Background: Acute renal failure is a common emergency and esspecial dangerous in the neonatal disease group, account for from 8% to 24% of among total patients to be treated at Intensive Care Unit with the high rate of mortality and complication. The mortality rate due to acute renal failure in neonatal group account for from 24.4% to 66,7%. Objectives: This study aims to learn about the clinical and laboratory characteristics as well as some risks factors of neonatal acute renal failure. Subjects and method:A descriptive, retrospective study was conduct on 64 patients without diagnosed of acute renal failure in control group and other 32 cases of acute renal failure whom treated at Neonatal Department of National Hospital for Pediatric from 1st January 2005 to 31st March 2006. Results:The diagnosis was often done in the 1st week of life and the incidence occurred in boy more than in girl.The average reatininernie\r\n', u'was 251.7\xb112.96 \xb5ol/l, the electrical disorder (in which hyperkaliernie: 78.1%, hyponatrernie: 46.9%), anernie was 18.7%, acidosis netabolique was 71.9%. Risk factors of neonatal acute renal failure: the pre-puerperal eclampsia (p = 0.023, OR=1.23), infection (p <0.001, OR = 9.53), suffocation (p <0.05, OR = 2.489), respiratory failure (p <0.001, OR = 2.489). Conclusion: The clinical signs were hyponurie and anuria, oederne and arterial hypertension.\r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Acute Kidney Injury/ diagnosis ; pathology ; Infant

Acute renal cortical necrosis in which there is destruction of the renal cortex and sparing of the renalmedulla, is a relatively rare cause of acute renal failure. A definitive diagnosis of acute renal corticalnecrosis is based on renal biopsy, but on CT(computed tomography) the rather specific contrast-enhanced appearance of acute renal cortical necrosis has been described. As renal biopsy is not available, contrast-enhanced CT is auseful, noninvasive investigate modality for the early diagnosis of acute renal cortical necrosis. We report the characteristic CT findings of acute renal cortical necrosis in a patient with acute renal failure following anoperation for abdominal trauma.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Kidney Cortex Necrosis* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed*

Acute kidney injury (AKI) has various triggers, such as ischemia, nephrotoxins, radiocontrast, and bacterial endotoxins. It occurs in about one-third of patients treated in the intensive care unit. There is a higher mortality in patients with AKI compared with their non-AKI counterparts. The diagnosis of AKI usually depends on serum creatinine (SCr) measurements. However, SCr is a delayed and unreliable indicator of AKI. The lack of early biomarkers has limited the ability to manage AKI. Fortunately, understanding the early stress response of the kidney to injury has resulted in the identification and validation of several potential novel urine and blood biomarkers. Recently, new biomarkers of AKI with more favorable characteristics than SCr have been identified and studied in various experimental and clinical settings. This article reviews the most well-established biomarkers of AKI.
Acute Kidney Injury* ; Biomarkers* ; Creatinine ; Diagnosis ; Endotoxins ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Ischemia ; Kidney ; Mortality

Idiopathic renal hypouricemia is a disorder characterized by impaired urate handling in the renal tubules. Most patients with hypouricemia are asymptomatic and are found incidentally, but the condition is known to be at high risk for exercise-induced acute renal failure or urolithiasis. URAT1 protein encoded by SLC22A12 gene has been identified recently as a urate/anion exchanger in the human kidney. Inactivation mutations in SLC22A12 gene have been shown to cause renal idiopathic hypouricemia. We experienced a 3-year-old boy who presented with persistent orange-colored urine since infancy. His urine contained many uric acid crystals, while the serum showed hypouricemia(0.7 mg/dL). The fractional excretion of uric acid was increased to 41.7%. SLC22a12 gene analysis revealed W258X homozygote alleles. Renal hypouricemia must be included in the differential diagnosis of red-urine and SLC22A12 gene analysis is recommended in idiopathic renal hypouricemia.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Alleles ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Kidney ; Male ; Uric Acid ; Urolithiasis

