The effect of orthodontic force on the collagenase and phosphatase activities of the adjacent alveolar bone was evaluated. Maxillary canines of male cats were treated orthodontically with closed coil spring so as to exert about 80g force. Sixteen cats were equally divided into one control group and seven experimental groups (12 hrs, 24 hrs, 36 hrs, 2 days, 3 days, 5 days and 7 days after orthodontic treatment). After sacrificing all animals on experimental intervals, collagenase, acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were determined in the pressure and tension sides of alveolar bones. ACP activities increased in both the pressure and tension sides, but significantly increased in the pressure side continuously. ALP activities increased in the tension side at early stage (1-2 days after treatment), but changed small amount in the pressure side. Collagenase activities increased in the pressure side, especially at late stage (5-7 days after treatment). These results suggest that (1) orthodontic force increases the ACP, ALP and collagenase activities generally and (2) activities of ACP and collagenase increase in the pressure side, but that of ALP in the tension side and (3) activities of ACP and ALP increase at early stage, but that of collagenase at late stage after orthodontic treatment. Therefore it is shown that there are time differences in the formation and destruction of organic and inorganic components in the bone metabolism of alveolus with application of the orthodontic forces.
Acid Phosphatase ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Cats ; Collagenases ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolism

OBJECTIVESTo construct the cancellous bone explant model and a method of culturing these bone tissues in vitro, and to investigate the effect of mechanical load on growth of cancellous bone tissue in vitro.

METHODSCancellous bone were extracted from rabbit femoral head and cut into 1-mm-thick and 8-mm-diameter slices under sterile conditions. HE staining and scanning electron microscopy were employed to identify the histomorphology of the model after being cultured with a new dynamic load and circulating perfusion bioreactor system for 0, 3, 5, and 7 days, respectively. We built a three-dimensional model using microCT and analyzed the loading effects using finite element analysis. The model was subjected to mechanical load of 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 με respectively for 30 minutes per day. After 5 days of continuous stimuli, the activities of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) were detected. Apoptosis was analyzed by DNA ladder detection and caspase-3/8/9 activity detection.

RESULTSAfter being cultured for 3, 5, and 7 days, the bone explant model grew well. HE staining showed the apparent nucleus in cells at the each indicated time, and electron microscope revealed the living cells in the bone tissue. The activities of AKP and TRAP in the bone explant model under mechanical load of 3000 and 4000 με were significantly lower than those in the unstressed bone tissues (all P<0.05). DNA ladders were seen in the bone tissue under 3000 and 4000 με mechanical load. Moreover, there was significant enhancement in the activities of caspase-3/8/9 in the mechanical stress group of 3000 and 4000 με(all P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe cancellous bone explant model extracted from the rabbit femoral head could be alive at least for 7 days in the dynamic load and circulating perfusion bioreactor system, however, pathological mechanical load could affect the bone tissue growth by apoptosis in vitro. The differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts might be inhibited after the model is stimulated by mechanical load of 3000 and 4000 με.

Acid Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Bone Development ; Caspases ; metabolism ; Finite Element Analysis ; Isoenzymes ; metabolism ; Male ; Rabbits ; Stress, Mechanical ; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase ; X-Ray Microtomography

Two strains of bean rhizobia, Rhizobium vigna 01 (slow-growing Rhizobium) and Rh. vigna 03 (fast-growing Rhizobium), were adopted to study allelopathic effect of artemisinin on the rhizobia. The results showed a significant inhibition of the reproduction and growth of rhizobium by artemisinin. After about 8 hours by adding 40 mg x L(-1) artemisinin into the culture medium, the number of rhizobia was less than half of those in normal culture. The utilization of sucrose and glucose by rhizobia decreased significantly as the concentration of artemisinin increased in the culture medium, which could be one of the main reasons for the inhibition of reproduction and growth of rhizobia by artemisinin. In addition, the activities of extracellular protease and acid phosphatase released from rhizobia decreased significantly as the concentrations of artemisinin increased. Artemisinin refluxed from Artemisia annua could thus inhibit the formation of root nodules and interfered with energy supply and reception between bacteroid and host cells. y = e(-ax) + b reflected the relationships between nitrogenase activities (y) and concentrations of artemisinin (x). In the culture medium with 48 mg x L(-1) of artemisinin, nitrogenase activities were about zero, resulting in the inactivation of nitrogenase in nodules formed. In general, artemisin in A. annua grown soils may inhibit the reproduction and growth of rhizobia, nodule formation and nitrogen biofixation, leading to less nitrogen supply, poor growth and development, and low yields of beans.
Acid Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Artemisinins ; pharmacology ; Carbon ; metabolism ; Peptide Hydrolases ; metabolism ; Rhizobium ; drug effects ; growth & development

Acid Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Carcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of substance P (SP) on the functional proteins on plasma membrane of neutrophil (Np).

METHODThe response of Np to SP was examined by measuring the level of respiratory burst, the activities of ACP and ALP, the fluoroscopy intensity of CR3, CD45 and FM-LP.

