Purpose: study particularity of died patients at Viet Duc hospital in 1996. Material - Method: review reports of duty residents (every day), pathological department (monthly report) registered book of General Planning department and medical dossiers. Result: from 1/12/95 to 30/11/96: 458 deaths (52 died before admission), giving overall death rate 2.37%; 91.7% of them are emergent cases. Causes: traumatology 338 cases (73.7%) including traffic injury (81.3%), and pathology condition 120 cases (26.2%). Causes of death: polytraumatology, head injury, hear and vessel operation, biliary infectious shock, portal hypertension, bleeding etc. Conclusion: to reduce mortality rate: amelioration of different units coping with emergency, invest medical equipments. For traffic accident: a movement of combined actions of the police, the ministry of transportation, medical profession is needed to inform the public of prevention (traffic law, helmet wearing,...).
mortality ; Accidents, Traffic

Cranioplasty has long been performed by many physicians with different materials from the prehistoric era. Among the materials, methyl methacrylate has been known to be the superior to any other substitutes since 1940s in biologic, chemical and physical characteristics and its availability. So the authors review 72 patients who underwent cranioplasty with methyl methacrylate at out hospital from 1985 to 1989. The clinical analyses were as follow : 1) There was male predominance and epidural hematomas, compound, comminuted depressed fractures by traffic accidents or fall down injuries were the main causes of craniectomy. 2) The location of defects was mainly frontal and/or parietal area and average size of defects was 17cm2 in plain skull film measurements. 3) The cosmetic results were satisfactory. 4) Complication rate was 6% and there was no mortality.
Accidents, Traffic ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Male ; Mortality ; Rabeprazole ; Skull

Accidents, Traffic ; mortality ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Research

Clinical observations were made on l23 patients with pelvic fractures and 78 patients with 1ower urinary tract injury in the Kyungpook National University Hospital during the period of 6 years from Jan., 1968 to Dec., 1973. The results were as follows: 1) The most common cause of pelvic fractures was traffic accident (78.9%), and the age group ranging from 20 to 39 years of age was 50.4% of patients with pelvic fracture. 2) Of l39 pelvic fractures in 123 patients, unilateral pubic rami fractures were most common (31.7%), and followed by bilateral pubic rami fractures (25.9%), Malgaigne fractures (22.3%). acetabular fractures (8.6%), and separation of the symphysis pubis (5.8%) in order of frequency. 3) 38 cases (30.9%) of the pelvic fractures were associated with lower urinary tract injuries. From the view of fracture pattern, 47.2% of bilateral pubic rami fractures, 38. 7% of Malgaigne fractures, 25.0% of separation of the symphysis pubis and 13.6% of unilateral pubic rami fractures were associated with lowed urinary tact injuries. 4) The most common cause of lower urinary tact injuries associated with pelvic fracture was traffic accident (81.6%), and that of those not _associated with pelvic fracture was fall-down including the straddle injury (62.5%). 5) The other associated injuries were more common in cases with pelvic fracture (39.5%) than in those without pelvic fracture (22.5%). 6) Complications of urethroplasty were also more frequently observed in urethral ruptures with pelvic fracture (42.3%) than in those without pelvic fracture (23.5%). 7) Mortality rate of the lower urinary tract injuries was 3.8%, and all the deads were observed in cases associated with pelvic fracture.
Accidents, Traffic ; Acetabulum ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Mortality ; Rupture ; Urinary Tract*

