Adenin made a comfortable impact on erythrocytes during preservation, both on the ability to maintain the number of red blood cell (RBC), to stabilize the pH and osmotic pressure of erythrocytes. The presence of adenin in the component of the solution that preserved erythrocytes with the most suitable concentration was 0.04/100ml. At the 28th of preservation, RBC of all studied formulas suddenly decreased. Adenin didn't maintain over 98% RBC, stabilized the pH of erythrocytes on the level 7 at the 42nd days during preservation
Adenine ; Erythrocytes ; Blood

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the preferred host cells for the production of complex recombinant therapeutic proteins. Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) is a key enzyme in the purine biosynthesis step that catalyzes the condensation of adenine with phosphoribosylate to form adenosine phosphate AMP. In this study, the gene editing technique was used to knock out the aprt gene in CHO cells. Subsequently, the biological properties of APRT-KO CHO cell lines were investigated. A control vector expressed an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and an attenuation vector (containing an aprt-attenuated expression cassette and EGFP) were constructed and transfected into APRT-deficient and wild-type CHO cells, respectively. The stable transfected cell pools were subcultured for 60 generations and the mean fluorescence intensity of EGFP in the recombinant CHO cells was detected by flow cytometry to analyze the EGFP expression stability. PCR amplification and sequencing showed that the aprt gene in CHO cell was successfully knocked out. The obtained APRT-deficient CHO cell line had no significant difference from the wild-type CHO cells in terms of cell morphology, growth, proliferation, and doubling time. The transient expression results indicated that compared with the wild-type CHO cells, the expression of EGFP in the APRT-deficient CHO cells transfected with the control vector and the attenuation vector increased by 42%±6% and 56%±9%, respectively. Especially, the EGFP expression levels in APRT-deficient cells transfected with the attenuation vector were significantly higher than those in wild-type CHO cells (P < 0.05). The findings suggest that the APRT-deficient CHO cell line can significantly improve the long-term expression stability of recombinant proteins. This may provide an effective cell engineering strategy for establishing an efficient and stable CHO cell expression system.
Adenine/metabolism* ; Adenine Nucleotides ; Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase/genetics* ; Adenosine Monophosphate ; Animals ; CHO Cells ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Recombinant Proteins/genetics*

Focal acantholytic dyskeratosis (FAD) was introduced by Ackerman to describe a group of clinically various dermatologic conditions having a similar histologic appearance. The characteristic histologic findings included (1) suprabasilar clefts around preserved papillae, (2) acantholytic and dyskeratotic cells at all levels of the epidermis, and (3) hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis. Almost solitary lesions of FAD are histologically incidental or clinically nodular(warty dyskeratoma). The papular form of solitary FAD is an extremely rare condition identified by the reviewing of specimens or reported as a solitary lesion developing in the mouth. We report a case of focal acantholytic dyskeratosis presenting as a solitary papule on the perianal area.
Epidermis ; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide ; Mouth ; Parakeratosis

Adenine ; analogs & derivatives ; Fanconi Syndrome ; Humans ; Organophosphonates

In a continuation of our studies to discover bioactive secondary metabolites from marine sources, we further investigated samples from a tryptamine and phenyl-alkane producing sponge, which resulted in the isolation of four uncommon small molecules and five nucleosides. Their structures were determined to be 7,8-dihydroimidazo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one (1), 5-chlorocavernicolin (2), maleimide-5-oxime (3), 3-methylmaleimide-5-oxime (4), uridine (5), 2'-deoxyuridine (6), thymidine (7), adenine (8), and adenosine (9) by spectroscopic analyses. The isolated compounds were evaluated for inhibitory activity against soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) as well as the Wnt/beta-catenine signaling pathway.
Adenine ; Adenosine ; Nucleosides* ; Oximes* ; Porifera* ; Thymidine ; Uridine

