Falls are the most common injury causing death or long term disability particularly among children. This study aimed to identify the risk factors of the unintentional injuries due to falls in children aged less than five years in Yemen. This cross sectional study enrolled a total of 439 children under five years old from the emergency department of 6 hospitals in Sana'a city. Multistage sampling was used to select six hospitals from public and private sectors in Sana'a city. Face to face interviews were conducted by using a structured questionnaire. Simple logistic regression and multiple logistic regression were used in the analysis. The prevalence of falls among children under five years old was 21.2%. In the multivariate analysis, factors associated with falls among children were young mother (aOR= 0.9, 95% CI 0.81-0.91), working of mother (aOR= 4.5 95% CI 2.40-7.65), frequent family social gatherings (aOR= 2.7, 95% CI 1.54-4.61), number of children at home (aOR= 2.6, 95% CI 1.43-4.64), chewing khat by father (aOR= 2.4, 95% CI 1.38-4.10), presence of staircase in the house (aOR= 2.1, 95% CI 1.24-3.70), number of rooms at home (aOR= 2.2, 95% CI 1.17-3.99) and disabled children (aOR= 3.3, 95% CI 1.20-9.27). In the study, socio-economic and cultural factors such as family gathering and chewing khat were associated with home fall injury among children under 5 years old in Yemen. Health promotion program should take place to reduce the occurrence of fall injury.
Accidental Falls ; Child Welfare ; Accidents, Home ; Child

We performed a retrospective study of perforating eye injuries treated at Kyung-pook National University Hospital during period from 1983 to 1987. Total number of patient with perforating eye injuries was 233(237 eyes). Of these 233 cases, 194(83.3%) were male and 39(16.7%) were female. Mostly, they were under 30 years of age and the peak age group was the most frequent(126 patient 54%) and combined corneoscleral perforation was next. The complication was mostly lens opacity, 95(40%) out of 237 eyes. Uveal prolapse were seen in 70(29.5%) eyes, traumatic hyphama was seen in 49(20.7%) eyes, IOFB(Intraocular-Foreign body) was seen in 22(9.3%)eyes, and vitreous hemorrhage was seen in 20(8.4%) eyes. Other less-frequent complications included retinal lesion(4.2%), iridopialysis(2.1%), and optic nerve injury(0.4%). The most frequent cause of perforating eye injuries was industrial accidents followed by home accidents and traffic accidents. The causes of decreased visual acuity was mostly corneal opacity, 80 out of 237 eyes(33%) followed by vitreous opacity, 18(7.9%)eyes. Final visual acuity better than 0.5 was noted in 79(33.3%).
Accidents, Home ; Accidents, Occupational ; Accidents, Traffic ; Cataract ; Corneal Opacity ; Eye Injuries ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Optic Nerve ; Prolapse ; Retinaldehyde ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity ; Vitreous Hemorrhage

One hundred and fifteen thoracolumbar vertebrel fractures Out. of 85 patients were avaluated in this study. In 97 cases out of 65 patients, angular deformity and loss of height of the fractured vertebral bodies were measured, and for 6. 3 months in average follow up study was made in 23 cases out of 18 patients. The angular deformity became increased from 18.4 degrees to 21. 0 degrees wheroas loss of height has also increased from 38.6 to 40.8%, showing little statical value. Incidence was higher in male than in female without seasonal differences. Age incidence ranged from 16 to 78, and most frequent in third and fourth decades. Causes of injury were industrial accident, traffic accident, home accident and fall from height. Location of injury was mainly twelfth thoracic and first lumbar vertebrae. As associated injury, fracture of the rib, ulna, malleolus and calcaneus in order. Conservative treatment was a method of choice, while operstive treatment was performed in 7%.
Accidents, Home ; Accidents, Occupational ; Accidents, Traffic ; Calcaneus ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Male ; Methods ; Ribs ; Seasons ; Ulna