RESULTSIt was found that SP could increase respiratory burst of Np, decrease the activity of acid phosphatase (ACP), but had no effect on alkaline phosphatase (ALP). SP could also promote the amount of CD45, complement receptor type 3 (CR3) and N-Formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP) receptors.

CONCLUSIONThe results showed that the effects of SP on functional proteins in human Np membrane were universality and diversity. It implied that SP could affect various inflammation responses in Np.

Acid Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins ; physiology ; Neutrophils ; metabolism ; Respiratory Burst ; Substance P ; pharmacology

Group totalling 55 young rabbits (both sexes), whose right optic nerves had been severed intraorbitally, were fed for 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks respectively. The retina of the left eye was used as a control and that of the right eye for the experiment. The histochemical changes of cholinesterase, acid phosphatase and ribonucleic acid in the reitna after to severance of the optic nerve were observed for 8 weeks after section. In the retina of the young rabbit, whose visual connection to the central nervous system was blocked, there was a decreasing specific cholinesterase activity beginning at the 4th week after the section of it. By the 8th week, the enzyme activity in the perikaryon of the ganglion cell and the inner plexiform layer was considerably decreased. Acid phosphatase activity in the young rabbit's retina peaked at the 2nd week, but decreaseed below normal after the 4th week. This rapid decline of acid phosphatase activity was characteristic in the experimental retinae and was in contrast to the rather slow alteration of enzymatic activity in neurons undergoing wallerian degeneration. Pyroninophilic granules contained in neural cytoplasm of the retina were affected by the surgical blocking of the visual connection with the central nervous system. By the 4th week the granules had partially disappeared from the perikaryon of the ganglion cell and from the inner nuclear layer. Consequently, as the result of histochemical studies, firstly it is postulated that the gradual decline of specific cholinesterase activity in the rabbit's retina was closely related to the intraorbital blocking of the optic nerve, and secondly, that the typical degeneration of the ganglion cell in the ganglion cell layer (which was associated with a partial disappearance of the ganglion cell) was related to the changes in the acid phosphatase activity and alteration of the pyroninophilic granules in the retina following optic nerve transection.
Acid Phosphatase/metabolism* ; Animal ; Cholinesterases/metabolism* ; Histocytochemistry ; Nerve Degeneration ; Neurons/enzymology ; Optic Nerve/surgery* ; Rabbits ; Retina/enzymology* ; Substances: ; Cholinesterases ; Acid Phosphatase

OBJECTIVETo study immunomodulating activity of Lonicera Japonica flavone by investigating immune enzymatic activity of serum and antoxidized activity of lymphoid organs in mice.

METHODSFifty KM mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, low dose group, middle dose group and high dose group(n = 10), respectively. And low dose group, middle dose group and high dose group were given Lonicera Japonica flavone with 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg every day, respectively, while control group and model group were administered with NS. After continuously giving drug 7 weeks, other groups were injected with Dexamethasome (Dex: 25 mg /kg) for 3 days by subcutaneous injection, but the control group were treated with NS. And after giving Lonicera Japonica flavone 1 week simultaneously, organ indexes , the activity of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and lysozyme (LSZ) in serum , and the content of monoamine oxidase (MAO), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in lymphoid organs in mice were tested, respectively.

RESULTSLonicera Japonica flavone could significantly improve the organ indexes, and significantly improve the activity of ACP, AKP and LSZ in serum, and significantly improve the contents of T-AOC and SOD, but reduce that of MAO and MDA in lymphoid organs in immunosuppressed mice.

CONCLUSIONIonicera Japonica flavone can significantly improve the activity of immune enzyme in serum and the antioxidized activity of lymphoid organs in mice. It suggests that Ionicera Japonica flavone has a good immunomodulatory effects.

Acid Phosphatase ; blood ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; blood ; Animals ; Antioxidants ; metabolism ; Flavones ; pharmacology ; Immunomodulation ; Lonicera ; chemistry ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Mice ; Monoamine Oxidase ; metabolism ; Muramidase ; blood ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Modified Sijunzi Decoction (MSD) on the bone metabolism of prednisone intervened adriamycin-induced nephropathy rats.

METHODSThe adriamycin-induced nephropathy rat model was prepared. Totally 50 SD rats were randomly divide into five groups, i.e., the model group, the hormone group, the Chinese medicine (CM) group, the CM + hormone group, and the normal control group. The 24-h urine samples were collected on the 7th, 21st, and 35th day after modeling. The 24-h urine protein was measured by biuret colorimetry. Serum levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL), osteocalcin (BGP), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) were determined by ELISA. Expressions of OPG and RANKL in the tibia tissue were detected using real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot.

RESULTS(1) Compared with the normal control group, the 24-h urine protein increased in each group on the 7th, 21st, and 35th day (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the 24-h urinary protein decreased in the hormone group and the CM + hormone group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The decrement was more obvious along with the treatment time went by (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). There was statistical difference in the reduction of urine protein on the 35th day between the CM group and the model group (P < 0.05). (2) Compared with the 21st-day of the same group, the serum levels of TRACP and RANKL increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the serum levels of the TRACP and RANKL increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), OPG and BGP decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) in the hormone group. Compared with the CM group at the same period, serum OPG level decreased and the RANKL level increased in the hormone group and the CM + hormone group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Besides, the serum level of TRACP increased and BGP decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the hormone group at the same period, OPG and BGP increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), RANKL decreased (P < 0.01) in the CM + hormone group. On the 35th day TRACP decreased (P < 0.01). (3) Compared with the normal group, mRNA expressions of OPG and RANKL on the 21st day increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), mRNA expressions of OPG and RANKL on the 35th day decreased in the model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the CM group at the same period, OPG mRNA expression decreased (P < 0.01) and RANKL mRNA expression increased in the hormone group (P < 0.05). OPG mRNA expression decreased in the CM +hormone group (P < 0.05). (4) Compared with the hormone group on the 21st day, the OPG level decreased and the RANKL protein increased (both P < 0.05). RANKL decreased in the CM + hormone group (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group at the same period, OPG decreased and RANKL increased in the hormone group (P < 0.01). Compared with the CM group at the same period, OPG decreased (P < 0.01), RANKL increased (P < 0.01) in the hormone group and the CM + hormone group. Compared with the hormone group at the same period, OPG increased and RANKL decreased in the CM + hormone group (both P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSPrednisone could induce osteoporosis through the OPG/RANKL/RANK pathway. MSZ could slow down the formation of prednisone-induced osteoporosis through promoting osteoblast differentiation, and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis.

Acid Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Doxorubicin ; adverse effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Isoenzymes ; metabolism ; Male ; Nephrosis ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Osteocalcin ; metabolism ; Osteoprotegerin ; metabolism ; Prednisone ; pharmacology ; RANK Ligand ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase ; Tibia ; metabolism

BACKGROUND: In this study, we examined the influence of exercise loading characteristics on bone metabolic responses and bone morphology in the growth phase and adulthood. METHODS: Running exercise (RUN) and jumping exercise (JUM) were used for the exercise loading in 28-day-old male Wistar rats. Bone metabolism was measured by blood osteocalcin (OC) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) levels. For bone morphology, the maximum bone length, bone weight, and bone strength of the femur and tibia were measured. RESULTS: A pre- and post-exercise loading comparison in the growth phase showed significantly increased OC levels in the RUN and JUM groups and significantly decreased TRACP levels in the JUM group. On the other hand, a pre- and post-exercise loading comparison in adulthood showed significantly decreased TRACP levels in the RUN and JUM groups. Femur lengths were significantly shorter in the RUN and JUM groups than in the control (CON) group, while bone weight was significantly greater in the JUM group than in the CON group. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise loading activates OC levels in the growth phase and suppresses TRACP levels in adulthood. On the other hand, these results suggest that excessive exercise loading may suppress bone length.
Acid Phosphatase ; Femur ; Hand ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolism* ; Osteoblasts ; Osteocalcin ; Osteoclasts ; Osteogenesis* ; Rats, Wistar ; Running ; Tibia

The ultimate aim of periodontal treatment is periodontal regeneration, which necessiates the regeneration of bone tissues. This paper investigated the effect of growth factor on bone cells. Platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF) is the one of the polypeptide growth factor that has been reported as a biological mediator which regulates activities of the cell proliferation, migration and metabolism of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of PDGF on bone nodule formation and ALP activity of MC3T3-E1 cells. Cells were seeded at 1x10(5)cells/well in alpha-modified eagle medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 10ml beta-glycerophosphate and 50microgram/ml of ascorbic acid. PDGF 0, 0.1, 1, 10ng/ml were added to the cells at a confluent state and cultured for 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 days. We examined bone nodule formation and alkaline phosphatase activity. The results were as follows: There were bone nodule formation at day 21 both in control and all the experimental groups, and at day 28, all the experimental groups showed much more bone nodules than control groups. Compared to control-1 group, ALP activity was increased in PDGF 0.1ng/ml group and was decreased in 1,10ng/ml PDGF treated groups.(P< 0.05, P< 0.01) Compared to control-2, ALP activity was decreased in all the experimental groups except PDGF 0.1ng/ml in 21 day group. In the time-response effect, ALP activity was increased by the day 14 in all the experimental groups and thereafter ALP activity was decreased.(P<0.05, P< 0.01) In the dose-response effect, ALP activity was decreased as the dose of PDGF was increased, and after 21 day ALP activity was lowest in 1ng/ml group, ALP activity was highest in the day 7 in control group and 0.1ng/ml, 14 day experimental group. In conclusion, PDGF is considered more effective in the proliferation than differentiation of osteoblast-like cells, and it may be useful to study the combined effect of PDGF and other growth factors on osteoblast-like cells.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Ascorbic Acid ; Bone and Bones ; Cell Proliferation ; Eagles ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Metabolism ; Regeneration