OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work is to build a well-plate holder for in vitro gamma knife irradiation to cell lines and to verify its validity. METHODS: A well-plate holder for gamma ray irradiation to cell lines using gamma knife was made of acrylonitrile. Inside the holder, a hexahedral space was excavated to hold well plates. The actual radiation dose to cell lines was obtained by comparing the relative dose of the holder with the gamma knife quality assurance standard phantom. All parameters necessary for cell line irradiation were calculated using the commercial software, Leksell Gamma Plan(R) v5.32. Dose distribution was drawn to six and ninety-six wells to search for optimal parameters for cell line irradiation. RESULTS: The dose rate at the center of the well-plate holder was 94+/-4% of the standard phantom and resulting absolute dose at the central area was 2.1+/-0.1Gy/min. The dose distributions of our phantom was the same as that of the standard phantom in qualitative comparison using an image analyzing software. Appropriate isodose lines which fit with the practical situation were obtained with the 18mm collimator of the Gamma knife. CONCLUSION: Our results show that a well-plate holder for gamma knife irradiation is confident and accurate. It can be used for the study of in vitro cellular effects by gamma knife irradiation in the future.
Acrylonitrile ; Cell Line* ; Gamma Rays

Acrylonitrile ; poisoning ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Acrylonitrile ; toxicity ; Carcinogens ; toxicity ; Humans ; Mutagens ; toxicity ; Occupational Exposure

OBJECTIVETo establish a method for rapid determination of airborne acrylonitrile using a portable gas chromatograph.

METHODSA single standard sample of acrylonitrile was prepared in a laboratory and sampled by the built-in constant flow pump of the portable gas chromatograph. The sample was then preconcentrated by the preconcentrator, thermally desorbed, separated by capillary columns, and detected by a micro argon ionization detector to determine the retention time. Retention time was then used to perform qualitative analysis. Under the set condition of gas chromatography, the external standard method was used to create a standard curve for quantitative analysis of acrylonitrile.

RESULTSThe linear range of acrylonitrile on the portable gas chromatograph was 0.25 to 3.00 mg/m(3). The regression equation was y = 10(-5) x-0.0275, r = 0.9977. The limit of detection was 0.005 mg/m(3), and the lower limit of quantification was 0.25 mg/m(3). The relative standard deviation was lower than 7.09%, and the degree of accuracy was 91.09-105.54%.

CONCLUSIONPortable gas chromatography is a simple, repeatable, and accurate method for rapid determination of airborne acrylonitrile.

Acrylonitrile ; analysis ; Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Chromatography, Gas ; instrumentation ; Workplace

Acrylonitrile ; poisoning ; Acute Disease ; Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Parkinsonian Disorders ; chemically induced

Acrylonitrile ; poisoning ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases ; therapy

The hydration reaction by microbial method is the crisis of the procedure of acrylamide production from acrylonitrile. This research studied the enzyme catalytic kinetics and de-active kinetics of nitrile hydratase in the type of free cell. Firstly, the effects of the concentration of cells, the temperature, pH value, the concentration of acrylonitrile and the concentration of acrylamide on the activity of nitrile hydratase was investigated. The result is that the temperature and the concentration of acrylamide are the most important among these factors. The activity of the nitrile hydratase was 5659 u/mL (broth) at 28 degrees C; the counterpart was only 663 u/mL (broth) at 5 degrees C. And the activity of NHase in solution of 45% acrylamide was just about half of that in solution of 5% acrylamide. After study on the relation of temperature and the reaction speed, It was found that the activation energy of the hydration of NHase was 65.57 kJ.mol-1. This paper studied the effects of concentration of cells, temperature, pH value, concentrations of acrylonitrile and acrylamide on the deactivation of Nhase, as well as the related enzyme de-active kinetics. The result also showed that the temperature and the concentration of acrylamide are the most important among these factors. In solution of 35% acrylamide, the residual activity was about 0% of the original value after 55 h; but in solution of 10% acrylamide, after the same period of time, the residual activity was 50% of the original one. It was also found that the concentration of acrylonitrile had little effect on the stability of NHase. The coefficient of deactivation at 28 degrees C was 21.77 times of the one at 5 degrees C. Correlating the temperature and the coefficient of deactivation, the activation energy of the de-active reaction was found to be 92.28 kJ.mol-1.
Acrylamide ; metabolism ; Acrylonitrile ; metabolism ; Catalysis ; Hydro-Lyases ; metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kinetics ; Rhodococcus ; enzymology ; Temperature

