A bioprocess intensification strategy that combines both elicitation and in situ absorption was developed to improve the production of taxuyunnanine c (Tc) in cell suspension cultures of Taxus chinensis. When 100 micromol/L methyl jasmonate was added as an elicitor on Day 7, the Tc content and yield increased 3.6 and 3.3 times respectively, however the cell growth was reduced by 10%-30%. Significant improvement in Tc yield was observed when an absorbent XAD-7 was added on different time of the culture period. The optimum Tc yield was achieved when 100 g/L XAD-7 was added simultaneously with 100 micromol/L methyl jasmonate on Day 7. The maximum Tc yield of 477.4 mg/L was obtained on Day 21 of the culture, being 6.3-fold of the control and 1.9-fold of the 100 micromol/L methyl jasmonate treatment alone. In the combined treatment, 94% of the Tc produced was secreted outside of the cells and absorbed on XAD-7 absorbents. The results demonstrated that the process strategy combining elicitation and in situ absorption was effective to intensify the Tc biosynthesis via elicitation with the removal of product feedback inhibition via absorption, presenting a great potential in commercial applications.
Absorption ; Acetates ; pharmacology ; Acrylic Resins ; pharmacology ; Cell Culture Techniques ; methods ; Cyclopentanes ; pharmacology ; Oxylipins ; pharmacology ; Polystyrenes ; pharmacology ; Taxoids ; metabolism ; Taxus ; cytology

Platelet additive solutions (PAS) can partly or fully substitute blood plasma during platelet storage in normal air temperature. There are some advantages such as avoiding transfusion of large volume of plasma with possible adverse reactions and circulatory overload, saving plasma for other purposes, improving storage conditions, maintaining the viability and haemostatic function of platelet at normal level, and making it easy to inactivate pathogens. There has been an increasing interest in the study of PAS in the past 20 years, the compositions of different PAS have been reported one after another, and the protective effects of PAS on platelets have become better and better. This article focuses on the advances of studies of the composition of PAS, the functions of the different compositions and platelet quality in vitro and in vivo after storage.
Acetates ; pharmacology ; Blood Platelets ; Blood Preservation ; methods ; trends ; Citrates ; pharmacology ; Glucose ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Platelet Transfusion ; adverse effects ; methods

AIM: To determine the IPP origin of the naphthoquinones (NQs) in Rubia cordifolia, and to evaluate the effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment, MEP, and MVA pathway inhibitor treatment on the accumulation of anthraquinones (AQs) and NQs in cell suspension cultures of R. cordifolia. METHODS: Cell suspension cultures of R. cordifolia were established. Specific inhibitors (lovastatin and clomazone) and MeJA were supplied to the media, respectively. Treated cells were sampled every three days. Content determination of purpurin (AQs) and mollugin (NQs) were carried out using RP-HPLC. The yield of the two compounds was compared with the DMSO-supplied group and the possible mechanism was discussed. RESULTS: Lovastatin treatment increased the yield of purpurin and mollugin significantly. Clomazone treatment resulted in a remarkable decrease of both compounds. In the MeJA-treated cells, the purpurin yield increased, meanwhile, the mollugin yield decreased compared with control. CONCLUSION The IPP origin of mollugin in R. cordifolia cell suspension cultures was likely from the MEP pathway. To explain the different effects of MeJA on AQs and NQs accumulation, studies on the regulation and expression of the genes, especially after prenylation of 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid should be conducted.
Acetates ; pharmacology ; Anthraquinones ; metabolism ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclopentanes ; pharmacology ; Isoxazoles ; pharmacology ; Lovastatin ; pharmacology ; Oxazolidinones ; pharmacology ; Oxylipins ; pharmacology ; Pyrans ; metabolism ; Rubia ; drug effects ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate anti-attachment effect of ethyl acetate extract of Huanglian Jiedu decoction (EAHD) on Candida glabrata.

METHODSerial 2-fold dilution assay was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations MICs of EAHD to C. glabrata. XTT assay was used to evaluate the effect of EAHD against adhesion of C. glabrata. Inverted microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) staining were applied to observe the morphological changes of C. glabrata in adhesion. PCR was adopted to inspect the expression of attachment-related genes such as EPA1, EPA6 and EPA7.

RESULTThe MIC of EAHD and fluconazole to C. glabrata were 320 mg · L(-1) and 1 mg · L(-1) respectively. The total cells including budding cells decreased in a dose-dependent manner following EAHD treatment. The expressions of EPA1, EPA6 and EPA7 were downregulated dramatically after EAHD treatment.

CONCLUSIONEAHD could effectively inhibit adherence of C. glabrata.