Acute Kidney Injury ; classification ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Kidney ; injuries ; Practice Patterns, Physicians'

Acute Kidney Injury ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Biomarkers ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; complications ; diagnosis

PURPOSE:Fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) has been used in the differentiation of acute kidney injury (AKI) into traditional categories of prerenal azotemia (PR) and acute tubular necrosis (ATN). However, many patients with PR have already received diuretics or saline at the time of diagnosis, which increase FENa. In contrast, the fractional excretion of uric acid (FEUA) and urea (FEUN) is less influenced by diuretics. We investigated the diagnostic significance of the FEUA and FEUN in differentiating between PR and ATN. METHODS:The FENa, FEUA, and FEUN were calculated in 40 patients with PR and 30 patients with ATN at day 0 (D0), day 1 (D1) and day 2 (D2), sequentially. RESULTS:FEUA (PR 13.9+/-8.7% vs. ATN 33.2+/-27.0%, p<0.05) and FEUN (PR 32.1+/-18.9% vs. ATN 50.6+/-41.3%, p<0.05) were lower in PR than in ATN patients. At the cut-off value of 1% FENa, sensitivity and specificity for the detection of PR was 51.4% and 96.4%, respectively. When FENa, FEUA and FEUN were combined, sensitivity and specificity was 84% and100%, respectively. In the PR with FENa less than 1%, FENa significantly increased after treatment (D0 0.4+/-0.1% vs. D1 1.2+/-0.3% vs. D2 1.5+/-0.4 %, p<0.05), but FEUA and FEUN did not changed after treatment. CONCLUSION:FEUA and FEUN may be useful in differentiating between PR and ATN. The combination of FENa, FEUA and FEUN might increase diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in the differential diagnosis of AKI.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Azotemia ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diuretics ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sodium ; Urea ; Uric Acid ; Urinalysis

Splenic artery pseudoaneurysm is a rare, but potentially lethal, vascular lesion. The mortality rate may be 75-90%, if the aneurysm ruptures. The risk for rupture of an untreated splenic artery pseudoaneurysm is about 37%. Hence, early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention are vital to improve survival. However, vague symptoms make early diagnosis difficult. We report here a case of a giant splenic artery pseudoaneurysm presenting with acute kidney injury. The patient had been treated previously for infective endocarditis, and after 4 months, acute kidney injury developed. Imaging studies revealed a giant splenic artery pseudoaneurysm. Splenectomy and distal pancreatectomy were performed. After surgery, renal function was improved.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, False ; Early Diagnosis ; Endocarditis ; Humans ; Pancreatectomy ; Rupture ; Splenectomy ; Splenic Artery

The authors reported here a 23 years-old female patient with acute renal failure and anaphylaxis induced by rifampicin, who was suffered from exudative pericarditis. The diagnosis was made by its reproducibility with rifampicin. The pathogenesis of acute renal failure and anaphylaxis in this case was thought to be immunologic mechanism, because of elevated IgE and depressed complements. Relevant literature was also reviewed.
Acute Kidney Injury* ; Anaphylaxis* ; Complement System Proteins ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Pericarditis ; Rifampin ; Young Adult

Acute interstitial nephritis is a disorder that primarily affect the renal tubule and interstitium. This disease may result from a variety of cause but drug have emerged as the most common cause of acute interstitial nephritis. Characteristically, in acute interstitial nephritis mononuclear cell infiltrate the interstitium, particularly in cortex. Diagnosis of acute intersitital nephritis can be made from historical information, physical examination,or laboratory test. But renal biopsy is the most definitive method of diagnosis. Carbamazepine has been used as a drug for treatment of convulsive disorder. This drug cause rarely renal problem. The authors experienced a case of carbamazepine induced acute interstitial nephritis in a 20 years old man who showed skin rash and mild fever, deminished renal function, and who was diagnosed by history,physical examination, renal biopsy.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Biopsy ; Carbamazepine ; Diagnosis ; Exanthema ; Fever ; Humans ; Nephritis ; Nephritis, Interstitial* ; Young Adult