No abstract available.
Acetylcysteine*

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in reversal of liver enzyme abnormalities among pediatric patients with dengue induced liver injury. Materials and Methods: The preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P 2020) declaration was used to create this systematic review. The study population included children (<18 years old) diagnosed with dengue-associated Liver Injury and given NAC. The outcome of interest was full recovery. A search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar, HERDIN PLUS, WPRIM, clinicaltrials.gov, and Cochrane databases on March 2023. The New Castle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was adapted for risk of bias assessment for cohort studies. Results: Three case series and one pre-post cohort study published from 2013 to 2022 were included. The studies were of acceptable quality. In two studies with overall 10 pediatric patients given NAC for dengue-related ALF, all recovered without adverse events. In one study with 4 patients given NAC, half survived with their liver function tests returning to normal values. Finally, in one comparative study, the durations of time before the liver function tests returned to normal levels, and the mortality rates between those treated with and without N-acetyl cysteine were not significantly different. All studies reported no occurrence of adverse drug reaction related to NAC. Conclusion This systematic review shows limited evidence on the effectiveness of NAC in the reversal of liver enzymes among pediatric patients because of the low incidence of dengue induced liver injury seen in observational studies. Given that NAC is reported by all four studies to be accessible, effective, and with no attributable adverse events, its use can be considered. However, clinicians must still be cautioned given the limited available evidence.
Acetylcysteine

BACKGROUND: BACTEC MGIT 960 system(Becton Dickinson, USA; MGIT 960) is a fully automated, noninvasive culture system for mycobacteria, which has been regarded as a sensitive and least labor-intensive method. This study was purposed to evaluate the performance of MGIT 960 compared to BACTEC 460 TB radiometric system(Becton Dickinson, USA; BACTEC 460) and Ogawa media. METHODS: A total of 1,067 clinical specimens submitted from April to June in 1999 was cultured for acid fast bacilli(AFB). All specimens were digested, decontaminated by the 6% sodium hydroxide(final concentration of 1.5%) and 0.5% N-acetyl-L-cysteine method. All specimens were inoculated into three kinds of media: a MGIT, a BACTEC 12B, and an Ogawa medium. The AFB recovered from cultures were identified to M. tuberculosis complex and MOTT by NAP test. RESULTS: Of 106 isolates of M. tuberculosis recovered from all culture systems, 101(95.3 %) were detected in the MGIT 960, 95(89.6%) in the BACTEC 460 and 76(71.7%) on Ogawa media. MGIT 960 plus Ogawa media detected 104(98.1%) isolates and BACTEC 460 plus Ogawa media recovered 96(90.6%) isolates. The mean time required for detection of M. tuberculosis was 12.7+/-5.8 days with MGIT 960, 16.2+/-7.7 days with BACTEC 460, and 22.8+/-9.5 days with Ogawa media. The contamination rate were 5.1% for MGIT 960, 2.7% for BACTEC 460, and 6.7% for Ogawa media. CONCLUSIONS: MGIT 960 is a sensitive and rapid method to isolate M. tuberculosis.
Acetylcysteine ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; Sodium ; Tuberculosis

PURPOSE: Acute acetaminophen intoxication is a common occurrence that can cause lethal complications. In most domestic emergency departments, clinicians tend to treat acetaminophen intoxication based on patients' history alone, simply due to the lack of a rapid acetaminophen laboratory test. We performed a 20-month study of intoxication patients to determine the correlation between the history of patients and serum laboratory tests for acetaminophen. METHODS: We took blood samples from 280 intoxication patients to evaluate whether laboratory findings detected traces of acetaminophen in the sample. Patients were then treated according to their history. Laboratory results came out after patients'discharge. Agreement between patients' history and laboratory results were analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 280 intoxicated patients enrolled, 38 patients had positive serum acetaminophen concentrations; 18 out of 38 patients did not represent a history suggesting acetaminophen intoxication. One patient without the history showed toxic serum acetaminophen concentration. Among the patients with the history, two patients with toxic serum acetaminophen concentration did not receive N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment due to their low reported doses, while other 2 patients without significant serum acetaminophen concentration did receive NAC treatment due to their high reported doses. CONCLUSION: This study showed a good overall agreement between history and laboratory test results. However, some cases showed inconsistencies between their history and laboratory test results. Therefore, in treating intoxication patients, a laboratory test of acetaminophen with rapid results should be available in most domestic emergency departments.
Acetaminophen* ; Acetylcysteine ; Diagnosis ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Humans

BACKGROUND: To determine whether N-acetylcysteine(NAC) reduces methemoglobin. METHOD: We carried out an in vivo experiment in rats, weighed about 300g. Each rat was ingested 200mg of dapsone(4,4'diaminodiphenyl sulphone) to induce methemo- globinemia. After 1 hour, 30 rats were received NAC 160mg(2ml) and another 30 rats, served as control, were received 2ml of normal saline orally,4 times hourly. Serum methemoglobin concentrations were checked 1,6, and 24 hours after dapsone ingestion. RESULT: The methemoglobin concentrations on each time were 27.1+/-5.8%,23.5+/-8.8%, 17.1+/-6.4%(mean+/-SD) in control group and 25.5+/-6.3%, 25.5+/-8.8%, 65.5+/-31.2%(mean+/-SD) in NAC group. There were no differences on methemoglobin concentrations at 1 and 6 hours between two groups(P>.05). At 24 hours, the methemoglobin concentrations of NAC group was significantly higher than those of control group(P<.01). CONCLUSION: NAC had no therapeutic effects on dapsone induced methemoglobinemia in this experimental setting.
Acetylcysteine* ; Animals ; Dapsone ; Eating ; Methemoglobin ; Methemoglobinemia* ; Rats

Acetylcysteine ; urine ; Humans ; Hydrocarbons, Brominated ; metabolism ; urine

No abstract available.
Acetylcysteine* ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Healthy Volunteers* ; Humans ; Skin* ; Water Loss, Insensible

PURPOSE: The in vitro dissolution of intrahepatic stones was evaluated using the various solvent mixtures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty four intrahepatic stones from 16 patients were used. Four kinds of solvent mixtures(No. 1 = basic buffer + EDTA, No. 2=1 + Sulfobetain-12, No. 3=2 + N-acetylcysteine, No. 4=3 + urea) were used. Dissolution rates were determined by measuring the weight loss of stones after 6, 12, 24, 48 hours incubation periods, respectively. RESULTS: The highest dissolution rates in dissolving intrahepatic stones were achieved with No. 4 solvent mixture(1% W/V EDTA/80mM, Sulfobetain-12/1 M, urea, pH 9.5). CONCLUSION: lntrahepatic stones could be largely dissolved up to about 70% of their initial weight after 48 hours incubation period in vitro.
Acetylcysteine ; Edetic Acid ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Urea ; Weight Loss

BACKGROUND: Contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) is an important cause of acute renal failure in patients with renal dysfunction. We investigated whether oral NAC alone was sufficient to prevent CIN to the same extent as hydration in patients with renal dysfunction, and whether these treatments resulted in diffierences in the urinary excretion of nitric oxide, a vasodilator. METHODS: A total of 27 patients with renal dysfunction, who underwent radiographic examination with nonionic and low osmolar contrast, were randomly assigned to receive either NAC (600 mg orally twice daily; N=11) or 0.45% saline hydration (1 mL/kg/Hr; N=16) 12 hours prior to and 12 hours after the contrast procedure. We measured serum creatinine (sCr), fractional excretion of sodium (FENa), creatinine clearance (CCr), and urinary nitrite before and after contrast administration. RESULTS: The mean volume of contrast used was similar in the two groups (100.9+/-54.8 mL vs 114.7+/-38 mL; p=0.43), as was baseline sCr in the two groups (2.31+/-1.59 mg/dL vs 2.18+/-1.41 mg/dL; p=0.98). Treatment did not significantly affect the incidence of CIN, with 18.2% and 12.5% in the NAC group and hydration group, respectively (p=1.0). The urinary nitrite/creatinine ratio (micro mol/mg) was 1.26+/-0.57 and 1.43+/-0.64 at baseline and 48 hours after contrast exposure in the NAC group, respectively, and 0.80+/-0.40 and 1.18+/-0.60 in the hydration group, respectively, which were not significantly different. FENa increased significantly after contrast exposure in the NAC group compared with hydration group (p=0.04) CONCLUSIONS: NAC alone may prevent CIN. When bolus hydration is contraindicated in patients with renal dysfunction, administration of NAC alone may be sufficient.
Acetylcysteine ; Acute Kidney Injury ; Creatinine ; Humans ; Incidence ; Nitric Oxide ; Sodium

PURPOSE: We investigated the effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in the prevention of radiocontrast-induced nephrotoxicity in patients with underlying renal dysfunction, who are regarded as a high risk group. METHODS: This study included 77 individuals with renal insufficiency, defined by a serum creatinine concentration above 1.2 mg/dL or creatinine clearance of more than 15 mL/min/1.73m2 and less than 60 mL/min/1.73m2. These patients who needed radiologic interventions including the use of radiocontrast materials from August 2006 to May 2007 were randomly assigned to one of four groups, which were treated with EPO only, NAC only, EPO plus NAC and placebo respectively. The serum creatinine and cystatin-C were measured before, 24 hours and 48 hours after the intervention. The creatinine clearance was obtained using the Cockcroft-Gault equation. RESULTS: The serum level of creatinine in EPO plus NAC group was not significantly elevated 24 and 48 hours after radiocontrast exposure compared to control group (p=0.012). Also, the creatinine clearance of EPO plus NAC group was not significantly decreased after radiocontrast exposure compared to control group (p=0.046). The serum level of creatinine in EPO and NAC group increased less than control group, but there were no significant differences between the groups. Also, the creatinine clearance in EPO and NAC group decreased less than control group, but there were no significant differences between the groups. CONCLUSION: EPO plus NAC showed a renoprotective effect on radiocontrast study in patients with underlying renal dysfunction.
Acetylcysteine* ; Contrast Media ; Creatinine ; Erythropoietin* ; Humans* ; Renal Insufficiency