No abstract available.
Acrosome Reaction* ; Acrosome* ; Male ; Semen*

OBJECTIVE: This study has been carried out to evaluation the effect of fertilization promoting peptide (FPP) on the kinematic parameters, capacitation and acrosome reaction of the frozen-thawed human spermatozoa. METHODS: After FPP treatment, we examined kinematic parameters, capacitation and acrosome reaction, using the methods of computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) and chlortetracycline (CTC) fluorescence analysis. RESULTS: We have obtained the evidence that FPP can promote the capacitation and inhibit the spontaneous acrosome reaction of frozen-thawed human spermatozoa in vitro. Fpp (25~100 nM) induced a significant increase in the proportion of B-pattern capacitated spermatozoa, and a significant decrease in the proportion of F-pattern uncapacitated ones without significant stimulation of acrosomal exocytosis. In the kinematic parameters treatment, FPP treated groups maintained higher LIN, BCF and STR than those of control. The VAP, VSL, VCL and ALH were not different. Therefore it is suggested that FPP in human seminal plasma may play a positive role in promoting human sperm function.
Acrosome Reaction* ; Acrosome* ; Chlortetracycline ; Exocytosis ; Fertilization* ; Fluorescence ; Humans* ; Male ; Semen ; Spermatozoa*

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the application of Coomassie brilliant blue (CBB) G250 staining for the detection of human sperm deformity rate, rate of intact acrosome and acrosome reaction.

METHODSThe smear of spermatozoa before and after capacitation and induced acrosome reaction with progesterone (P) were stained with 0.05% CBB G250 and Wright-Giemisa solution respectively, and visualized with light microscopy. The deformity rate of spermatozoa, rate of intact acrosome and acrosome reaction were calculated.

RESULTSThere was no any difference in detection of deformity rate of spermatozoa and rate of intact acrosome with CBB G250 and Wright-Giemisa staining(P < 0.05). The sperm population of acrosome reaction with induced P was divided by CBB staining into two types: positive staining with dark violet blue on acrosome cap and pale or negative staining on the same area. The rate of the latter was increasing with increasing inductive time, maybe representative of the rate of acrosome reaction. The mean rate was(75.1 +/- 3.8)% after induced for 1 h.

CONCLUSIONSCBB G250 staining is a reliable method for assessment of the human sperm morphology and acrosome reaction.

Acrosome ; metabolism ; Acrosome Reaction ; Humans ; Male ; Rosaniline Dyes ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Spermatozoa ; cytology ; enzymology ; Staining and Labeling

SUMMARY: Some of the information concerning sexual function in the male diabetes has been focused upon the problems of endocrine or semen parameters. However, the characteristics of acrosome reaction and spermatozoa concentration at the epididymis and vas deferens have scarcely been studied, and the causes of the infertility has not been critically identified. So, we designed to inspect the spermatozoa concentration and the characteristics of acrosome reaction at epididymis and was deferens of diabetic Wistar rat induced by streptozotocin (STZ, 70 mg/kg, ip). Experimental animal was sacrificed at 3 days and 14 days after the STZ injection. In the diabetes-induced rat, the levels of insulin and glucose had a pattern of inverse proportion. The spermatozoa concentrations in caput and corpus epididymis were significantly decreased in all diabetic condition. In cauda epididymis, however, there was significant decrease in sperm concentration at 14 days onward. In diabetic rat, the spontaneous reaction rate of spermatozoa of cauda and was deferens were significantly higher than the control group. The ARIC (acrosome reaction to ionophore challenge) value of caudal sperm was 28.7 at control, 22.1 at 3 days, and 8.3 at 14 days. In the present study the spermatozoa concentration was decreased and the spontaneous reaction rate was increased by diabetes. In ARIC-test, it is revealed that the fertility of spermatozoa of 14 days group was lower than control or 3 days group. Diabetes mellitus may be provoke the decreased fertilization rate and subsequent infertility.
Acrosome Reaction* ; Acrosome* ; Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Epididymis ; Fertility ; Fertilization ; Glucose ; Humans ; Infertility ; Insulin ; Male ; Rats* ; Semen ; Spermatozoa* ; Streptozocin ; Vas Deferens