Acetates ; Candida glabrata ; drug effects ; physiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Fungal Proteins ; genetics ; Lectins ; genetics ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology

Acetates ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Diving ; adverse effects ; Ear Canal ; injuries ; Nitrogen ; Oxygen ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Rabbits

The present study investigated the influence of the methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid elicitors on the formation of phenylethanoid glycosides (PeG) in the suspension cultures of Cistanche deserticola. The results showed that methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid enhanced greatly the accumulation of PeG and echinacoside (Echin), but their optimum elicitation dosage and addition time were different. The yields of PeG and Echin were significantly increased in the presence of 5 micromol/L methyl jasmonate on day 14 (up to 2.59-fold and 3.82-fold, respectively), whereas treated with 50 micromol/L salicylic acid on day 28, the maximum content of them were, respectively, 2.71 and 3.16-fold higher than the untreated cell cultures.
Acetates ; pharmacology ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cistanche ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Culture Media ; Cyclopentanes ; pharmacology ; Glycosides ; biosynthesis ; Oxylipins ; pharmacology ; Phenylethyl Alcohol ; metabolism ; Salicylic Acid ; pharmacology

The low-production is a ubiquitous problem and has prevented the commercialization of secondary metabolite production in plant cell culture. In order to examine the effective approaches to improvement of secondary metabolite production in plant cell culture, the investigation of anthocyanins accumulation in suspension cultures of Vitis vinifera, as a model system, had been initiated in our laboratory. In this present research, various elicitors and the precursor of phenylalanine were used in combination to enhance the anthocyanins production in suspension cultures of Vitis vinifera. And an integrated process with the combination of elicitation, precursor feeding and light irradiation was reported for rational bioprocess design. Among the combination treatment of phenylalanine feeding and several elicitors (methyl-beta-cyclodextrin, dextran T-40, methyl jasmonate, extracts of Aspergillus niger and Fusarium orthoceras), the combination with methyl jasmonate gave the highest anthocyanins production in suspension cultures of Vitis vinifera. When compared to the controls, the anthocyanins content (CV/g, FCW) and production (CV/L) increased by 2.7-fold and 3.4-fold, respectively. The optimum time for the addition of phenylalanine and methyl jasmonate was 4 days after inoculation. Two cell lines with different anthocyanins-producing capacity responded differently to the optimum combination treatment of 30 micromol/L phenylalanine feeding, 218 micromol/L methyl jasmonate elicitation and 3000 to approximately 4000 1x light illumination. The high-and low-anthocyanins-producing cell lines of VV05 and VV06 produced the maximum of 2975 and 4090 CV/L of anthocyanins that were 2.5- and 5.2-fold of the controls, respectively.
Acetates ; pharmacology ; Anthocyanins ; biosynthesis ; Cell Culture Techniques ; methods ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; Cyclopentanes ; pharmacology ; Light ; Oxylipins ; pharmacology ; Phenylalanine ; pharmacology ; Vitis ; cytology ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the optimizal hydrolysis process for C21 steroidal glycoside of Bai Shou Wu by acetic acid.

METHODThe effects of acetic acid concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time had been investigated using orthogonal design and the contents of kidjoranin 3-O-beta-digitoxopyranoside, caudatin, kidjoranin 3-O-alpha-L-diginopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-beta-cymaropyranoside and caudatin 3-O-beta-cymaropyranoside as response indexs were determined by the high performance liquid chromatography.

RESULTThe factors influencing acetic extraction efficiency were as follows: A > B > C (A. reaction temperature; B. reaction time; C. acetic acid concentration). The optimal hydrolysis condition obtained was: refluxing for 6 hours with 5.0% dilute CH3COOH solution at 100 degrees C.

CONCLUSIONThe content of antitumor active ingredients under the optimum hydrolysis condition is raised obviously and has a great part in studying this antitumor drug.

Acetates ; pharmacology ; Cynanchum ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Glycosides ; analysis ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Hydrolysis ; drug effects ; Temperature ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo provide a new material for producing the Rhodiolasachalinensis products, the effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on callus biomass and effective compound accumulation of Rhodiolasachalinensis was studied.

METHODThe calluses-cultured in 3 L-air lift balloon type bioreactor were treated with MeJA after 20 d of bioreactor culture and the effect of MeJA concentration and treatment days on callus biomass, salidroside or polysaccharide accumulation and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities were investigated.

RESULTThe callus biomass was not significantly different after MeJA treatment (125) for 0-6 d but obviously decreased after 6 d treatment. The maximum salidroside or polysaccharide contents and SOD or POD activities were found after 4 d treatment of MeJA. MeJA concentration significantly affected callus biomass and effective compound accumulation, biomass decreased at MeJA concentrations higher than 125 μmol x L(-1). However, the effective compound contents were determined at higher MeJA concentration, and the highest salidroside and polysaccharide accumulation was found at 225 and 275 μmol x L(-1) MeJA, respectively and the maximum SOD and POD activities was found at 225 μmol x L(-1) MeJA. The effective compound contents in callus were compared with field-grown plants. Salidroside contents in calluses were 1.1-fold and 2. 4-fold more than in plant roots and stem or leave, respectively. Polysaccharide content in calluses were 3. 6-fold and 8.0-fold more than in plant roots and stem or leave, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSalidorside and polysaccharide in Rhodiolasachalinensiscalluses improved by MeJA treatment, 225 μmol x L(-1) MeJA and 4 d treatment were optimal. The effective compound contents in callus were obviously higher than in field-grown plants. Therefore, bioreactor culture is efficient for obtaining mass effective compounds of Rhodiolasachalinensis by culturing calluses. This method could provide an alternative material source for production of Rhodiolasachalinensis products.

Acetates ; pharmacology ; Biomass ; Bioreactors ; Cyclopentanes ; pharmacology ; Glucosides ; metabolism ; Oxylipins ; pharmacology ; Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Phenols ; metabolism ; Polysaccharides ; metabolism ; Rhodiola ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

Acetates ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Leukotriene Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Quinolines ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Receptors, Leukotriene ; drug effects