Clinical observations were made on l23 patients with pelvic fractures and 78 patients with 1ower urinary tract injury in the Kyungpook National University Hospital during the period of 6 years from Jan., 1968 to Dec., 1973. The results were as follows: 1) The most common cause of pelvic fractures was traffic accident (78.9%), and the age group ranging from 20 to 39 years of age was 50.4% of patients with pelvic fracture. 2) Of l39 pelvic fractures in 123 patients, unilateral pubic rami fractures were most common (31.7%), and followed by bilateral pubic rami fractures (25.9%), Malgaigne fractures (22.3%). acetabular fractures (8.6%), and separation of the symphysis pubis (5.8%) in order of frequency. 3) 38 cases (30.9%) of the pelvic fractures were associated with lower urinary tract injuries. From the view of fracture pattern, 47.2% of bilateral pubic rami fractures, 38. 7% of Malgaigne fractures, 25.0% of separation of the symphysis pubis and 13.6% of unilateral pubic rami fractures were associated with lowed urinary tact injuries. 4) The most common cause of lower urinary tact injuries associated with pelvic fracture was traffic accident (81.6%), and that of those not _associated with pelvic fracture was fall-down including the straddle injury (62.5%). 5) The other associated injuries were more common in cases with pelvic fracture (39.5%) than in those without pelvic fracture (22.5%). 6) Complications of urethroplasty were also more frequently observed in urethral ruptures with pelvic fracture (42.3%) than in those without pelvic fracture (23.5%). 7) Mortality rate of the lower urinary tract injuries was 3.8%, and all the deads were observed in cases associated with pelvic fracture.
Accidents, Traffic ; Acetabulum ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Mortality ; Rupture ; Urinary Tract*

Recently, renal traumas caused by traffic and industrial accidents have risen sharply due to rapid industrialization and an increase in automobiles. Renal traumas in such a modem industrialized era show different aspects compared with those in the past. We reviewed the charts and x-ray films of the 80 patients who had been hospitalized due to renal trauma during the period January 1988 to June 1993 to examine the causes and the extents of trauma, methods of imaging study, their treatments and results. According to the review, the ratio of men to woman was 66:14. with 46 cases in the active 21 to 50 age group. By cause, traffic accidents comprised 41 cases or 51.3%, falls marked 20 cases, followed by 16 cases of assault and 3 cases of stab injury. 5 patients died among the 28 cases suffering serious renal trauma associated with multiple injuries, for a high mortality rate of 19%. The reason for this high rate was that the degree of multiple injuries with renal trauma was most severe in traffic accidents and falls. We are of the opinion that close and prompt cooperation with other associated medical departments is mandatory in order to reduce morbidity and mortality caused by multiple injury.
Accidents, Occupational ; Accidents, Traffic ; Automobiles ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Modems ; Mortality ; Multiple Trauma ; X-Ray Film

OBJECTIVETo analyze and summarize the secular trend and influencing factors of road traffic injuries(RTI) in China, so as to provide evidence for the management of traffic safety.

METHODSIndexes as fatalities per 10,000 vehicles, fatalities per 100,000 population, fatalities per 10,000 kilometers, motorization(number of vehicles per 1000 population) and mortal coefficient were used. Clustering analysis and ranking correlation were used to analyze the relative factors.

RESULTSThe number of casualties of RTI had doubled every decade before the year of 2000. One hundred thousand people were killed in RTI every year since 2000. Facts as: Gross National Product(GNP) of China exceeded 1000 USD in 2002, number of motor vehicles reached 1.3 million in 2005, had both influenced the rates of road traffic fatality, mileage fatality and mortal coefficient which causing them to drop since 2002. In China, RTI happened in the underdeveloped districts in the western part of the country including Tibet, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Qinghai, and in some coastal areas as Zhejiang and Guangdong provinces. Men seemed to be more at risk than women in RTI, and accounted for three-quarters of the victims. Majority of fatalities happened in 21-50 year olds and the fatalities among those over 65 year olds had risen every year. The vulnerable populations in road-user category were pedestrians, passengers, motorcyclists and bicyclists. Under most situations, drivers were responsible for RTI and over half of them were professionals. Bad behaviors were the major causes of RTI, including exceeding the speed limit, handle misfeasance, breaking traffic rules and regulation, having taken alcohol or driving with fatigue etc. Exceeding the speed limit was the most risky factor which causing 75% of the RTI and the traffic deaths increased between 2002 to 2004. A positive correlation was discovered between population fatality rate and the factors as the number of vehicles, volume of road haulage, volume of passengers and the degree of highway etc. with correlation coefficients as r1 = 0.986, r2 = 0.986, r3 = 0.987, r4 = 0.985, P = 0.001, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSince 1951, the population fatality rate of RTI had been going up continuously until it began to fall in 2003.

