Objective To explore the feasibility of mechanical chest compression to establish a rat model of car?diopulmonary resuscitation ( CPR) . Methods 4?month old healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group ( n=6 ) and model group ( n=10 ) . After induction of anaesthesia with 10% chloraldurate ( 3 ml/kg, i. p. ) , tracheal intubation and left femoral artery cannulation were performed. Under electrocardiographic and artery blood pressure monitoring, tracheal obstruction ( TO) was performed to rats in model group. At 2 min after the cardiac arrest ( CA) occurred, CPRs were administered to the rats using a self?made animal chest compressor, which provided chest?com?pression at a rate of 200 bpm. Results Shortly after TO, rats in the model group had respiratory arrest, cyanosis and ar?rhythmia. Electrocardiography indicated that CA occurred within 4-5 min, with a decreased artery systolic blood pressure ( <40 mmHg) and a zero pulse pressure. Return of spontaneous circulation ( ROSC) after the CPR was successfully a?chieved in 8 rats (80%), with a transient reperfusion arrhythmia. Finally, 60% of the rats (n=6) recovered to con?sciousness and survived for 24 hrs. The serum biochemical analysis indicated that there were electrolyte disturbances, aci?dosis, impaired renal functions and increased myocardial enzyme spectrum. Pathological examination revealed cardiac rhab? domyolysis, no?reflow phenomenon in renal glomeruli, decrease of neurons and pulmonary congestion in the model group rats. Conclusions Mechanical chest compression can provide minimal cardiac output for the requirement of CPR incardiac arrestin rats. It is feasible to establish rat CPR model with the mechanical chest compression.

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the effect of androgen deficiency on serum hormone levels, visceral fat accumulation and inflammatory gene expression in miniature pigs fed a high-fat diet ( HFD) . Methods Sexually mature male Chinese Wuzhishan miniature pigs were divided into three groups ( animals/group) as follows:intact male pigs ( SHAM) , castrated male pigs ( CAS) and castrated male pigs plus testosterone treatment ( CAS+T) . The pigs were fed a HFD diet for 12 weeks. Serum levels of testosterone and leptin were measured and visceral fat were dissected and weighted. qRT?PCR was performed to determine the mRNA expression levels of lipogenic, lipolysis and inflammation relat?ed genes. Results (1) Serum testosterone levels were significantly decreased but serum leptin levels were significantly in?creased in the castrated pigs. These effects were recovered after testosterone treatment. ( 2 ) Visceral fat percentage was significantly increased in the castrated pigs, and testosterone treatment reduced the increased visceral fat in the castrated pigs. (3) Castration and testosterone treatment had no significant effects on the expression levels of lipogenic genes (FAS and ACC) and lipolysis genes (HSL and ATGL) in pigs fed a HFD. (5) Castration significantly induced the expressions of inflammatory genes including Leptin, CD68, CCL16, CCL23 and SAA, and testosterone treatment recovered the expres?sions of the above genes in the castrated pigs. Conclusions Castration?induced testosterone deficiency promotes visceral fat accumulation and upregulates the expression levels of inflammatory genes in miniature pigs fed a HFD. Moreover, tes?tosterone treatment ameliorates castration?induced visceral fat accumulation and inflammatory response in HFD?fed pigs.

Objective To improve the method to establish a rat model of vascular dementia and to better serve the experimental studies on vascular dementia.Methods We used the method of“repeatedly clipping the carotid artery com-bined with injection of sodium nitroprusside and with permanent unilateral carotid artery ligation” to prepare a rat model of vascular dementia.The drug piracetam was used to validate the established rat model in respect of the behavior and histopa-thology.Results Different from the reports of previous research, firstly, the results of this study suggested that injection dose of sodium nitroprusside should be 2.0 mg/kg, room temperature should be controlled at 28℃ during surgical opera-tion, and kept at 25℃postoperatively for 24 hours.Under these experimental conditions, the rats were stable and the death rate was reduced.Secondly,“repeatedly clipping carotid artery combined with permanent unilateral carotid artery ligation”could cut off about a third of cerebral blood supply, and causing chronic cerebral ischemia, which is seemingly more con-sistent with the pathogenesis of vascular dementia.Experimental results showed that compared with the control group, the navigation incubation period was extended and space search ability became worse in the model group, cell number was de-creased, with blurred cell contour and deeply stained cytoplasm, and cell nuclei were not clear in the hippocampal tissue. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the improved methodrepeatedly clipping the carotid artery combined with injec-tion of sodium nitroprusside and with permanent unilateral carotid artery ligationcan be used to efficiently establish a rat model of vascular dementia.The similar results of experiment using piracetam validate that this rat model can be used in vascular dementia-related experimental studies.

Objective To investigate the positive and suspicious rates of BV, SRV, SIV and STLV-1 antibody of the cynomolgus monkeys introduced from Laos, dynamic monitoring of virus antibody during the establishment of SPF cyno-molgus monkey population, and then comparing the positive rate of virus antibody in the baby monkeys between the common with SPF populations.Methods Continuous monitoring four kinds of virus in the monkeys was carried out using special reagent kits and analyzed the data.Results In the introduced cynomolgus monkeys (n=1998), the positive rate of BV antibody was 52.35%, suspicious rate of BV antibody was 8.31%, and negative rate of BV antibody was only 39.34%, the positive rates of SRV and STLV-1 antibody were 7.45%and 8.56%, respectively, and positive or suspicious SIV anti-body in the cynomolgus monkeys was not detected.After screening and establishment of the SPF population, the positive rates of BV, SRV and STLV-1 antibody were 5.24%, 1.01%and 0.4%, respectively, in the year 2010.Then after five years of screening and elimination, by the end of 2014, the positive rates of BV, SRV and STLV-1 antibodies were 0.82%, 0.27%and 0.27%, respectively, and positive or suspicious SIV antibody in the cynomolgus monkeys was not de-tected.The BV antibody positive rate of the baby monkeys was 9.71%and the suspicious rate was 1.85%in the common population, but only 0.22%of the baby monkeys in the SPF population.Conclusions Continuous monitoring virus anti-bodies and eliminating positive and suspicious animals have important significance in the establishment of a SPF cynomolgus monkey population.

Objective To investigate the effect of ambient temperature on body mass, thermogenic activity and un-coupling protein-1 ( UCP1) content of brown adipose tissue ( BAT) in tree shrews ( Tupaia belangeri) , and to provide the-oretical basis for establishing tree shrews model of obesity.Methods Forty healthy adult tree shrews with similar body mass were uesd in our experiment.The tree shrews were divided into five groups (n=8):control group (0 d), the ani-mals were maintained under 25 ±1℃ and 12L:12D ( light : dark, lights on 08:00) photoperiod; and the animals were maintained under 5 ±1℃and 12L:12D photoperiod for 7 d, 14 d, 21 d and 28 d groups, respectively.At the end of ex-periment, the changes of body mass, nonshivering thermogenesis (NST), BAT mass and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) con-tent were determined.Results Compared with the control group (0 d), the body mass, NST, BAT mass and UCP1 con-tent of the cold acclimation groups were improved significantly, the BAT color also obviously deepened, and after cold accli-mation for 28 d, the body mass, NST, BAT mass and UCP1 content were increased by 26.32%, 20.65, 53.85%and 43%, respectively.Apparently, the UCP1 content was significantly positively correlated with BAT mass and NST.Conclusions BAT proliferation may be induced and UCP1 expression upregulated by cold acclimation in Tupaia belangeri, therefore, en-hancing the thermogenic activity of brown adipose tissue to increase energy expenditure.We would speculate that BAT might be used as a target organ for treatment of obesity by energetic approach in the future.

Objective To understand the genetic background of the specific pathogen-free Yorkshire and Landrace pigs, imported from Canada by Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.Methods The population genetics were investigated by using 19 pairs of microsatellite primers.Results In the Yorkshire pigs and Landrace pigs, 84 and 89 alleles, respectively, were detected at 19 microsatellites loci.The average polymorphic informa-tion content and mean heterozygosity in the Yorkshire pigs were 0.5271 and 0.5877, and in the Landrace population were 0.5652 and 0.6066, respectively.Because of the significant ( P<0.01) differences of alleles in different loci such as S0155,S0143,S0178,Sw857 and Sw936, it made them possible to be used to identify Yorkshire and Landrace pigs′breed. F-statistics showed that the differentiation within the population was small and genetic structure was stable.Conclusions Compare with the domestic pedigree large White and Landrace pigs, the SPF pedigree pigs imported from Canada are more stable in genetic structure, and can be used as laboratory animal models in animal science research.

Objective To establish a stable transfection cell line of iRhom2 and its mutant through recombinant lentivirus infection.Methods The full-length gene of iRhom2 and its mutant were cloned into the lentivirus vector Lenti-OE-Flag, and got recombinant lentiviral vector of Lenti-OE-iRhom2 and Lenti-OE-iRhom2mut.The constructed recombi-nant lentivirus vectors were transfected into HEK-293T packaging cells to obtain the recombinant virus.Vero cells were in-fected with recombinant virus.The stable expressing cell lines were obtained by pressure screening with puromycin. Results The recombinant lentivirus vectors were constructed and the recombinant virus was obtained.The stable express-ing cell lines were obtained using virus infection and the protein expression was testified with Western blotting.Conclu-sions Stable iRhom2-expressing Vero cell line and its mutant are achieved by recombinant lentivirus infection.It paves the way for future study on biological functions and mechanism of iRhom2.

Although the concept of the 3Rs was developed in the 1950s, it took many years before it became a central theme when planning and conducting experiments which might involve animals.There are still many ways in which protocols can be im-proved to increase both animal welfare and the reliability of the scientific data obtained from the studies. This paper gives some practical advice on how the 3Rs can be implemented more thoroughly in animal research.

Tree shrews have an excellent visual system, their cones accounted for 96%of the photorecepter cells, so that their color vision and stereo vision are well developed.With their rich resources and low cost, tree shrews have been considered as an ideal animal model in eye research in comparative medicine and genomics research.The ophthalmological research on tree shrew mainly focused on the establishment of myopia model, as well as the changes in myopic sclera and choroids, and the basic studies of their retina, optic and visual cortex.This paper reviewed the basic ophthalmological re-search of tree shrew.

Objective To investigate the genetic patterns of iris pigmentat mutation in the white hair black eye ( WHBE) rabbits.Methods To construct six two-generation families between WHBE rabbit and Japanese white rabbit, and the quantity of individuals had different eye colours in F1 and F2 generations were recorded and analyzed.Results χ2 test showed there was no significant difference between observed values and expected values in the mode of autosomal domi-nate inheritance ( P>0.05) , while there were significant differences between observed values and expected values in the autosomal recessive inheritance and sex-linked genetic pattern(P<0.05).Conclusions Iris pigmentat mutation in WHBE rabbit has a monogenic character due to autosomal dominant mutation.