No abstract available.
Acute Pain ; Dexmedetomidine

No abstract available.
Acute Kidney Injury* ; Back Pain*

Regional anesthesia and pain management have experienced advances in recent years, especially with the advent of fascial plane blocks. The erector spinae plane block is one of the newest techniques to be described. In the past two years, publications referring to ESP block have increased significantly. The objective of this review is to analyze the articles about ESP block that have been published to date. We performed a search in the main databases and identified 368 articles. After a selection of the relevant articles, 125 studies were found eligible and were included in the review. The ESP block is performed by depositing the local anesthetic in the fascial plane, deeper than the erector spinae muscle at the tip of the transverse process of the vertebra. Many cases of its use have been described with satisfactory results in the treatment of both acute pain and chronic pain. The applicability of the technique covers many clinical scenarios. Of the 98 case reports reviewed, 12 and 87 articles, respectively described the technique as a treatment for chronic pain and acute pain. The single-shot was the most frequently used technique. As described in the articles published to date, the technique is easy to perform and has a low rate of complications. However, despite the effectiveness of the technique, further studies are necessary to obtain more evidence of its actions.
Acute Pain ; Anesthesia, Conduction ; Chronic Pain ; Pain Management ; Spine

We report on a case of acute, sport-related back pain treated with pressing moxibustion and acupuncture therapy. A 15-year-old high school freshman fell on his back while shooting a basketball during a game. He felt acute back pain on the second day following his injury. We suspected a fracture and advised him to visit an orthopaedic surgeon, where he was diagnosed with a contusion. Upon return to us, we began acupuncture therapy of his inferior limb acupoints and pressing moxibustion of his contused muscle, while evaluating his pain using a numerical rating scale. He experienced pain relief after the second pressing moxibustion treatment. His numerical pain score changed for the better, and his treatment was ended after the third visit. In cases of pressing moxibustion, moxa sticks are directly pressed onto acupoints protected with non-flammable cloth. In Japan, however, the term moxibustion therapy generally indicates direct moxibustion. Therefore Japanese moxibustion therapists rarely choose the pressing moxibustion therapy option. This case suggests that pressing moxibustion for acute contused wounds or lower back pain is also effective.
Acute ; Back Pain ; Therapeutic procedure ; Pain ; therapeutic aspects

Abdominal Pain ; etiology ; Acute Pain ; etiology ; Child ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; complications

OBJECTIVE: To compare the factors such as quality of life (QOL), anxiety and pain intensity in patients with acute and chronic pain. METHOD: Twenty patients with acute (pain duration <2 months) and chronic (pain duration >3 months) musculoskeletal pain were recruited. Pain intensity was assessed using 3 measures: ratings of average pain on a visual analogue scale (VAS), ratings of average pain on the short form McGill pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ), and ratings of pain on the present pain intensity (PPI) verbal rating scale. Quality of life and anxiety were assessed using 2 measures: the SF-36 (medical outcomes study 36-item short-form health survey) and the STAI (state-trait anxiety inventory). RESULTS: The SF-36 scale was lower and state anxiety scale was higher in chronic pain group. The SF-36 and the state anxiety scale revealed significant difference between the acute and chronic groups (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the the groups regarding pain intensity and the trait anxiety scale. CONCLUSION: Patients with chronic pain showed low well-being status and increased anxiety level compared to acute pain patients. According to the above results, proper management of chronic pain might be helpful for enhancing their psychosocial function.
Acute Pain ; Anxiety ; Chronic Pain ; Humans ; Musculoskeletal Pain ; Pain Measurement ; Quality of Life

