Accidents, Traffic ; mortality ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Research

OBJECTIVETo analyze and summarize the secular trend and influencing factors of road traffic injuries(RTI) in China, so as to provide evidence for the management of traffic safety.

METHODSIndexes as fatalities per 10,000 vehicles, fatalities per 100,000 population, fatalities per 10,000 kilometers, motorization(number of vehicles per 1000 population) and mortal coefficient were used. Clustering analysis and ranking correlation were used to analyze the relative factors.

RESULTSThe number of casualties of RTI had doubled every decade before the year of 2000. One hundred thousand people were killed in RTI every year since 2000. Facts as: Gross National Product(GNP) of China exceeded 1000 USD in 2002, number of motor vehicles reached 1.3 million in 2005, had both influenced the rates of road traffic fatality, mileage fatality and mortal coefficient which causing them to drop since 2002. In China, RTI happened in the underdeveloped districts in the western part of the country including Tibet, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Qinghai, and in some coastal areas as Zhejiang and Guangdong provinces. Men seemed to be more at risk than women in RTI, and accounted for three-quarters of the victims. Majority of fatalities happened in 21-50 year olds and the fatalities among those over 65 year olds had risen every year. The vulnerable populations in road-user category were pedestrians, passengers, motorcyclists and bicyclists. Under most situations, drivers were responsible for RTI and over half of them were professionals. Bad behaviors were the major causes of RTI, including exceeding the speed limit, handle misfeasance, breaking traffic rules and regulation, having taken alcohol or driving with fatigue etc. Exceeding the speed limit was the most risky factor which causing 75% of the RTI and the traffic deaths increased between 2002 to 2004. A positive correlation was discovered between population fatality rate and the factors as the number of vehicles, volume of road haulage, volume of passengers and the degree of highway etc. with correlation coefficients as r1 = 0.986, r2 = 0.986, r3 = 0.987, r4 = 0.985, P = 0.001, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSince 1951, the population fatality rate of RTI had been going up continuously until it began to fall in 2003.

Accidents, Traffic ; mortality ; statistics & numerical data ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Wounds and Injuries ; mortality

OBJECTIVETo make an epidemiological analysis of the effect of environment on extremely severe road traffic crashes (RTCs).

METHODSEpidemiologic data of extremely severe RTCs associated with environmental factors, including weather, topography, road conditions and other traffic conditions in Mainland China during 2000-2001, were collected and analyzed.

RESULTS(1) During 2000-2001, there were 3365 extremely severe RTCs with 13666 deaths, 12204 injuries and a direct economical loss of 136 million RMB. (2) Most extremely severe RTCs occurred in fine weather days and in the daytime. The high occurrence sites were plain areas, horizontal and straight roads, Grade B and C roads, ordinary road segment, and asphalt, smooth and mixed roads. (3) Compared with other RTCs, extremely severe RTCs were more likely to happen under following conditions: on cloudy, snowing, misty and blustering days; in hill and mountainous areas; on crooked and sloping roads; on freeway, Grade A, B, and C roads; mixed roads; ordinary, bridge, narrow and transitional roads; sand and dirt-roads; without traffic control measures; night without lighting. (4) Extremely severe RTCs of mountainous area or crooked and sloping roads were most severe in terms of deaths and injures per crash.

CONCLUSIONSExtremely severe RTCs are closely related with environmental factors. Rational road programming, enhancing road establishment and improving road conditions are probably effective measures to reduce the road traffic injuries.

Accidents, Traffic ; mortality ; statistics & numerical data ; China ; Environment ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies

Accidents, Traffic ; mortality ; prevention & control ; statistics & numerical data ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo date, there has been little information published on the death of rural road accident deaths. This study uses burden of injury method to explore a more accurate estimate of years of life lost due to road traffic crashes occurring over a four-year period in Guilan province, northern Iran.

METHODSRural road accident deaths from 2009 to 2013 were extracted from Iran's Forensic Medicine System, Death Registry System and Road Trauma Research center database.

RESULTSDuring the study period, the average years of life lost due to motor vehicle crashes was 13.8 per 1 000 persons, ranging from 11.9 during March 2011-2012 to 15.8 per 1 000 persons during March 2012-2013.

CONCLUSIONRoad accident deaths in 2013 remained at the same high level as in 2009. The information obtained from this study provides a new perspective on fatal road traffic crash victims in rural settings and show us that more attention is needed in this area.

Accidents, Traffic ; mortality ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Income ; Iran ; Rural Population

OBJECTIVETo compare fatalities and injuries in road traffic crashes (RTC) in Iran with other countries.

METHODSData were obtained from national health sources of Iran. These data included population number, registered motor-vehicles number, number of RTCs and consequent fatalities and injuries from 1997 to 2006.

RESULTSRTC fatality and injury rates increased from 1997 to 2005, but decreased in 2006. The overall men/women ratio in the RTC fatalities was 4.2:1. High RTC fatality rate of 39 per 100 000 population in Iran was almost the same as some other developing countries. In Iran, RTC fatalities in recent years were almost twice as much as the highest rate among the European countries.

CONCLUSIONSThis investigation shows that in spite of reduction of RTC fatality in Iran in 2006, it is still one of the highest in the world. Moreover, this paper describes the state of RTC-related parameters in a developing country in comparison with the developed countries.

