Objective To analyze the characteristics of somatotypes of South Asian type, North Asian type and East Asian type, and to compare the main differences among them. Methods The characteristics of somatotypes among South Asian type, North Asian type and East Asian type in 29 Chinese Mongolian ethnic groups were compared by using the Heath-Carter anthropometric somatotype. The reasons for differences of South Asian type were that North Asian type were analyzed by using principal component analysis. Results The male groups of North Asian type were endomorphic mesomorph and the South Asian types were balanced mesomorph, while the East Asian types differed greatly from each other.The female groups of North Asian types and the East Asian types were mesomorphic endomorph and the South Asian types were endomorphic mesomorph. The somatotypes of East Asian types were similar to North Asian types but were greatly different from South Asian types.Principal components analysis showed that the main differences between South and North of male groups lied first in ectomorphy and then in endomorphy.The differences between female groups of South and North were mainly on endomorphy. Conclusion The ethnic group of North Asian type is higher than South Asian type in endomorphy but lower in ectomorphy.

Hepatic oval cells (OCs) are the stem cells of the liver. They can differentiate into liver cells, bile duct epithelial cells and other cells, and also are closely related to liver regeneration and liver diseases. In this article, we give a brief summary focused on the source, location, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, transplantation of hepatic oval cells, and its role in liver regeneration and liver diseases.

Pit cells (PCs) are hepatic natural killer cells(HNKCs), and play an important role in resisting tumor, resisting virus, regulating hepatocyte growth and differentiation, inhibiting liver fibrosis and so on. In the paper, research progress in liver pit cells is briefly summarized.

Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are a group of nonparenchymal cells of liver, and play an important role in lipid, especially vitamin A-storing, extracellular matrix synthesis, microcirculation regulation of hepatic sinusoid, etc. They are also closely related to lots of liver diseases, e. g. hepatofibrosis. In this review, the latest research advance on HSCs including their isolation, identification, proliferation and regulation, and role in liver regeneration, hepatofibrosis, and so on is summarized.

ObjectiveTo study the types of anatomical variations of hepatic arteries. Methods Hepatic arteries of 64-slice spiral CT scanning data were three-dimensional constructed by using self-designed software. The types of anatomical variations were analyzed and classified with Michels' classification criteria. Results The model presented with realistic profile of hepatic arteries which allowed vivid three-dimensional observation. Of these patients, 40 had normal hepatic arteries (60.61%), 26 had variations (39.39%), and 5 had infrequent aberrant hepatic arteries that was not included in Michels' classification (7.58%). Conclusion Three-dimensional model of hepatic arteries can volumetricly display the anatomical variations of hepatic arteries.

ObjectiveTo study the anatomic characteristic of the attachment of medial patellofemoral ligament and its function in patellar stability. MethodsThirty adult cadaver knees were used for anatomic study, and the attachments of medial patellofemoral ligament were observed and measured. Results The femoral attachment of medial patellofemoral ligament was anchored to the bone between the medial femoral epicondyle and the adductor tubercle. The fibers here were thin and narrow, and became thick and wide to the anterior. The patellar attachment was in the superior two-thirds of the medial margin of the patella. The fiber here were the thickest and the widest. Conclusion The anatomic characteristic of the attachment of medial patellofemoral ligament was revealed, providing anatomical bases for surgery.

ObjectiveTo study the morphology, normal values and lateral asymmetry of Chinese calcarine sulcus on MRI. Methods High-resolution and transverse MRI were obtained from 40 female volunteers. Brainvisa software was used to reconstruct the calcarine sulcus and measure its average length, depth and width automatically. Results The posterior branch of calcarine sulcus showed six types in the median sagittal plane: bifurcation(32.50%), single peak(25.00%), flat (16.25%), S-shaped (15.00%), double peak(7.50%) and other shape (3.75%); its location had three types: inferior(72.50%), middle(21.25%)and superior(6.25%). The depth of left calcarine sulcus was (15.24±2.67)mm, and the right one was (16.97±3.25)mm, which revealed great statistical significance (P＜0.000 1). The width of left calcarine sulcus was (3.14±0.91)mm, and it was (3.19± 0.83)mm in the right side. The bottom length of calcarine sulcus: the left was (86.47±16.85)mm, the right was (83.62±17.10)mm. The top length of calcarine sulcus: the left was (70.52±12.40)mm, the right was (64.90±15.17)mm. There were not statistical significance in width, bottom length and top length between left and right calcarine sulci. More than half of the end part of calcarine sulci turned to the lateral surface of cerebral hemisphere.Totally 63 cases (78.75%) were found with prominent calcar avis. Conclusion Significant difference of depth between left and right calcarine sulcus of female was found. Three-dimensional reconstruction is an effective method to study the anatomy of calcarine sulcus.

ObjectiveTo study the transcript atlas of cell immunity-associated genes in 8 liver cell types including hepatocytes, bile duct epithelial cells, oval cells, hepatic stellate cells, sinus endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, pit cells and dendritic cells from the rat regenerating liver. Methods Isolation of rat 8 liver cell types, detection of their genes expression change and the prediction physiological activities were accorded to cluster program, and the methods of bioinformation and systematic biology, and their gene expression patterns were analyzed by Microsoft Excel software. Results A total of 40 blood coagulation-associated genes yielded the meaningful expression changes in liver regeneration. Serpine1, a2m in eight liver cell types, vwf, klkb1 in seven liver cell types other than Kupffer cells, and other genes in the two or more liver cell types yielded the meaningful expression changes. It suggested that the synthesis of kallikrein and prothrombin、the formation of thrombin were enhanced at the priming and progressing phases of liver regeneration. The biological activities, such as fibrin monomer aggregated into fibrin polymers, were elevated at termination phase.Conclusion The rat liver regeneration is closely associated with the blood coagulation.

ObjectiveTo explore the correlation of unknown gene AI408225 and humoral immunity involved in rat regenerating liver. MethodsIsolation of rat 8 liver cell types, detection of their genes expression change were accorded to Percoll density gradient centrifugation combined with immune magnetic beads separation method, and their genes sequence homoeology and coexpression relation were analyzed by Microsoft Excel, BLAST software, and the prediction physiological activities were analyzed by bioinformatics and systematic biology. Results A total of 93 humoral immunity-ass ociated genes yielded the meaningful expression changes in liver regeneration, the corresponding gene numbers in 8 liver cell types included hepatocytes, bile duct epithelial cells, oval cells, hepatic stellate cells, sinus endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, pit cells and dendritic cells were 33, 46, 17, 59, 48, 35, 53, 68. Among that AI408225 and cd4 are homology and coexpression.Conclusion The rat liver regeneration is closely associated with humoral immunity, and AI408225 participates in the formation of compound of MHC II-antigen peptide-CD4-TCR.

ObjectiveTo study the transcript atlas of cell immunity-associated genes in 8 liver cell types including hepatocytes, bile duct epithelial cells, oval cells, hepatic stellate cells, sinus endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, pit cells and dendritic cells from the rat regenerating liver. Methods The 8 liver cell types were isolated respectively by Percoll density gradient centrifugation combined with immune magnetic beads separation method. Their expression changes in the regenerating livers were detected by Rat Genome 230 2.0 Array, the expression patterns and the predicted physiological activities of cell immunity-associated genes were analyzed by Cluster program, and the methods of bioinformation and systematic biology. Results A total of 40 cell immunity-associated genes yielded the meaningful expression changes in liver regeneration, the corresponding gene numbers in 8 liver cell types were 19, 19, 9, 19, 19, 21, 22 and 21, respectively. It suggested that the formation of antigen peptide-MHC complexes, the NF-κB kinase activity and the production of cytokines like IL-2 were enhanced at the priming and progressing phases of liver regeneration. The biological activities, such as NF-κB-promoting cell differentiation and caspase-induced T cell apoptosis, were elevated at termination phase.Conclusion The rat liver regeneration is associated with cell immunity.