Accidents, Traffic ; mortality ; statistics & numerical data ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Wounds and Injuries ; mortality

OBJECTIVETo study the trend of accidental death among children under 5 years of age in Beijing.

METHODSCases of death in children under 5 years old in Beijing, during 2003-2012 were collected, to analyze the strength and trends of accidental death, main causes of accident and its epidemiological features.

RESULTSThe overall accidental death was 8.47% of all death among children under 5 years old in Beijing during 2003-2012. During these 10 years, data showed a downward trend on the mortality rates on injuries (P < 0.05), especially on drowning, in 1-4 year old and rural children under five years of age. In 2012, the accidental death rate of children under five was 6.37/105. The 5 main causes of accidental deaths were suffocation, traffic accident, falling, poisoning and drowning, in order of size. The main causes of death were suffocation in the 0-1 year group, suffocation and traffic accident in the 1-2 year group and traffic accident in the 3-4 year group. The proportion of deaths due to traffic accident increased gradually with age. Area distribution showed that accidental deaths mainly happened in rural area (52.19%), with two main types as traffic accident and suffocation.

CONCLUSIONThe reduction of accidental death rate among children under 5 years old in Beijing mainly was caused by the decline of accident mortality in 1-4 year old and children in the rural areas. Our data suggested that the focus in reducing the accidental death rate among children under 5 years old in Beijing should target on the prevention of infant suffocation and traffic accidents among the 1-4 year old, with rural areas in particular.

Accidents ; mortality ; Accidents, Traffic ; mortality ; Asphyxia ; mortality ; Cause of Death ; Child Mortality ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Drowning ; mortality ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Suicide

The incidence of abdominal trauma has increased in recent decades as the frequency of traffic accidents increased. Early symptoms and signs of blunt abdominal trauma may be absent and associated injuries frequently detract physicians from early diagnosis of abdominal trauma. Delayed diagnosis has been shown to be associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Gastrointestinal tract is the third most commonly injured organ from blunt abdominal trauma. Gastric ruptures after blunt abdominal trauma were reported occasionally, but reports of upper gastrointestinal bleeding by gastric mucosal tear were very rare. Four cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to gastric mucosal tear after blunt abdominal trauma are herein reported with a review of related literatures.
Accidents, Traffic ; Delayed Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hemorrhage ; Incidence ; Mortality ; Stomach Rupture

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study is to estimate the incidence trend of head injury and the mortality based on traffic accident statistics and to investigate the impacts of rapid industrialization and economic growth on epidemiology of head injury in Korea over the period 1970-2012 including both pre-industrialized and post-industrialized stages. METHODS: We collected data of head injury estimated from traffic accident statistics and seven hospital based reports to see incidence trends between 1970 and 2012. We also investigated the population structure and Gross National Income (GNI) per capita of Korea over the same period. The age specific data were investigated from 1992 to 2012. RESULTS: The incidence of head injury gradually rose in the 1970s and the 1980s but stabilized until the 1990s with transient rise and then started to decline slowly in the 2000s. The mortality grew until 1991 but gradually declined ever since. However, the old age groups showed rather slight increase in both rates. The degree of decrease in the mortality has been more rapid than the incidence on head injury. CONCLUSION: In Korea during the low income stage, rapid industrialization cause considerable increase in the mortality and the incidence of head injury. During the high income stage, the incidence of head injury gradually declined and the mortality dropped more rapidly than the incidence due to preventive measures and satisfactory medical care. Nevertheless, the old age groups revealed rather slight increase in both rates owing to the large population structure and the declining birth rate.
Accidents, Traffic* ; Birth Rate ; Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Economic Development ; Epidemiology ; Head* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea* ; Mortality ; Industrial Development