No abstract available.
Absorptiometry, Photon* ; Bone Density*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of treadmill walking exercise on the BMD (Bone Mineral Density) and BMI (Body Mass Index) of middle-aged women in their forties. METHOD: A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used for this study. The experiment was conducted for 10 weeks from May 17 to July 25, 2004 with 29 middle-aged women in their forties, who were assigned to a walking exercise group (16) or a control group (13). The experimental group had not exercised regularly before participating in this program. The control group received no exercise treatment during the research period. The BMD and BMI were measured with peripheral dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and bioelectrical impidence analysis, respectively. chi-square-test and Mann-Whitney U test with the SPSS version 11.0 program were used to analyze the data. RESULT: Treadmill walking exercise was effective for middle-aged women in increasing BMD and decreasing BMI. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate a need to develop walking exercise protocols for middle-aged women to help them achieve a healthy life.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Female ; Humans ; Walking

No abstract available.
Absorptiometry, Photon* ; Bone Density* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

In order to meet the requirements of ultrasound bone density measurement, we proposed a software solution to improve the accuracy and speed of measurement of bone mineral density of the ultrasound bone densitometer. We used a high-speed USB interface chip FT232H, along with a high-speed AD converter chip to calculate speed of sound (SOS), broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA ) and other bone density parameters in the PC software. This solution improved the accuracy of the measurement data, reduced the measurement time and increased the quality of the displayed image. It is well concluded that the new software can greatly improve the accuracy and transmission speed of bone density measurement data through a high-speed USB interface and a software data processing technology.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Bone Density ; Software ; Sound ; Ultrasonics

No abstract available.
Absorptiometry, Photon* ; Bone Density* ; Femur* ; Osteoporotic Fractures*

No abstract available.
Absorptiometry, Photon* ; Bone Density* ; Osteoporotic Fractures* ; Spine*

PURPOSE: The Singh index which is based on a plain radiograph has commonly used in assessing the grade of osteoporosis. We studied value of the Singh index in assessing the grade of osteoporosis by obtaining reliability of the Singh index and correlation between the Singh index and bone mineral density. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six observers assessed radiographs of 60 patients suspected osteoporosis. The interobserver and intraobserver agreement of the Singh index were obtained by using kappa statistics. The bone mineral density of proximal femur was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in all patients, and then the results of bone mineral density were compared with those of Singh index by using percentage of variance. RESULTS: The kappa values of interobserver agreement ranged from 0.28 to 0.76 (mean value: 0.45) and the strength of the agreement was moderate. The percentage of variance of BMD which was explained by Singh index was 7.1%. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that the Singh index has low clinical value in assessing the grade of osteoporosis
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Bone Density ; Femur ; Humans ; Osteoporosis*

Introduction: Among older populations, osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common chronic joint disorders and is a leading cause of disability, while osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease, conferring fragility and significant risk of fracture. The relationship between OA and osteoporosis remains controversial. Although earlier studies reported an inverse association between the two diseases, more recent literature found a complex relationship mediated by various factors. Objective: The investigators sought to determine the association of osteoporosis with radiologic grading of the hip among older Filipino patients with suspected hip osteoarthritis. Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted involving 256 patients with suspected hip OA who underwent radiography of the hips and central dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Radiographs of the hips were evaluated by a radiologist using the Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grading scale, while central DXA images were processed and evaluated by a nuclear medicine physician using the World Health Organization criteria for the diagnosis of osteoporosis and the 2019 International Society for Clinical Densitometry guidelines. The primary outcome measures were the prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with suspected hip OA, and the association of osteoporosis with radiologic KL grading of the hips. The secondary outcome measure was the association of osteoporosis with sex and BMI. Results: The study found that osteoporosis was present in 136 (53.1%) of the 256 patients who all presented with radiologic evidence of hip OA. There was a positive association between the presence of osteoporosis and the radiologic grade of hip OA (p-value: 0.006 on the right hip and 0.036 on the left). Osteoporosis was more prevalent in women compared to men (p-value: 0.031). Likewise, osteoporosis had a direct relationship with BMI (p-value: <0.001). Conclusion Osteoporosis was prevalent in a significant proportion of older Filipino patients with clinical and radiologic evidence of hip OA, particularly among women, and was positively associated with increasing severity of OA. The study suggests that obesity may not necessarily protect against osteoporosis in this population, possibly relating to increased adiposity and decreased lean muscle mass.
Osteoporosis ; Osteoarthritis ; Osteoarthritis, Hip ; Absorptiometry, Photon

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the osteoporotic condition and periodontal condition in postmenopausal women with periodontitis. Forty three female postmenopausal patients with no systemic disease were grouped into 3 groups by their periodontal conditions; 12 mild periodontitis, 11 moderate periodontitis and 20 advanced periodontitis. From each patient, age of menopause was taken, alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and osteocalcin (OC) in blood and deoxypyridinoline (DPD) in urine were measured. Bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine (L2-L4) was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Periodontal and osteoporotic parameters were compared among the groups and correlation coefficient between them was evaluated. The blood ALP and OC levels were similar among the groups with different periodontal condition, whereas the urine DPD level and BMD were significantly lower in advanced periodontitis group than the other groups(p<0.01). Probing depth was negatively related with BMD (r=-0.5, p<0.01) and positively related with patient age and the duration of menopause (r= 0.32 and 0.35 respectively, p<0.05). Clinical attachment loss was negatively related with BMD (r=-0.66, p<0.01), and positively related with urine DPD (r= 0.37, p<0.05). These results showed that postmenopausal women with advanced periodontitis had significantly decreased bone mineral density and suggests that decreased bone mineral density in postmenopausal women could be associated with periodontal tissue breakdown.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Bone Density ; Female ; Humans ; Menopause ; Osteocalcin ; Periodontitis* ; Spine

BACKGROUND: Although dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is known to standard equipment for bone mineral density (BMD) measurements. Different results of BMD measurement using a number of different types of devices are difficult to use clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate discrepancy and standardizations of DXA devices from three manufactures using a European Spine Phantom (ESP). METHODS: We calculated the accuracy and precision of 36 DXA devices from three manufacturers (10 Hologic, 16 Lunar, and 10 Osteosys) using a ESP (semi-anthropomorphic). The ESP was measured 5 times on each equipment without repositioning. Accuracy was assessed by comparing BMD (g/cm2) values measured on each device with the actual value of the phantom. Precision was assessed by the coefficient of variation (CVsd). RESULTS: Lunar devices were, on average, 22%, 8.3%, and 5% overestimation for low (L1) BMD values, medium (L2), and high (L3) BMD values. Hologic devices were, on average, 6% overestimation for L1 BMD, and 5% and 6.2% underestimation for L2 and L3 BMD values. Osteosys devices was, on average, 12.7% (0.063 g/cm2), 6.3% (0.062 g/cm2), and 5% (0.075 g/cm2) underestimation for L1, L2, and L3, respectively. The mean CVsd for L1-L3 BMD were 0.01%, 0.78%, and 2.46% for Lunar, Hologic, and Osteosys devices respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The BMD comparison in this study demonstrates that BMD result of three different devices are significant different between three devices. Differences of BMD between three devices are necessary to BMD standardization.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Bone Density ; Densitometry* ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Spine*