Accidents, Traffic ; statistics & numerical data ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Female ; Humans ; Iran ; epidemiology ; Male ; Wounds and Injuries ; epidemiology ; mortality

PURPOSE: By studying the economic data related to road traffic accidents in recent 10 years, this paper explores the impact of various economic factors on the number of casualties in traffic accidents in China, and puts forward related prevention and management measures. METHODS: Based on five economic factors including the number of new health institutions, health investment, transportation investment and disposable income per capita, this paper collects the data of traffic accidents in 31 provinces and municipalities of China from 2004 to 2016 and estimates the parameters using fixed effect model. RESULTS: The number of health institutions, health investment, transportation investment and disposable income per capita are negatively correlated with the number of traffic accident casualties; the number of new health institutions is positively correlated with the number of traffic accident casualties; health investment and transportation investment have a great impact on the number of road traffic accident casualties. CONCLUSION Economic development has a positive impact on improving traffic conditions, but the increase in the number of new health institutions does not reduce the number of casualties in accidents. The irrational layout of health institutions and imperfect road traffic management mechanism should be taken into account.
Accidents, Traffic ; mortality ; prevention & control ; statistics & numerical data ; China ; epidemiology ; Economics ; Health ; economics ; Health Facilities ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Income ; Time Factors ; Transportation ; economics ; Wounds and Injuries ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVECurrently, China is in short of thorough and systemic data concerning the patterns and incidence of injuries and related deaths. Guangdong Province as one of the economically advanced areas in China is faced with a relatively serious injury problem, and investigation of this problem in this Province will provide valuable information for other provinces and areas in this Country, as well as scientific basis for policy making for injury prevention and control.

METHODSAnalyses are based on the computerized hospital discharge data collected from 322 hospitals in Guangdong Province between 1997 and 2001. Diagnoses are coded according to the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM).

RESULTSThe total hospitalization rate related with injuries increased year by year from 1997 to 2001. The ratio of case-fatality has a decline trend for all injury inpatients, who were mainly caused by motor vehicle accidents, unintentional falls, puncture and cut by machine and others. The constituent ratio of death among patients caused by motor vehicle accidents accounted for 56.13% among the total deaths, which ranked as the first place. The direct medical cost also had an increased trend.

CONCLUSIONSData on injuries requiring hospitalization can be used to design and target more effective injury prevention programs. Injury prevention would decrease human sufferings, disability, and associated economic losses.

Accidents, Traffic ; statistics & numerical data ; trends ; China ; epidemiology ; Hospital Information Systems ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Wounds and Injuries ; epidemiology ; etiology ; mortality

Authors reviewed 1809 childhood accident cases who visited the emergency room of Soon Chun hyung Hospital from May, 1974 to Aug. 1980. The following results were obtained; 1. Incidence of accidents was 4.1% of all patients who visited emergency room. 2. The highest age incidence was in the age group of 5-9 years, especially in Falldown, Traffic accident, Laceration accident. But Burn, Poisoning and Foreign body accidents were most frequent in the age group of 1-4 years. 3. Male to Female ratio was 1.74:1 4. Seasonal Distibution showed high incidence in Spring and Summer. 5. Accidents were happenedmostly at 4:00 PM - 8:00 PM 6. Causes of Accidents were Falldown(28.3%), Traffic accident (22.4%), Laceration(22.0%), Burn(9.5%), Poisoning (7.5%), Foreign body(4.0%), and Others(3.1%), listed in decreasing order of frequency. 7. Head was the part of the body most frequently involved in Fallodwn, Traffic accident and Laceration accidents. 8. Mortality rate was 7.2% of all accidents and traffic accident was the most common cause of death. Mortality was highest in the age group of 1-4 years.
Accidents, Traffic ; Burns ; Cause of Death ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; Head ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lacerations ; Male ; Mortality ; Poisoning ; Seasons ; Statistics as Topic*

OBJECTIVETo explore the morbidity, mortality, and disease burden of traffic injury in children aged 0-17 years so as to develop a related strategy on prevention.

METHODS100,000 households were selected by PPS sampling method in Jiangxi province. All children aged 0-17 years in selected households were interviewed by trained interviewers using a standardized 'traffic injury questionnaire'.

RESULTSThe overall mortality and fatality rates of traffic injury were 10.17/100,000 and 1.36% respectively while the traffic injury morbidity in children of 0-17 years old was 7.40 per thousand. Morbidity in males was 8.29 per thousand compared to 6.26 per thousand in females. Severe cases accounted for 1.79 per thousand of the total but those living in urban area appeared to be 0.93 per thousand compared to 1.88 per thousand in the rural area, with statistical significance. Pedestrian and cyclists related injuries accounted for 80.48% of all the injured children. The average medical cost per case was 1369.57 Yuan with an average of 3.63 days of hospitalization. The average days of missing school/working was 8.79.

CONCLUSIONThe morbidity and mortality among male children were higher than those among female children. The morbidity of severe traffic injury cases in children living in rural area was higher than that of children living in urban area. The disease burden of traffic injury in Jiangxi province was heavy and the development of relative intervention strategy seemed urgent in Jiangxi province.

Accidents, Traffic ; economics ; mortality ; statistics & numerical data ; Adolescent ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Cost of Illness ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Morbidity ; Sampling Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires