According to HIV/AIDS being infectious and have a very long period of incubation, leading to immune system weakened and infected easily, we summarized its pathmechanism including Yuan Qi deficiency (vigour deficiency)and constraint (Qi depression,blood stagnancy, phlegm coagulation, poison accumulation), consequently treatment principle were raised--cultivates the Yuan and clear blockage. From viscera and Qi, blood, Yin and Yang perspective, we elaborate corresponding clinical application method and train of thought, that cultivating the Yuan method means tonify Qi firstly which emphasizes on the spleen and the kidney; Clear blockage method contains relieving liver for smooth Qi, invigorating spleen to remove phlem, promoting blood circulation and detoxification. In addition, cultivating the Yuan and clear blockage should cooperate closely based on traditional Chinese medicine diffrentiation, tonify deficiency should not used individually and vice verse.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; etiology ; immunology ; therapy ; Humans ; Life Style ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Qi

In recent years, Chinese medicine have gotten certain experience and made progress on the treatment of AIDS. Focus on AIDS main pathogenic factors of epidemic toxin and key pathogenesis of "epidemic toxin invasion, vital-Qi deficiency", this paper discuss on Chinese medicine theory of AIDS etiology and pathogenesis, and put forward the theory of "preventive treatment of disease" and enhanced the importance of "strengthening body resistance and eliminating evil" in the treatment of AIDS.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; etiology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; virology ; HIV ; physiology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods

OBJECTIVETo monitor the current HIV prevalence, related risk behaviors and factors for HIV infection among the elderly male clients of the commercial female sex-workers (CFSW)in Guangxi.

METHODSFace to face interview on male clients aged ≥40 years old was carried out in April to July, 2012. Information on demography, awareness of HIV prevention, related risk behaviors, history on HIV testing etc. were collected, with 3-5 ml full blood collected for testing on HIV. Data was analyzed by SPSS 18.0 software.

RESULTS4260 clients were surveyed at 14 surveillance sites in which 82.1% had received secondary or lower education, 72.0% experienced commercial sex in places with low-class sex trade. HIV awareness rate of clients was 74.2% in which the rate of clients who were HIV positive was 65.8%. Among all the clients, 73 were detected as HIV positive, with the HIV positive rate as 1.40% . Samples from voluntary counseling and testing sites showed higher risk to HIV infection than from other sources (OR = 23.672, 95%CI:4.984-112.434). Samples from middle class population showed lower risk to HIV infection than those at low class (OR = 0.410, 95%CI:0.190-0.885). Among those who were syphilis negative (OR = 0.255, 95%CI: 0.132-0.491) or hepatitis C virus (HCV)negative (OR = 0.154, 95% CI:0.059-0.401), the risk of getting HIV infected seemed to be low. Rate on condom use was low for clients among all of the sex-related behaviors regardless of the marriage status. In those lower-class sex trade places, lower rate on the condom use was seen. Rate for previous HIV testing for clients was only 4.6% . Among 41 clients who had received CD4 testing, 80.5% of them showed CD4 under 350 cell/µl, 61.0% were under 200 cell/µl.

CONCLUSIONThe HIV positive rate for elderly male clients of the CFSWs was high in Guangxi. Unprotective sexual contact with low class sex workers was the most important risk factor for HIV infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Unsafe Sex

OBJECTIVETo study the pathogenesis role of immune system activation in AIDS related Kaposi's sarcoma(AIDS-KS).

METHODSThe serum levels of sFas, beta 2-microglobin, IL-10, IL-16, IL-18, IL-6 and sIL-4R were detected by ELISA in 8 AIDS-KS patients, 28 patients with HIV infection but without Kaposi's sarcoma(HIV-NKS) and 16 normal controls. The lymphocyte and their subsets, CD38(+) CD8, HLA-DR(+)CD8 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMCs) in 12 AIDS-KS and 32 HIV-NKS were detected by flow cytometer.

RESULTSBeta 2-MG and sIL-4R in HIV-NKS were significantly higher than those in normal controls(P<0.05), IL-16 in HIV-NKS was significantly lower than that in controls(P<0.05). IL-18 was higher in both AIDS-KS and HIV-NKS compared with normal controls. In AIDS-KS, CD3, CD4, CD8, NK and HLA-DR(+)CD8 were lower than those in HIV-NKS whereas CD19 and CD38(+)CD8 were higher than those in HIV-NKS. But the difference was not statistically(P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONAlthough both AIDS-KS and HIV-NKS demonstrate some activation of immune system, there appears to be no significant difference between immune responses in KS and NKS patients. These data suggest that the activation of the immune system is unlikely to contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of AIDS-KS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; complications ; immunology ; Cytokines ; blood ; HLA-DR Antigens ; blood ; Humans ; Interleukin-16 ; blood ; Sarcoma, Kaposi ; etiology ; immunology

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) has been described in patients with advanced stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, but rarely occurs during the seroconversion stage of acute HIV infection. We report a case of acute HIV syndrome that presented with virus-associated HLH. The patient recovered spontaneously without any immunomodulating therapy. This case suggests that acute HIV infection should be included in the differential diagnosis of HLH and indicates that HLH associated with acute HIV infection can have a favorable outcome.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications/*diagnosis ; Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; HIV Infections/complications/*diagnosis ; Humans ; Korea ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/etiology/*pathology ; Male

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic infectious disease, which the patients are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV damages the human's immune function and causes CD4 cell decline in the number and function. Immune reconstitution is an important treatment to AIDS. Bone marrow transplantation, adoptive immune cell therapy and cytokines infusion can all assist the immune reconstitution; highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can effectively control the virus replication and benefit the immune reconstitution. HAART combined with immunotherapy is an important method of immune reconstitution in AIDS patients. Chinese medicine is playing a more and more important role in immune reconstitution. Immune reconstitution has always been effective in the whole treatment of AIDS.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; drug therapy ; etiology ; immunology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Prescription Drugs ; therapeutic use

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; complications ; Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Male ; Mycoses ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Penicillium ; isolation & purification ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

This article summarized circumstances and influential factors of post-transfusion HIV/AIDS in recent years. Laws and regulations were emphasized in respective duties of every blood transfusion related departments. The strictly controlled imported blood products, carefully blood screening on donor, standardized blood products, tightened control on indication of use of blood, and finally, carefully told rare-happened HIV/AIDS to recipients were the key measures to avoid forensic cases of post-transfusion HIV/AIDS. Main evidences in Medical legal identification of post-transfusion HIV/AIDS were also proposed.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/etiology* ; Blood Donors ; Expert Testimony/legislation & jurisprudence* ; Forensic Medicine ; HIV Infections/transmission* ; Humans ; Transfusion Reaction

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections ; diagnosis ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; complications ; Diagnostic Imaging ; methods ; Humans ; Nervous System Diseases ; diagnosis ; etiology

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; complications ; epidemiology ; Africa ; epidemiology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; etiology ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome