OBJECTIVETo study the absorption, translocation and accumulation of N, P and K on Achyranthes bidentata.

METHODThe contents of N, P and K were determined by mean of sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide assimilating method, vanadium-ammonium molybdate colorimetric method and flame photometric method, respectively.

RESULTThe contents of N, P and K in the plant were decreasing during the growth period. The absorption rates of the three nutrients by A. Bidentata showed double-peak curves in the whole growth period, maximum absorption rate appeared in the middle ten days of October. About 8.59 kg of N, 1.36 kg of P and 7.40 kg of K were needed to produce each 100 kg root.

CONCLUSIONThe key nutrients absorption period is in the first ten days of September and in the middle ten days of October.

Achyranthes ; metabolism ; Biological Transport ; Nitrogen ; metabolism ; Phosphorus ; metabolism ; Potassium ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the seed quality of Achyranthes bidentata from different sources and establish a standard of seed quality grading.

METHODSeed weight and moisture content determination, germination test, purity analysis were carried out by 100 grains method, high-temperature drying, double deck filter paper and GB/T354. 3-Seed Testing for Crops methods respectively. Eight collections were planted in several field plots.

RESULTThe 1 000 grains weight of 33 collections is 0.69 to 3.54 g with a variance coefficient 24.83%, the germination rate between 19.02% to 99% with a variance coefficient 38.24%. Seed moisture content and purity showed no significantly difference. K-means cluster analysis showed that 33 collections were divided into 3 grades: the first grade including 23 collections, the second and third grade including 5 collections respectively. Eight collections showed different field growth and yield characters.

CONCLUSIONThere are significant differences in seed quality of A. bidentata, so the classification management is needed in medicinal materials market. Germination test is an effective method before cultivating.

Achyranthes ; embryology ; Germination ; physiology ; Quality Control ; Seeds ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo study the germination property of the seeds of Achyranthes bidentata from different producing area, providing foundation for choosing the better seed resources.

METHODThe germination rate, germination energy, germination index, vigor and the characteristics of the seeds of A. bidentata from different producing area were compared, and the relative electric conductivity was measured. The characteristics of the seed were recorded through the Anymicro DSS YT-5M microscope digital camera, and the differences were analyzed.

RESULTSeed from Henan Boai and Hebei Anguo showed the better germination rate, germination energy, germination index and vigor.

CONCLUSIONThe seeds from both Henan Boai and Hebei Anguo showed the better quality.

Achyranthes ; metabolism ; physiology ; China ; Geography ; Germination ; physiology ; Seeds ; metabolism ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between the condition of cell suspension culture and the polysaccharides content in Achyranthes bidentata.

METHODThe methods of orthogonal test and alone factor test were used to study the effect of culture time, inoculation concentration, carbon source and pH.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe results showed that the optimum medium to induce polysaccharides in A. bidentata was 1/4MS + 6-BA 0.5 + 2,4-D 1.0 mg x L(-1) + sucrose 2% + glucose 2% + fructose 1% cultured after 50 d. The suitable pH was 6.0, and the optimum inoculation concentration was 7g x L(-1).

Achyranthes ; cytology ; metabolism ; Cell Culture Techniques ; methods ; Plants, Medicinal ; cytology ; metabolism ; Polysaccharides ; metabolism

The difference of ingredients between the roots from the SP1 plants of Achyranthes Bidentata carried by satellite and the control's were evaluated in this study. The techniques of ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UVS), infrared spectroscopy (IR), Xray diffraction (XRD) and SDS-PAGE were used to analyse the chemical constituent in the root of A. bidentata. The results demonstrated that the UVS, IR, XRD and protein fingerprints of the roots from A. bidentata were distinct with special characters. The difference of the IR, XRD and protein fingerprints could be discriminated the satellite plants roots from those of the control, however, there were no difference of the UVS fingerprints between the satellite plants roots and the control. This indicated that the kinds of chemical ingredients were not different between the two groups, but the contents of some chemical ingredients deceased in SP1 plants of A. bidentata carried by satellite.
Achyranthes ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Resins, Plant ; chemistry ; Space Flight

AIMTo study the physicochemical properties and the structure of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide (AbPS).

METHODSAbPS was isolated from the roots of Achyranthes bidentata Bl., and purified by gel filtration chromatography. The distribution of the molecular weight of AbPS was determined by ESI-MS. The structure of AbPS was deduced by methylation analysis, reductive-cleavage and 13CNMR spectroscopy.

RESULTSAbPS was shown to compose of fructose residues and glucose residues and the molar ratio was 8:1. AbPS contain 2,1-linked fructose residue, 2,1-linked fructose residue, 1,2,6-linked fructose residue, terminal fructose residue and terminal glucose residue.

CONCLUSIONAbPS is a fructan and belong to graminan.

Achyranthes ; chemistry ; Fructans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Methylation ; Molecular Structure ; Molecular Weight ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

AIMTo isolate C-25 epimers of inokosterone from Achyranthes bidentata Blume. and identify their structures.

METHODSTo separate C-25 epimers of inokosterone by using various kinds of chromatography methods and identify their structures on basis of spectral analysis and chemical method.

RESULTSThree compounds were isolated and their structures were established as 25S-inokosterone (1), 25R-inokosterone (2) and ecdysterone (3).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1 and 2 are new C-25 configuration isomers from Achyranthes bidentata Blume., their absolute configurations are elucidated at the first time, and their 13CNMR data are reported for the first time.

Achyranthes ; chemistry ; Cholestenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Ecdysterone ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Stereoisomerism

OBJECTIVETo study the therapeutic effects of saponins from Achyranthes bidentata (SAB) in stroke-prone sponyaneously hypertension rats (SHRsp).

METHODSixty SHRsp were randomly divided into five groups: SAB 0.10, 0.20, 0.40 g x kg(-1), Huatuo Zaizao pill group (positive control group) 2.5 g x kg(-1) and pathologic group (n=10). SAB and Huatuo Zaizao pill were used through filing stomach everyday for 20 days, pathologic group was given distilled water. The effects of SAB on blood pressure, changes of nerve state, death rate, brain index and the pathologic changes of hippocampal neuron of SHRsp were observed.

RESULTSAB could markedly decrease brain index, death rate of SHRsp after stroke. SAB could improve nerve state of SHRsp after stroke. Also SAB could prolong survival time and prevent pathologic change of hippocampal neuron of SHRsp after stroke.

CONCLUSIONSAB is advantageous of therapying the stroke in SHRsp.

Achyranthes ; chemistry ; Animals ; Antihypertensive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Hypertension ; drug therapy ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Saponins ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo develop the reproducible in vitro propagation protocols for the medicinally important plants viz., Achyranthes aspera (A. aspera) L. and Achyranthes bidentata (A. bidentata) Blume using nodal segments as explants.

METHODSYoung shoots of A. aspera and A. bidentata were harvested and washed with running tap water and treated with 0.1% bavistin and rinsed twice with distilled water. Then the explants were surface sterilized with 0.1% (w/v) HgCl2 solutions for 1 min. After rinsing with sterile distilled water for 3-4 times, nodal segments were cut into smaller segments (1 cm) and used as the explants. The explants were placed horizontally as well as vertically on solid basal Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 3% sucrose, 0.6% (w/v) agar (Hi-Media, Mumbai) and different concentration and combination of 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP), kinetin (Kin), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and indole acetic acid (IAA) for direct regeneration.

RESULTSAdventitious proliferation was obtained from A. aspera and A. bidentata nodal segments inoculated on MS basal medium with 3% sucrose and augmented with BAP and Kin with varied frequency. MS medium augmented with 3.0 mg/L of BAP showed the highest percentage (93.60±0.71) of shootlets formation for A. aspera and (94.70±0.53) percentages for A. bidentata. Maximum number of shoots/explants (10.60±0.36) for A. aspera and (9.50±0.56) for A. bidentata was observed in MS medium fortified with 5.0 mg/L of BAP. For A. aspera, maximum mean length (5.50±0.34) of shootlets was obtained in MS medium augmented with 3.0 mg/L of Kin and for A. bidentata (5.40±0.61) was observed in the very same concentration. The highest percentage, maximum number of rootlets/shootlet and mean length of rootlets were observed in 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L of IBA. Seventy percentages of plants were successfully established in polycups. Sixty eight percentages of plants were well established in the green house condition. Sixty five percentages of plants were established in the field.

CONCLUSIONSThe results have shown that use of nodal buds is an alternative reproducible and dependable method for clonal propagation of A. aspera and A. bidentata. The high rate of direct shoot-root multiplication and their high rate of post-hardening survival indicate that this protocol can be easily adopted for commercial large scale cultivation.

Achyranthes ; growth & development ; Culture Media ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; growth & development ; Plant Shoots ; growth & development ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development ; Survival Analysis

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of phosphorus on copper tolerance in Achyranthes bidentata.

METHODA PVC pipe experiment was conducted to study the interactive effects of phosphorus (P) and copper (Cu), on growth, elemental accumulation and chemical constituents of A. bidentata. Two levels of elemental P were applied at 0 (P0) and 100 ( P100) mg x kg(-1) soil with 5 levels of Cu at 0 (Cu0), 100 (Cu100), 200 (Cu200), 200 (Cu400), 200 (Cu600) mg x kg(-1) soil, respectively.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe biomass production between different Cu treatments, phosphorus treatment showed significant differences. The biomass reached the maximum value as the concentration of Cu and P was 100 mg x kg(-1). Low concentration of Cu improved the growth of A. bidentata. The growth was blocked as Cu concentration reached 200 mg x kg(-1) in soil, however the contents of oleanolic acid and ecdysterone in roots of A. bidentata had not influenced by Cu. P could improved the copper tolerance in A. bidentata and increased root yield. The Cu concentration in soil of the cultivation bases must be below 200 mg x kg(-1) in order to produce good quality of medicinal material.

Achyranthes ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Biomass ; Copper ; metabolism ; Phosphorus ; metabolism ; Plant Roots ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Soil Pollutants ; metabolism