Hirschsprung disease or congenital nonglandular digestive abnormality
Congenital ; Acetylcholinesterase

The biocompatibility of nanomaterials has attracted much attention. Graphene oxide (GO) is a nanomaterial widely used in biomedicine, but its toxicity can not be ignored. In this study, the effect of GO on the blood system (the hemolysis rate, the fragility of erythrocyte, and acetylcholinesterase activity) was systematically investigated. The results showed that the hemolysis rate of erythrocytes was lower than 8% when the GO concentration was below 100 μg/mL (P<0.01). GO at low concentration levels (<5 μg/mL) had no significant effect on the fragility of erythrocytes, but GO at high concentration (10 μg/mL) increased the fragility of erythrocytes (P=0.01). Moreover, GO increased the activity of acetylcholinesterase on erythrocytes. The concentration of 20 μg/mL graphene oxide with the size >5 μm (LGO) increased the activity of acetylcholinesterase by 42.67% (P<0.05). Then molecular dynamics simulation was used to study how GO interacted with acetylcholinesterase and increased its activity. The results showed that GO was attached to the cell membrane, thus may provide an electronegative environment that helps the hydrolysate to detach from the active sites more quickly so as to enhance the activity of acetylcholinesterase.
Acetylcholinesterase ; Erythrocytes ; Graphite ; Nanostructures

Muscle relaxants are an irreplaceable item within the modern surgical toolkit. Their almost universal use during surgical procedures of medium-to-long duration means that it is essential that all anesthesiologists must have a comprehensive knowledge of their history and the future prospects for their continued evolution. There are a number of naturally- occurring acetylcholinesterase and butrylcholinesterase inhibitors, including the solanaceous glycoalkaloids (SGAs), which are found in the plants of the family Solanaceae. In the Pharmacopiea of the Philippines indigenous plants, one such plants is Cestrum nocturnum (Dama de Noche). Objective: This experimental animal study was therefore undertaken to determine the neuromuscular effect of the intravenous administered Cestrun nocturnum in an anesthesixed cat. Methods: An N-of-1 A-B-A design in in vivo study was undertaken compairing the effect of the Cestrun Nocturnum ansd atracurium on the neuromuscular junction of an anesthesized cat. Results: Intravenously administered cestrum nocturnum produced an incomplete (40% TOF) but sustained depolarization of the neuromuscular junction that took an hour to fully recover. It also prolonged the onset of atracurium- induced paralysis and delayed its recovey in the pesence of neostigmine. Conclusion: In the light of these findings, we infer that cestrum nocturnum interact with atracurium and neostigmne possibly through pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic mechanisms. Further studies are recommended to elucidate these mechanisms.
Animal ; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ; SOLANACEAE ; NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION

Fourteen compounds were isolated from the stem of Angelica polymorpha. On the basis of spectral data, these compounds were identified as isoimperatorin (1), phellopterin (2), bergapten (3), xanthyletin (4), cnidilin (5), geijerine (6), (−)-3'-acetyl hamaudol (7), 7-demethylsuberosine (8), dehydrogeijerin (9), (−)-hamaudol (10), (+)-visamminol (11), divaricatol (12), scopoletin (13), and decursidate (14), respectively. Among them, compounds 4 - 6, 8, 9, 13, and 14 were isolated for the first time from A. polymorpha. Dehydrogeijerin (6) and geijerin (9) were isolated for the first time from genus Angelica. All isolates tested for inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterae. Compounds 1 to 13 showed acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ values ranging from 1.4 to 37.5 µM.
Acetylcholinesterase* ; Angelica* ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors* ; Chromones ; Coumarins ; Scopoletin

Activity-guided isolation of Heracleum moellendorffii roots led to four coumarin derivatives as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. The structures of these isolates were characterized by spectroscopic method to be angelicin (1), isobergapten (2), pimpinellin (3), and (3S, 4R)-3, 4-epoxypimpinellin (4). All the isolated compounds 1, 2, 3, and 4 showed moderate inhibition activities against acetylcholinesterase with the IC₅₀ values of 10.2, 18.1, 21.5 and 22.9 µM, respectively. (3S, 4R)-3, 4-Epoxypimpinellin (4) was newly isolated from the plant source.
Acetylcholinesterase ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors ; Coumarins ; Heracleum* ; Methods ; Plants

A new sesquiterpenoid, 11-hydroxy-valenc-1(10),3(4)-dien-2-one (3), two chemically synthesized but first isolate from nature, 3-oxocedran-8β-ol (1) and valenc-1(10),3(4),11(12)-trien-2-one (2) along with four known compounds, sugiol (4), (+)-nootkatone (5), 11-hydroxy-valenc-1(10)-en-2-one (6), and clovandiol (7), were isolated from the heartwood of Juniperus chinensis. All chemical structures were elucidated using extensive spectroscopic analysis including 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Valenc-1(10),3(4),11(12)-trien-2-one (2) exhibited significant inhibitory activity against butyrylcholinesterase with an IC₅₀ value of 68.45 µM.
Acetylcholinesterase ; Butyrylcholinesterase ; Juniperus ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Chemical constituents in soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum were separated and purified by various chromatographic methods. Based on the spectral data, physicochemical properties, and comparison with the data reported in the literature, nine cembranoids, including a new cembranoid named sefsarcophinolide(1) together with eight known cembranoids, namely(+)-isosarcophine(2), sarcomilitatin D(3), sarcophytonolide J(4),(1S,3E,7E,13S)-11,12-epoxycembra-3,7,15-triene-13-ol(5), sarcophytonin B(6),(-)-eunicenone(7), lobophytin B(8), and arbolide C(9), were identified. As revealed by biological activity experiment results, compounds 2-6 had weak acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, and compound 5 displayed weak cytotoxicity against K562 tumor cell line.
Animals ; Anthozoa ; Acetylcholinesterase ; Cell Line, Tumor

No abstract available.
Acetylcholinesterase* ; Aluminum* ; Animals ; Brain* ; Choline O-Acetyltransferase* ; Choline* ; Rats*

This report describes the isolation and identification of a potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor-producing yeasts. Of 731 species of yeast strain, the S-3 strain was selected as a potent producer of AChE inhibitor. The selected S-3 strain was investigated for its microbiological characteristics. The S-3 strain was found to be short-oval yeast that did not form an ascospore. The strain formed a pseudomycelium and grew in yeast malt medium containing 50% glucose and 10% ethanol. Finally, the S-3 strain was identified by its physiological characteristics and 26S ribosomal DNA sequences as Yarrowia lipolytica S-3.
Acetylcholinesterase ; DNA, Ribosomal ; Ethanol ; Glucose ; Sprains and Strains ; Yarrowia ; Yeasts

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity level can be used as a diagnostic marker for anticholinesterase pesticide poisoning. In this study, we aimed to establish a baseline level of normal brain AChE activity in wild birds. AChE activity was measured in the brains of 87dead wild birds (26 species). The level of AChE activity ranged from 6.40 to 15.9 µmol/min/g of brain tissue in normal wild birds. However, the brain tissue AChE activity level in wild birds exposed to organophosphate (OP) pesticide was 48.0%–96.3% of that in the normal birds. These results may serve as reference values to facilitate routine diagnosis and monitoring of OP-poisoned wild birds.
Acetylcholinesterase ; Birds ; Brain ; Diagnosis ; Organophosphates ; Poisoning ; Reference Values