Children could experience more pain after strabismus surgery due to the limitation of communication skill in addition to surgery itself. This study was done to assess the acute pain after strabismus surgery using the Faces Pain Rating Scale and Numeric Scale in children. Patients of 50 children, 21 boys and 29 girls, with mean age of 7.3 years were studied at the timepoint of postoperative 2, 4, 6, 8, 24 hours and analyzed using RM-ANOVA. The results showed that the mean scores of pain decreased significantly along with times in both scales(F=24.620 ;p=.000 in Faces Pain Scale, F=20.668 ;p=.000 in Numeric Scale). The patterns of decreased pain were not influenced by age, sex, compliance and number of operated eye muscles. At postop. 2 hours, 60% of subjects in Faces Pain Scale and 68% in Numeric Scales complained moderate to severe pain. According to time changes, at postop. 8 hours 86%of subjects experienced no or mild pain in both scales. In addition, there were high correlation coefficiencies between two scales at each timepoint(.735acute pain within 8 hours of strabismus surgery and it warrants the therapeutic interventions-pharmacologic or nonpharmacologic-for pain management in this population.
Acute Pain ; Child* ; Compliance ; Female ; Humans ; Muscles ; Pain Management ; Pain Measurement ; Strabismus* ; Weights and Measures

PURPOSE: The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), as a pain measurement tool, has been shown to be a reliable measurement for chronic pain. However, the reliability and the validity of the VAS have not been demonstrated in an acute setting where pain fluctuations might be greater than they would be for chronic pain. This study assessed the usefulness of the VAS in an emergency setting. METHODS: Patients 16 years of age or older who presented with acute pain resulting from trauma or non-traumatic diseases were enrolled in this prospective, observational study. A 100-mm non-hatched, horizontal visual analogue scale was used to measure the pain severity. VAS measurements were obtained 1 minute apart at admission, 30 minutes after admission, and 1 hour after treatment. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) and a Bland-Altman analysis were used to assess the reliability and the validity of the VAS measurements. RESULTS: The ICCs for paired VAS scores at admission, 30 minutes after admission, and 1 hour after treatment were 0.988 (95% CI=0.98 to 0.99), 0.968 (95% CI=0.95 to 0.98), and 0.989 (95% CI=0.98 to 0.99), respectively. The Bland-Altman analysis showed that 95% of the paired measurements at admission, 30 minutes after admission, and 1 hour after treatment were within 7 mm. CONCLUSION: The VAS appears to be a highly reproducible instrument for measurement of acute pain in the emergency department. This study suggests that the VAS is sufficiently reliable to be used to assess acute pain.
Acute Pain* ; Chronic Pain ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Humans ; Observational Study ; Pain Measurement* ; Prospective Studies

PURPOSE: This study was done to develop a evidence-based guideline for pain assessment and management in Korea by adapting previously developed pain guidelines. METHODS: The guideline adaptation process was conducted using 24 steps according to the guideline adaptation manual developed by Hospital Nurses Association in 2012. RESULTS: The newly developed pain management guideline consisted of 9 domains and 234 recommendations. The number of recommendations in each domain was: 13 general instruction items, 51 pain assessments, 14 pain interventions, 66 pharmacological interventions for acute pain, 41 pharmacological interventions for chronic cancer pain, 35 pharmacological interventions for chronic noncancer pain, 21 non-pharmacological interventions, 2 documentations, 10 nursing education items, for pain. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the new pain management guideline can be used to address pain in hospital settings.
Acute Pain ; Documentation ; Education, Nursing ; Evidence-Based Nursing ; Korea ; Nursing ; Pain Management ; Pain Measurement

OBJECTIVE: Cognitive-evoked potentials (P300) reflects a variety of cognitive functions and cognitive-behavioral strategies have been applied to a number of different chronic pain problems, including low back pain (LBP), headache, fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis, etc. Several studies showed delayed onset latency and increased amplitude of P300 in chronic LBP patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cognitive processing differences in patients with chronic and acute LBP, and to examine the effectiveness of P300 to detect the mind of compensation in pending case. METHOD: P300 were recorded in 32 patients with LBP. We divided patients into two groups according to the duration of disease onset and the state of legal proceedings. RESULTS: P300 latency and amplitude was significantly increased in chronic LBP as compared with acute LBP (p <0.05). The state of legal proceedings showed no significant difference in P300 latency and amplitude. CONCLUSION: The results we gained suggested that the neurocognitive networks related to decision making and memory processing seemed to work differently in chronic and acute pain. Mind of compensation did not seem to be related with P300 in LBP patients.
Acute Pain ; Chronic Pain ; Compensation and Redress ; Decision Making ; Fibromyalgia ; Headache ; Humans ; Low Back Pain* ; Memory ; Osteoarthritis