A 41-year-old heterosexual African man was evaluated for persistent urethral discharge, pneumaturia and watery diarrhea. Radiographic and endoscopic procedures established the diagnosis of a rectourethral fistula. The differential diagnosis of an acquired rectourethral fistula and the significance of AIDS are discussed.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications ; Adult ; Case Report ; Diverticulum/*complications/diagnosis ; Human ; Male ; Rectal Fistula/*complications/diagnosis ; Urethral Diseases/*complications/diagnosis

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) has been described in patients with advanced stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, but rarely occurs during the seroconversion stage of acute HIV infection. We report a case of acute HIV syndrome that presented with virus-associated HLH. The patient recovered spontaneously without any immunomodulating therapy. This case suggests that acute HIV infection should be included in the differential diagnosis of HLH and indicates that HLH associated with acute HIV infection can have a favorable outcome.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications/*diagnosis ; Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; HIV Infections/complications/*diagnosis ; Humans ; Korea ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/etiology/*pathology ; Male

Cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) is the commonest opportunistic ocular infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), typically occurs when CD4+ T cell counts fall below 50/mm3. CMVR accounts for the majority of the vision loss associated with HIV-related eye diseases. However progress in the studies on CMVR, including the prevalence, clinical features, differential diagnosis and recent advances in the management of CMVR is reviewed.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; complications ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Cytomegalovirus Retinitis ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; HIV Infections ; complications ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo norm the behavior of AIDS cough in traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment and improve the clinical level of cough treatment for HIV/AIDS, and build AIDS cough diagnosis and treatment procedures in traditional Chinese medicine.

METHODCombined with clinical practice,to formulate questionnaire on AIDS cough in traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment by both English and Chinese literature research to expertise consultation and verify the results of the questionnaires on the statistics using the Delphi method.

RESULTQuestionnaire contents consist of overview, pathogeny, diagnosis standard, dialectical medication (phlegm heat resistance pulmonary lung and kidney Yin deficiency lung spleen-deficiency), treating spleen-deficiency (lung), moxibustion treatment and aftercare care and diet and mental, average (2.93-3.00), full mark rate (93.10%-100%) ranks average (9.91-10.67) and (287.50-309.50) of which are the most high value, and the variation coefficient is 0.00, the Kendall coefficient (Kendalls W) is 0.049 which is statistical significance, the questionnaire reliability value of alpha was 0.788.

CONCLUSIONPreliminary standarded concept, etiology and pathogenesis, diagnosis and syndrome differentiation treatment of AIDS cough, basically recognised by the experts in this field, and laid the foundation of traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment on develop the AIDS cough specifications.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; complications ; Cough ; complications ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; standards ; Reference Standards ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients with compromised immunity are prone to hemophagocytic syndrome secondary to opportunistic infections.This paper reports a rare case of hemophagocytic syndrome secondary to human parvovirus B19 infection in an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient,and analyzes the clinical characteristics,aiming to improve the diagnosis and treatment of the disease and prevent missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.
Humans ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/drug therapy* ; Erythema Infectiosum/complications* ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications* ; Parvoviridae Infections/diagnosis* ; Parvovirus B19, Human

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; complications ; Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Male ; Mycoses ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Penicillium ; isolation & purification ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections ; diagnosis ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; complications ; Diagnostic Imaging ; methods ; Humans ; Nervous System Diseases ; diagnosis ; etiology

OBJECTIVETo understand the high incidence of pharyngeal ulcer in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). By analyzing the clinical features in AIDS patients with pharyngeal ulcer, this study provided reference for clinicians.

METHODSTwenty AIDS patients with pharyngeal ulcer were retrospectively analysed to explore its clinical features and mechanism, and to explore the feasible therapeutic methods.

RESULTSThe patients generally had severe sore throat and dysphagia for 7 days to 8 months, resulting in significant weight loss. Common therapeutical method does not work. The ulcers developed mainly at vestibule of pharynx (10 cases), tonsil (3 cases), epiglottis (3 cases) and pyriform sinus (2 cases). Ulcer types included major aphthous ulcer (MaAU, 14 cases), fungal ulcer (2 cases), herpes zoster (1 case), ulcer secondary to drug eruption(1 case ), and lymphoma(2 cases). The disease course was long with CD4(+) T lymphocytes decreased significantly. Treatment was given with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HARRT), regulation of immune function, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti fungal. Treatment lasted from 2 weeks to 3 months, ulcer healed in 13 cases; 1 patient lost to follow-up, 6 patients dead.

CONCLUSIONSThe manifestation of pharyngeal ulcer in AIDS patients has its particularity. It is often associated with a variety of opportunistic infection and tumors. Local treatment is preferred. HAART therapy and systemic comprehensive treatment play more important and effective role. Pharyngeal ulcer persists for a long time, complicated with fever, diarrhea and other symptoms. The history of blood transfusion, injection drug use or unsafe sexual behavior may predict HIV infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; complications ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oral Ulcer ; complications ; diagnosis ; Pharyngeal Diseases ; complications ; diagnosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Ulcer ; complications ; Young Adult

The incidence of opportunistic infection has decreased since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy, so lymphoma is now far and away the most lethal complication of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. We have experienced four cases of NHL in AIDS patients. The first patient was a 37 year old male who presented with left sided hemiplegia due to CNS lymphoma. The second patient was a 40 year old male who was admitted because of jaundice; he was diagnosed as having lymphoma that exclusively involved the liver. The third patient was a 38-year-old male who presented with palpable mass in the left cervical region, which was diagnosed as lymphoma. Above three cases were confirmed as diffuse large B cell lymphoma. The fourth patient presented with a protruding swollen chest wall mass on the right side of his chest, this was determined pathologically to be the Burkitt's type. The latter case is the first report of NHL involving the chest wall musculature in a Korean AIDS patient.
Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Male ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/*complications/diagnosis ; Humans ; Fatal Outcome ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Biopsy ; Aged ; Adult ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications/diagnosis

This paper presents a case of cardiac tamponade with idiopathic hemorrhagic pericarditis as the initial symptom of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. A 29-year-old male came to the emergency room with a sudden onset of dizziness. Upon arrival, he was hypotensive although not tachycardic, and his jugular venous pressure was not elevated. His chest X-rays revealed a mild cardiomegaly. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a large amount of pericardial effusion with a diastolic collapse of the right ventricle, a dilated inferior vena cava with little change in respiration, and exaggerated respiratory variation of mitral inflow velocities, representing echocardiographic evidence of cardiac tamponade. After pericardiocentesis, his blood pressure improved to 110/70 mmHg without inotropics support. Serial 12-lead electrocardiograms during hospitalization revealed upwardly concave diffuse ST-segment elevation followed by a T-wave inversion suggestive of acute pericarditis. Pericardial fluid cytology and cultures for bacteria, mycobacteria, adenovirus, and fungus were all negative. HIV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was positive and confirmed by Western blot. The CD4 cell count was 168/mm3. Finally, the diagnosis of cardiac tamponade due to HIV-associated hemorrhagic pericarditis was made. It was concluded that HIV infection should be considered in the diagnosis of unexplained pericardial effusion or cardiac tamponade in Korea.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*diagnosis/*pathology ; Acute Disease ; Adult ; Cardiac Tamponade/*complications/*diagnosis ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Male ; Pericarditis/*complications/*diagnosis