Acrylonitrile ; toxicity ; Animals ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Testis ; drug effects ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of acrylonitrile on T lymphocyte subsets, expression of toll-like receptor 4 and related cytokines in rats.

METHODSSixty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 female groups and 4 male groups, and there were 8 rats in each group. Rats in each group were respectively given a single dose of 0, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg acrylonitrile by gavage, once a day, 5 days a week, for 13 weeks. Blood and spleen T lymphocyte subsets was detected by flow cytometry, the mRNA expression of TLR4, IL-1β and TNF-α was analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR, the protein expression of TLR4 was evaluated by Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with control group, the percentages of blood CD3, CD4 T cells in 20 mg/kg female group and CD4/CD8 ratio in 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg female groups was significantly decreased, CD8 T cells in 20 mg/kg group was significantly increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), blood CD3 T cells in 5 mg/kg male group, CD4 T cells and CD4/CD8 ratio in 20 mg/kg male groups were lower than that of control group, CD8 T cells in 20 mg/kg make group was significantly in oreased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Spleen CD4, CD8 T lymphocyte percentages and CD4/CD8 ratio in 20 mg/kg female group decreased significantly, CD8 T cells in 20 mg/kg male group was significantly increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), spleen CD3, CD4, CD8 T cells in 20 mg/kg male group and CD4/CD8 ratio in 10, 20 mg/kg male groups was also significantly decreased, CD3 T cells in 20 mg/kg and CD8 T cells in 10, 20 mg/kg male groups were significantly increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) (TLR4 mRNA was lower expressed in 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg male groups and 10 mg/kg female group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and TLR4 protein in 5 mg/kg female group and 20 mg/kg male group was significantly lower than control group (P < 0.05). The expression level of IL-1β mRNA was significantly decreased in 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg female group and 5, 10 mg/kg male group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), TNF-α mRNA was lower expressed in 10, 20 mg/kg female groups and 5, 10 mg/kg male groups (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAcrylonitrile may lead to the changes of CD3, CD4, CD8 T lymphocyte percentages and CD4/CD8 ratio in rat blood and spleen, and also significantly effected the expression level of TLR4 mRNA and protein together with the secretion of IL-1β, TNF-α. This may cause effects on the cellular immune function.

Acrylonitrile ; toxicity ; Animals ; Female ; Interleukin-1beta ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; drug effects ; immunology ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of acrylonitrile (ACN) to cell growth, apoptosis, proliferation and related gene expression of rat normal glial cells (DI TNC1) and tumor glial cells (C6).

METHODSThe concentration of ACN on DI TNC1 and C6 were 25, 50 and 75 microg/ml. For cell growth, proliferation and apoptosis assay, the treated time was 24 hours, for microarray assay, the treated time was 4 and 24 hours.

RESULTSAfter treatment of DI TNC1 cell with 25,50 and 75 microg/ml ACN, the DNA synthesis index were decreased 93.1%, 81.3% and 74.9% as compared to control respectively, the apoptosis index was increased 118%, 122% and 143% as compared to controls respectively. The DNA synthesis and apoptosis indexes of C6 cell showed no change after treatment with ACN. The cell cycle and apoptosis pathway related genes, such as cyclin and p53, also showed changes after treatment with ACN.

CONCLUSIONACN inhibited the cell proliferation of DI TNC1, induced the apoptosis of DI TNC1 and had no effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis of C6 cells, and the related regulation gene expression changes further confirmed the results.

Acrylonitrile ; toxicity ; Air Pollutants ; toxicity ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Gene Expression ; Neuroglia ; cytology ; drug effects ; Rats ; Tumor Cells, Cultured