The World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region with an estimated 160 million chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers in 2007 bears a significant burden of HBV-related mortality and morbidity. Most Member States in the region have an estimated chronic HBV infection proportion of more than 8% in their adult population, which is the highest worldwide. The WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific published the first Regional Plan for Hepatitis B Control in January 2003. This plan is updated periodically with a consistent ultimate goal of achieving a chronic HBV infection rate of less than 1% in the region.

Viral hepatitis is a statutorily notifiable disease in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR). The Central Notification Office of the Department of Health receives notifications with pre-defined case definitions. In July 2011, Hong Kong SAR was verified by the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific as having successfully achieved the goal of hepatitis B control.

Liver cancer was the third leading cause of cancer death in Hong Kong SAR in 2012, and evidence showed that 75–80% of liver cancer cases were related to chronic HBV infection. This report reviews the surveillance data of HBV infections in Hong Kong SAR from 1988 to 2014 and discusses the responses and existing gaps to achieve the WHO goal in the local context.

We aim to evaluate prostate health index as an additional risk-stratification tool in patients with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score 3 lesions on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging. Men with biochemical or clinical suspicion of having prostate cancer who underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in two tertiary centers (Queen Mary Hospital and Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, China) between January 2017 and June 2022 were included. Ultrasound-magnetic resonance imaging fusion biopsies were performed after prostate health index testing. Those who only had Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score 3 lesions were further stratified into four prostate health index risk groups and the cancer detection rates were analyzed. Out of the 747 patients, 47.3% had Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score 3 lesions only. The detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer in this group was 15.0%. The cancer detection rates of clinically significant prostate cancer had statistically significant differences: 5.3% in prostate health index <25.0, 7.4% in prostate health index 25.0-34.9, 17.9% in prostate health index 35.0-54.9, and 52.6% in prostate health index ≥55.0 (P < 0.01). Among the patients, 26.9% could have avoided a biopsy with a prostate health index <25.0, at the expense of a 5.3% risk of missing clinically significant prostate cancer. Prostate health index could be used as an additional risk stratification tool for patients with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score 3 lesions. Biopsies could be avoided in patients with low prostate health index, with a small risk of missing clinically significant prostate cancer.