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to identify effects of emotional labor, job stress and personal resources on job satisfaction in home healthcare nurses. METHODS: The subjects were 149 home healthcare nurses working for home healthcare centers at 61 hospitals. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from November 22, 2010 to February 28, 2011 and analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS: The mean score of emotional labor level was 4.23+/-0.95, that of job stress level 3.39+/-0.57, that of personal resources 3.38+/-0.36, and that of job satisfaction 3.31+/-0.40. There were positive correlations among emotional labor, job stress, personal resources and job satisfaction. After age, educational level, job position, and work period in home health care, and traffic accident were controlled, the variables, emotional labor (beta=-.198, p = .034) and personal resources (beta=.236, p = .005) turned out to account for 13.3% of the job satisfaction. But job stress was not a statistically significant predictor. CONCLUSION: Home healthcare nurses were needed to minimize emotional labor and revitalize personal resources in order to maintain a comparatively high level of job satisfaction. Furthermore, it is necessary to carry out systematic education and an organizational management scheme into practice.
Accidents, Traffic ; Amides ; Benzene Derivatives ; Delivery of Health Care ; Home Care Services ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Linear Models ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUNDMore and more Chinese drink hot water from water dispensers while many children were scalded due to this change. The present study aimed to propose a feasible strategy for prevention.

METHODSA retrospective study was conducted for all water dispensers related pediatric burns admitted to Changhai Hospital from January 2005 to December 2009.

RESULTSThe number of new cases and incidences of pediatric burns due to hot water from water dispensers was significantly increasing year after year. In the total 238 involved cases, 175 cases happened on males and 78.9% were at the age of 1 - 4 years. The burn areas were mainly located in upper extremities. All water dispensers in the surveyed families had no isolate protection devices and 85.2% of their locations were easy for children to reach. Nearly half of the children were in the same room with their guardians when injured. Total 196 burned children were playing the taps of water dispensers before injured, unfortunately, 80.6% of them have not been stopped until burned.

CONCLUSIONAs the kind of burns is quite serious and with bad outcome, some recommendations should be followed, such as buying water dispensers with protection devices, keeping children from touching them and so on.

Accidents, Home ; Adolescent ; Burns ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Water

The purpose of this article is to report a case of an asymptomatic intralenticular metallic foreign body that was retained for 6 months. A 66-year-old male visited our ophthalmology department because of decreased visual acuity in his left eye 6 months after he suffered ocular trauma while mowing. He had not been treated because he did not experience any discomfort. His corrected visual acuity was 0.4. Central corneal opacity, an intralenticular metallic foreign body, and an intact posterior capsule were observed on slit lamp examination. Phacoemulsification with posterior chamber lens implantation and simultaneous removal of the intralenticular foreign body was performed. Seventeen days after the operation, his corrected visual acuity was 1.0, the intraocular lens was well-seated, and there was no intraocular inflammation. In this case report, a patient was found to have an intralenticular metallic foreign body retained for 6 months. During this time he did not experience any ocular dysfunction due to the foreign body. Mowing accidents are common in Korea. Despite the absence of symptoms, patients reporting a history of lawn mowing should be thoroughly examined.
Accidents, Home ; Aged ; Eye Foreign Bodies/*etiology/surgery ; Eye Injuries, Penetrating/*etiology/surgery ; Humans ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Lens, Crystalline/*injuries ; Male ; *Metals ; Phacoemulsification ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To investigate the educational needs and attitudes of homemakers regarding emergency situations in the home and to compare differences in perceptions about emergency situations according to the general characteristics of homemakers and differences between homemakers and emergency physicians METHODS: Using a written survey of a randomly selected sample, we questioned 69 emergency physicians and 450 homemakers over a 5 month period from November 2008 to March 2009. The survey consisted of 8 medical conditions and 16 injury-related conditions. It contained questions (using a Likert scale) about the need for education about each condition (the higher the score, the greater the need). We also determined homemakers' general characteristics: their age, educational background, number of children, gender of their children, age of their children, the existence of older families, and prior training in the process of resuscitation. RESULTS: A total of 346(77%) homemakers responded. For most conditions, the average scores were higher (greater need) among homemakers than among emergency physicians. There were significant differences between these two groups, especially for seizure, fever, dyspnea, bleeding, contusions (of the head, face, extremities, cervical spine and other areas), wounds (of the head, face, oral cavity and extremities), amputated tissue control, injury to teeth, burns, foreign body ingestion, intoxication, and electrical shock. According to the general characteristics of homemakers, the educational background affected the educational needs for homemakers for dyspnea, and for contusions of the head, face, and cervical spine. CONCLUSION: The need for education regarding emergency conditions in the home are higher in the eyes of homemakers than in the eyes of emergency physicians. General characteristics of homemakers affects educational needs. The subject of educational program about first aid will be chosen according to general characteristics of homemakers. according to general characteristics of homemakers.
Accidents, Home ; Burns ; Child ; Contusions ; Dyspnea ; Eating ; Emergencies ; Extremities ; Eye ; First Aid ; Foreign Bodies ; Head ; Hemorrhage ; Housekeeping ; Humans ; Mouth ; Resuscitation ; Seizures, Febrile ; Shock ; Spine ; Tooth

