ; Colon* ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Drug Therapy ; Eyelids* ; Humans ; Liver ; Lung ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Orbit

Trophoblastic differentiation in gynecologic nontrophoblastic tumor is very rare. Here we present a 66-year-old female with poorly differentiated endometrial carcinoma showing trophoblast-like differentiation. This tumor was in advanced stage with metastases to lung, liver, and bone at diagnosis. The multinucleated, syncytiotrophoblast-like cells were positive for beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) by immunochemical stain. The level of beta-hCG was also elevated (219 mIU/ml) in the patient's serum, but dropped after surgery and chemotherapy. beta-hCG may be used as tumor marker in this case.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Aged ; Chorionic Gonadotropin ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; Female ; Humans ; Liver ; Lung ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Trophoblasts*

PURPOSE: There is no regimen that is strongly recommended for more than second-line treatment. We investigated the efficacy and safety of platinum/vinorelbine as more than second-line treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We selected patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received treatment with platinum/vinorelbine at Chungnam National University Hospital from August 2001 to December 2013. The primary end point was the response rate, and secondary end points were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicity. RESULTS: Thirty-five patients were enrolled. Response rate was 22.9% (complete response, 0 patients [0%]; partial response, eight patients [22.9%]; stable disease, 10 patients [28.6%]; progressive disease, 14 patients [40.0%]). A significantly higher response rate was observed for patients who had responded to previous chemotherapy than for those who did not (34.8% [8/23] vs. 0% [0/12], p=0.020). The median PFS was 4 months (range, 1 to 21 months). Patients with adenocarcinoma and non-smokers had a significantly longer PFS than patients with non-adenocarcinoma and smokers (5 months vs. 2 months, p=0.007; 4.5 months vs. 2 months, p=0.046, respectively). The median OS was 10 months (range, 1 to 41 months). Patients with good performance status and non-smokers had a significantly longer OS than patients with poor performance status and smokers (14 months vs. 4 months, p=0.02; 18.5 months vs. 6 months, p=0.049, respectively). The main serious adverse event (grade 3 or 4) was neutropenia (15 events, 13.3%) in a total of 113 cycles. CONCLUSION: Platinum/vinorelbine was effective as more than second-line chemotherapy, and the toxicity was tolerable, in patients with advanced NSCLC.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy* ; Humans ; Neutropenia

A patient with advanced lung adenocarcinoma developed symptoms of frequent urination and urgent urination after 14 cycles of Pembrolizumab combined with chemotherapy. After making comprehensive analysis of the results of urine routine test, renal function, cystoscope and computed tomography (CT) examination, immune checkpoint inhibitors related cystoureteritis and acute kidney injury were considered. The patient's symptoms were relieved after discontinuation of Pembrolizumab combined with chemotherapy. However, the symptoms of urinary irritation worsened significantly after rechallenging Pembrolizumab combined with chemotherapy, and the symptoms was relieved after corticosteroids treatment. If patients develop urinary symptoms during immune checkpoint inhibitors treatment, immune checkpoint inhibitors related cystoureteritis should be considered for early differential diagnosis in order to implement appropriate treatment.
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Humans ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology* ; Adenocarcinoma of Lung/drug therapy* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a promising new approach for cancer therapy. The purpose of this study is to detect the effects of SDT on the cell proliferation of human lung adenocarcinoma cell SPCA-1, using Chlorin e6 as a sonosensitizing agent activated by ultrasound.

METHODSSPCA-1 and normal peripheral mononuclear cell (PMNC) were treated with ultrasound or Chlorin e6 alone and combined. Cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay, and cell morphology was studied by inverted microscope after 6 h treated.

RESULTS1.0 MHz ultrasound (1.0 W/ cm(2)-2.0 W/cm2 x 60 s) and Chlorin e6 (0.4 mg/mL-3.2 mg/mL) inhibited the cell proliferation of both SPCA-1 and PMNC cells in a intensity- and a dose-dependent manner respectively. Compared with the ultrasound (1.0 W/cm2 x 60 s) or Chlorin e6 (0.05 mg/mL-0.2 mg/mL) alone, the inhibitory effect on the cell proliferation was remarkably increased by the combination of ultrasound and chlorin e6 in SPCA-1 cells (P < 0.05), but no same effect was observed in PMNC cells (P > 0.05). Compared with the ultrasound (1.0 W/cm2 x 60 s) or chlorin e6 (0.2 mg/mL) alone, the combination treatment of ultrasound with Chlorin e6 induced more necrotic cells in SPCA-1 cells (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThere was a significant selectively inhibitory effect of sonodynamic effect with Chlorin e6 on the SPCA-1 cell growth. Chlorin e6 may be a promising sonosensitizing agent for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Porphyrins ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Ultrasonic Therapy ; methods