·AIM: To study the results and complications of LASIK surgery after radial keratotomy.·METHODS: This descriptive study was carried out in Yazd LASIK Center, Yazd, Iran. Cases included all patients who had been operated between April 2003 and Septem-ber 2006. Data were collected via a special questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS software and paired t-test. ·RESULTS: Samples included 33 eyes of 23 patients of whom 11 (48%) were women and 12 (52%) were men. Their age ranged from 28 to 49 years old and the mean age was 31.6 years old. Two cases (6%) had openings of the previous radial keratotomy incisions during flap lifting and one case (3%) had moderate non-infec-tious keratitis. The mean preoperative spherical equivalent (SE) was -2.17±0.94D, while the posto-perative SE was -0.17±0.19D, the difference of which was significant (P=0.0001). Mean preoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 0.07±0.02 and the postopera-tive was 0.88±0.16, the difference of which was also significant (P=0.0001). The mean best spectacle correct-ed visual acuity prior to the operation was 0.93±0.08 and 0.92±0.08 after the operation, the difference of which was not significant (P=0.268).·CONCLUSION: LASIK surgery could improve residual myopia after the radial keratotomy without major complications during or postoperation, but necessity of the second procedure must be pondering and require careful case selection and assessment.

AIM: To evaluate the frequency and distribution of various types of post cataract surgery and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation posterior capsular opacity (PCO) in hospitals.METHODS: This cross sectional, observational and descriptive study included 200 patients, 123 male and 77 female aged between 43 and 77(mean age 62.4) years, referring for cataract procedure from 2003 till 2007. The mean follow-up period of patients was 23 (range from 16 to 60) months. Data were gathered during follow-up time via a questionnaire and entered in a computer using SPSS software. Analysis was performed using ANOVA and Chi-Square tests. RESULTS: The various types of PCO included, fibrotic (63%), residual epithelial proliferative cells (15%) and mixed type (22%). The mean time period for development of postoperative decreased visual acuity due to PCO was 19.3(range from 3 to 48) months, younger patients had a significantly better vision post cataract surgery (P=0.0001), but the incidence of PCO was also more in them. In the older age group, fibrotic PCO was significantly more, while mixed type of opacities were the least prevalent (P=0.016). CONCLUSION: The present study did not determine any specific risk factors for development of PCO, and the most common type was fibrosis, all of the cases experienced both qualitative and quantitative decrease in vision and some of them required treatment with YAG Laser capsulotomy which is relatively expensive and has its own complications.

·AIM:To evaluate and analyze the visual acuity after secondary anterior and posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in aphakic patients.The most common reasons for performing secondary implantation were dissatisfied with aphakic glasses and intolerance or reluctance to use contact lenses,·METHODS:In this prospective,non randomized compara-tive trial study was done at Ophthalmology Department of Sadoughi Hospital,Yazd,Iran from 1995 to 2005.Posterior chamber lens was inserted in 62 eyes (60.78%) and anterior chamber lens in 40 eyes (39.21%) depending upon the type of previous cataract surgery.Demographic and clinical data was analyzed from the patient's medical records during follow up.·RESULTS:102 patients [42 females (41.18%) and 60 males (58.82%)] underwent secondary lens implantation from 1995 to 2005.Their age range was between 48 and 72 years ( mean = 62.6 years),and mean follow up time was 20.2 months (range of 6 -72 months).There were minor intra operative and post operative complications.The state of visual acuity three months after procedure and final suture removal was as follows:visual acuity of 20/20 in 48 cases (47.05%),visual acuity of 20/40 or better in 51 patients (50%),and decrease in visual acuity (3 lines of snellens chart) in 3 cases (2.95%).·CONCLUSION:The short term complications were not more than that of primary cataract surgery with lens insertion and the visual acuity outcome was as good as the preoperative best correction, so secondary lens implantation appears to be safe and effective for aphakic correction.

AIM: To determine ocular motor nerve palsy in patients with head trauma.METHODS: There were three hundred admitted cases of head trauma in neurosurgery department of Shahid Rahnemon Hospital from March 2006 to September 2006. Data were collected with ophthalmic examinations, filled in questionnaires and analyzed by SPSS software statistically including Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test.RESULTS: A total of 300 patients were reviewed, 242 (81.1%) men and 58 (18.9%) women. Their age ranged from 1 to 87 years (mean of 46 years). Accident and fall were the most common causes of head trauma, occurring in 247 (82.3%) patients and most of patients had Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) 13-15(82.3%). The most cerebral lesion was subdural and subarachnoid hematoma. Isolated trochlear and abducens nerve palsy (28.6%), isolated oculomotor nerve and combined nerve palsies (combination of 3rd and 4th cranial nerves, 14.3%) were the most affected nerves.CONCLUSION: Although the cranial nerve palsy is rare with minor head trauma, according to their observation in emergency room, neuroophtalmic examination is advised.