OBJECTIVETo understand the incidence of falls in different residents of four communities in Zhejiang Province to provide a basis for their prevention and control.

METHODSA household questionnaire survey on falls was conducted in 16 899 residents of two urban and two rural communities during November 2000 to October 2001.

RESULTSStandardized incidence rate of falls was 5.07%, higher in rural areas (5.23%) than that in urban areas (4.95%) and showing no significant differences by gender. Falls occurred in September and October accounted for 11.68% and 19.22% and those occurred in pre-school children and the elderly accounted for 22.94% and 19.46% of the total episodes, respectively. Leading causes of falls varied in different population, from falls during their play (7.65%) and sports (4.06%) in young people and pre-school children (19.12%), slipping down when walking in adult (1.21%) and elderly (4.28%) men, and slipping down when up and down stairs in adult and elderly women. Burden and severity of injury caused by falls were increased with age.

CONCLUSIONSIncidence of falls in pre-school children and the elderly was higher in local residents of communities in Zhejiang Province, causing heavy burden to the society and their families. Varied relevant measures should be taken to prevent and control for falls in different subgroups of population.

Accidental Falls ; economics ; statistics & numerical data ; Accidents, Home ; economics ; statistics & numerical data ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rural Health ; Sampling Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urban Health

Community-based centres were surveyed to determine the frequency of and risk factors for falls among elderly Koreans. We examined fall-related risk factors, including physiological and physical health, psychosocial functions, self-reported physical capacity and activity, vision, and the use of medication, among 351 elderly people aged 65 years or older, with ambulatory. Forty-two per cent of elderly Korean subjects reported at least one episode of falling in the previous 12 months, 38% of whom had consequences that required either the attention of a physician or hospitalization. Factors significantly associated with an increased risk of falling were a restricted activity during the previous five years (adjusted OR 1.3), use of alternative therapy (adjusted OR 2.7), low knee flexor and extensor-muscle strength (adjusted OR 1.21 and 1.20), and poor balance with closed eyes (adjusted OR 8.32). We conclude that falls among older persons living in the community are common in Korea and that indicator of bad health and frailty or variables directly related to neuromuscular impairment are significant predictors of the risk of falling.
Accidental Falls/prevention & control/*statistics & numerical data ; Accidents, Home/prevention & control/*statistics & numerical data ; Activities of Daily Living ; Aged/physiology/psychology/*statistics & numerical data ; Aged, 80 and over ; Drug Utilization ; Female ; Gait ; Geriatric Assessment ; Health Status ; Housing/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Mental Health ; Population Surveillance ; Prevalence ; Questionnaires ; Residence Characteristics/statistics & numerical data ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Vision Disorders/complications/epidemiology