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of seminal vesicle fluid (SVF) on the acrosome reaction (AR) occurred spontaneously or induced by Ca2+ ionophore A23187, follicular fluid, and progesterone in mouse epididymal sperm. SVF was divided into high (MW>10 kM)) and low (MW<10 kD) fractions by ultrafiltration. The low MW fraction of SVF decreased the rate of spontaneous AR, however the high MW fraction did not. It suggested that the low MW fraction of SVF might have contained decapacitation factor(s) responsible for prolonging of time need for capacitation. When sperm preincubated for 60 min in the presence of SVF, the rate of AR induced by A23187 was decreased, but prolongation of preincubation time for 120 min significantly potentiated the AR by A23187. It suggested that addition of SVF into sperm preincubation medium imposed the epididymal sperm a condition similar to ejaculation. AR induced by human follicular fluid or progesterone was also inhibited by SVF. It suggested that substance in SVF might have affected AR of mouse sperm by inhibiting the interaction between AR inducing ligands and sperm surface receptors involved in acrosomal exocytosis.
Acrosome Reaction* ; Acrosome* ; Animals ; Calcimycin ; Ejaculation ; Exocytosis ; Female ; Follicular Fluid ; Humans ; Ligands ; Male ; Mice* ; Progesterone ; Seminal Vesicles* ; Spermatozoa* ; Ultrafiltration

It has been reported that the Ca2+-ATPase and the Ca2+-Na+exchanger play an important role for the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ in somatic cells, the Ca2+-ATPase located in the plasma membrane helps the Ca2+ concentration in maintain low [Ca2+]i. Roldan & Fleming reported that the spermatozoan Ca2+-ATPase plays an important role in the capacitation and acrosome reaction. We used to assess Ca2+ changes by chlortetracycline (CTC) patterns in the capacitation and acrosome reaction of human and hamster spermatozoa. In the present study applying quercetin which has been known as an ATPase antagonist, the enzymatic effect of Ca2+-ATPase on capacitation and acrosome reaction was found to be remarkable: a significant increase of the transformation from the original type to the B type and the AR type of spermatozoa. This finding suggests that Ca2+-ATPase play an important role in the efflux and the influx of the Ca2+ which have been known to be an essential factor for the capacitation and acrosome reaction, and that the inhibitory action of the Ca2+-ATPase might be a prerequsit step toward the capacitation and acrosome reaction. In conclusion, this study suggest the considerable evidence as follows: the increment of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration occurred by controlling the slope of Ca2+ concentration through Ca2+-ATPase activites in both the intracellular and extracellulr fluid may be important procedures for the capacitation and the acrosome reaction, and finally for fertilization of the sperm and ovum.
Acrosome Reaction* ; Acrosome* ; Adenosine Triphosphatases ; Animals ; Cell Membrane ; Chlortetracycline* ; Cricetinae ; Fertilization ; Fluorescence* ; Humans ; Male ; Ovum ; Quercetin ; Spermatozoa

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of anti-sperm antibody (ASA) on the fertilization processes using conventional IVF and ICSI procedure in human and hamster oocytes. In human IVF, we have observed restricted fertilization with sperm testing positive for ASA. (23~90% IgA, 60-97 % IgG). However, if ICSI was perform in the next IVF cycle with the same patients, we could successfully fertilize the oocytes (37%; p<0.001), thus achieving pregnancy and delivery. When the sperm were cocultured in medium containing ASA, there were binding of ASA to sperm surface. In addition, the mean rate of the acrosomal reaction in an in vitro acrosome reaction test was lower for Ab-bound sperm (43.5%) than for Ab-free sperm group (51.3%, p<0.05). We used human sperm and hamster oocytes to confirm the negative effects of the ASA on fertilization. The sperm and/or oocytes have been expose to medium containing ASA before IVF and ICSI. In this experiment, the ASA was bound to the oocyte and sperm surface. The following results were obtain by using various combinations of ASA free or ASA bound sperm with ASA free or ASA bound oocytes for IVF. When ASA free sperm were inseminate with ASA free and ASA bound hamster oocytes, the fertilization rates are 89.6% and 74.3% respectively. However, when ASA bound human sperm were use the results were 62.5% and 55.6% respectively. These shows the fertilization rate was significantly decreased in both ASA bound and ASA free oocytes when using ASA bound sperm. No difference found when ASA are present on the oocyte surface. When the hamster oocytes was treated by ICSI with ASA free or ASA bound human spermatozoa, no significant difference was found. These results showed that ICSI is the most promising method for couples who fertilization was not possible by conventional IVF because of ASA.
Acrosome Reaction ; Animals ; Antibodies* ; Cricetinae ; Family Characteristics ; Fertilization ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; Oocytes ; Pregnancy ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic* ; Spermatozoa

This study was performed to determine the effects of nitric oxide on human sperm cell function. Semen samples were obtained from normal healthy volunteers. Motile spermatozoas collected by swim-up method were incubated up to 24 hours in Ham's F-10 medium supplemented with a various concentration of sodium nitroprusside (nitric oxide releasing agent). Sperm motility, hyperactivation, acrosome reaction rate, and acrosin activity were determined. The results are as follows; 1. 1mM of SNP resulted in a significant decrease in sperm motility (44.8%+/- 8.9%:78.1%+/-6.3%, and hyperactivation (10.4%+/-6.4%:477%+/-9.5%) after incubation for 3 hours compared with the control group (Ham's F-10 alone), but had no effect on acrosome reaction. 2. At 100muM SNP, sperm motility was reduced after incubation for 6 hours (54.8%+/- 3.2%) compared with that of the control group (82.7% +/- 8.9%), but hyperactivation and acrosome reaction were not affected. 3. However, a lower concentration (less than 101M) of SNP had no effect on sperm motility and hyperactivation for 8 hours of incubation but significantly decreased them when incubation periods were increased up to 24 hours compared with the control group. On the other hand, 1muM and l0muM SNP significantly increased the acrosome reaction rate in both acrosomal status (17.3%+/-5.2%,23.5%+/-4.7%, respectively) and acrosin activity (34.3muIU+/- 10.5muIU, 45.6muIU+/-5.6muIU, respectively) as compared with the control group (7.0%+/-4.0%, 9.5muIU+/-3.4muIU). These results indicate that SNP, NO releasing agent, has a dose-dependent effects on the sperm cell function. Therefore it may positively affect the fertilization by promoting acrosomal reaction at a lower concentration (less than 101M).
Acrosin ; Acrosome Reaction ; Fertilization ; Hand ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans* ; Nitric Oxide* ; Nitroprusside ; Semen ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa*

Sexual reproduction is marked by the fusion of the sperm cell with the oocyte during fertilization to produce the diploid zygote, in which the lipids in the sperm plasma membrane play an important role. Due to the loss of most cell organelles and DNA transcription, spermatozoa lack protein expression and vesicular transport. However, the lipids of the sperm plasma membrane undergo complicated dynamic changes, which may facilitate the capacitation, binding with zona pellucida, acrosome reaction and fusion of the sperm cell with the oocyte. This paper summarizes the progress in the studies of the lipids in the sperm plasma membrane, their composition, structure, peroxidation, metabolism and role in fertilization.
Acrosome Reaction ; Animals ; Cell Membrane ; chemistry ; Fertilization ; Humans ; Male ; Membrane Lipids ; metabolism ; Sperm Capacitation ; Spermatozoa ; chemistry

Zona pellucida (ZP) plays a key role in the recognition, combination and penetration of sperms and oocytes, the prevention of multiple impregnation, the protection of embryos, and so on. The paper reviews the constitution, molecular structure, biological function and application of zona pellucida in male fertilization.
Acrosome Reaction ; physiology ; Animals ; Female ; Fertility ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Molecular Structure ; Zona Pellucida ; chemistry ; physiology