Adenine ; Animals ; Gene Editing ; Mice ; Zygote ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the utility of adenine for preventing clozapine-induced neutropenia. METHODS: This retrospective study examined the effect of adenine on clozapine-induced neutropenia in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia and was conducted at Okehazama Hospital in Japan from July 2010 to June 2013. Adenine was available for use from June 2011 onwards. Twenty-one patients started receiving clozapine treatment from July 2010 to April 2011 (the pre-adenine adoption group), and 47 patients started receiving it from May 2011 to June 2013 (the post-adenine adoption group). The effects of adenine were assessed based on changes in the patients' leukocyte counts and the frequency of treatment discontinuation due to clozapine-induced neutropenia. RESULTS: Sixty-eight patients were treated with clozapine from July 2010 to June 2013. Of the 21 patients in the pre-adenine adoption group, 4 discontinued treatment due to clozapine-induced neutropenia, whereas only 2 of the 47 patients in the post-adenine adoption group discontinued treatment. The frequency of treatment discontinuation due to clozapine-induced neutropenia was significantly lower in post-adenine adoption group than in the pre-adenine adoption group (p=0.047). CONCLUSION: Adenine decreased the frequency of treatment discontinuation due to clozapine-induced neutropenia. Our data suggest that combined treatment with clozapine and adenine is a safe and effective strategy against treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
Adenine* ; Clozapine ; Humans ; Japan ; Leukocyte Count ; Neutropenia* ; Retrospective Studies ; Schizophrenia*

The purpose of this study was to fad the specific character of menu patterns by sex, age and health risk of subjects for the basic data of a nutrition education program. The dietary intake of the subjects was investigated by the 24-hour recall method. Subjects consisted of male 94, female 394, total 488. To analyze patterns, dishes were classified into major staple foods ; kimchi, soup and side dishes and also classified into 24 categories by the cooking method. For the men, a frequently served pattern was cooked rice + soup + kimchi. For the women, the pattern was also cooked rice + soup + kimchi. For the 20-49 year olds and the 50-64 year olds, frequently served patterns were cooked rice + soup + kimchi > noodle + kimchi. For the 65-74 year olds, those patterns were cooked rice + stew > cooked rice + kimchi. For the normal group and the risk group, the frequently served pattern was cooked rice + soup + kimchi. The most used menu pattern by the number of dishes was cooked rice + soup + kimchi in the male, female, normal group and risk group. For the 20-49 year olds, the pattern was cooked rice + soup + kimchi and noodle + kimchi. For the 50-64 year olds, it was cooked rice + soup + kimchi. For the 65-74 years old, it was cooked rice + stew. The result of analyzing patterns for the most used main staple food was cooked rice in all groups. The results of analyzing patterns, with those considered basic food, cooked rice, soup and stew, showed that frequently served patterns were cooked rice + soup > cooked rice > cooked rice + stew in all groups. With these results, we can summarize that the menu patterns of people in Kangbukgu was the younger, the more non-traditional. Also, the normal group had more various patterns than those of the risk group. Thus, we need further research about menu patterns to provide adequate nutrition education.
Cooking ; Education ; Female ; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide ; Humans ; Male

Background: Hepatitis B is a potentially serious form of liver inflammation due to infection by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It occurs in both rapidly developing (acute) and long-lasting (chronic) forms, and is one of the most common chronic infectious diseases worldwide. HBV infection is very common in Thua Thien \ufffd?Hue. Objectives:. Our study is aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Adefovir dipivoxil(ADV) in patients with HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B .. Subjects and method: Design of study: Prospective; 36 patients with HbeAg (+) chronic B hepatitis were enrolled in this study, all patients were treated with Adefovir dipivoxil in 24 months at Hue University Hospital from October 2004 to September 2006 . Results: The rate of normalization of ALAT is 50 % after 6 months, 66.66% after 12 months and 69.44% after 24 months. The rate of HbeAg seroconversion is 11.11 % after 12 months and 30.55% after 24 months. This rate is Significantly higher in group of patients having the activity of SePT between 5 - 10 normal (58.33%). The rate of phenotypic resistance is only 2.77% after 12 months and 8.33% after 24 months. The tolerance is generally good\r\n', u'even in long - term treatment and no complication of renal\r\n', u'insufficiency was found. Conclusion: ADV appears an effective and safe in patients with HBeAg(+) chronic hepatitis. \r\n', u'
Hepatitis B ; Chronic/ pathology ; therapy ; Adenine/ analogs & ; derivatives

Adenine ; Animals ; Gene Editing ; Mice ; Mutation ; Myotonic Dystrophy ; genetics ; Rats