1.Paediatric cholesteatoma: Experience of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre
Bee See GOH ; Jian Woei TEOH ; Rahim FAIZAH ; Saim LOKMAN ; Abdullah ASMA
Brunei International Medical Journal 2012;8(2):71-77
Introduction: Cholesteatoma is an aggressive disease and its management poses a greater challenge in children than in adults. This study reviews the experience of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre in the clinical presentation and management outcome of acquired cholesteatoma in paediatrics that required surgical interventions. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of case records of patients below 18 years old who underwent surgery from 1999 to 2010. Results: A total of 46 patients presented with 53 cases of cholesteatoma in which seven patients had bilateral disease. The age of presentation ranged from four to 18 years old with a mean age of 12 years. Male and female patients were 65% and 35% respectively. Otorrhoea or previous history of otorrhoea on presentation was found in 94% and 96% of them had hearing impairment. Cerebellopontine angle abscess, sigmoid sinus thrombosis and mastoiditis were among the complications. Tympanic membrane was retracted in 64% while 47% having had attic retraction and 53% had total atelectasis. A majority (85%) underwent canal wall down surgery with or without tympanoplasty. Post-operatively, 71% had improvement or preserved hearing level. The duration of follow up ranged from one month to 13 years and a quarter had recurrent disease and underwent revision surgeries. Conclusion: Majority of the cholesteatoma patients suffered from hearing loss and otorrhoea. Tympanic membrane retraction remained the most common clinical finding. Hence, children with persistent otorrhoea after adequate treatment may represent cholesteatoma. Surgical options of canal wall up and canal wall down procedures have equal risk of recurrence.
Cholesteatoma
;
Hearing Loss
;
Recurrence
2.Potential Health Impacts of Bauxite Mining in Kuantan
Noor Hisham Abdullah ; Norlen Mohamed ; Lokman Hakim Sulaiman ; Thahirahtul Asma Zakaria ; Daud Abdul Rahim
Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences 2016;23(3):1-8
Bauxite mining is not known to most Malaysian except recently due to environmental pollution
issues in Kuantan, Pahang. Potential impacts are expected to go beyond physical environment and
physical illness if the situation is not controlled. Loss of economic potentials, and the presence
of unpleasant red dust causing mental distress, anger and community outrage. More studies are
needed to associate it with chronic physical illness. While evidences are vital for action, merely
waiting for a disease to occur is a sign of failure in prevention. All responsible agencies should focus
on a wider aspect of health determinants rather than merely on the occurrence of diseases to act and
the need to emphasize on sustainable mining to ensure health of people is not compromised.
3.Bilateral microtia, canal atresia and aplasia of cochleovestibular nerve
Asma binti Abdullah ; Roslenda Abdul Rahman ; Fadzilah Ismail ; Mazita Ami ; Marina Mat Baki ; Aini Ab Aziz
The Medical Journal of Malaysia 2017;72(2):135-137
A six-month-old baby with congenital patent ductus
arteriosus (PDA), bilateral microtia and canal atresia was
referred for hearing assessment. The audiology assessment
revealed bilateral profound hearing loss, which is atypical
for a case of pure canal atresia. Imaging was performed
much earlier than usual and, as suspected, the patient also
had bilateral severe inner ear anomaly. It is extremely rare
for a person to have both external and inner ear anomaly
because of the different embryological origin. The only
suitable hearing rehabilitation option for this kind of patients
is brainstem implant. However, the parents had opted for
sign language as a form of communication.
KEY WORDS:
Microtia; canal atresia; cochleovestibular nerve aplasia; inner ear anomaly
Congenital Microtia
4.Mastoid Abscess in Acute and Chronic Otitis Media
Mazita Ami ; Zahirrudin Zakaria ; Goh Bee See ; Asma Abdullah ; Lokman Saim
Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences 2010;17(4):44-50
Background: Mastoid abscess remains a recognised complication of otitis media despite
the advent of antibiotics. The objectives of this study were to describe the risk factors in patients
with mastoid abscess following acute and chronic otitis media and discuss the management of this
infection.
Method: A retrospective analysis was done on all patients who underwent mastoidectomy
for mastoid abscess from January 2002 to December 2007. Data on the patients’ presentation,
associated complications, management, and follow-up were analysed.
Results: A total of 12 patients were enrolled in this study population. Group A consisted of
patients with mastoid abscess preceded by acute otitis media, while Group B consisted of patients
with mastoid abscess and chronic otitis media. In Group A (n = 7), 4 patients had a pre-morbid
immunocompromised condition, but they did not have cholesteatoma. None of the patients in Group
B (n = 5) had any pre-morbid illnesses. Out of 12 patients, 7 patients had associated extracranial
complications, and 1 patient had intracranial complications. Most patients recovered well after
mastoidectomy. Recurrence was noted in 1 patient who had acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
Conclusion: Mastoid abscess is still a recognised complication of acute otitis media, especially
in patients who are immunocompromised. Immunocompetent patients may also develop mastoid
abscess following chronic otitis media associated with cholesteatoma. Thus, early treatment of otitis
media and close vigilant follow-up are advocated to ensure prompt detection of mastoid abscess
complications.
5.Management of congenital choanal atresia (CCA) after multiple failures: A Case Report
Asma binti Abdullah ; Roslenda Binti Abdul Rahman ; Suraya Binti Aziz ; Saraiza Binti Abu Bakar ; Aini Binti AbAziz
The Medical Journal of Malaysia 2013;68(1):76-78
Nasal obstruction in neonates is a potentially fatal condition because neonates are obligatory nasal breathers. Bilateral choanal atresia is therefore a neonatal emergency. Several approaches for corrections of choanal atresia are available including the helium laser: YAG. A 5-year-old Chinese girl born with bilateral choanal atresia, had birth asphyxia that required intubation. She underwent multiple surgeries for correction of choanal atresia at other hospitals but failed to
improve. She was referred to Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia Medical Center (UKMMC) after presenting with
intermittent respiratory distress and cyanosis following an
upper respiratory tract infection. A repeat computed
tomography (CT) scan done preoperatively showed
complete bony stenosis over the left choana and finding was
confirmed by examination under general anesthesia. She
underwent endoscopic transnasal removal of left bony
atretic plate. There was no intra or postoperative
complications. During follow up 10 years later, the airway on both sides remains patent.
6.The quality of life in hearing impaired adolescents after hearing aid application.
Adibi, Saiyidi Mohd Azizi Bin Mohd ; Chen, New Ru ; Azmir, Nor Aida ; Solahan, Norliana ; Ismail, Aniza ; Anuar, Azida Zainal ; Abdullah, Asma binti
The Medical Journal of Malaysia 2013;68(4):315-22
Hearing impairment in adolescents is a major public health problem. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) deafness and hearing impairment are common health problems throughout the world. Hearing impairment generally impairs emotional, social, communication and educational function. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between duration of hearing aid use and improvements in the quality of life. The cross sectional study was conducted at Jalan Peel Primary Special School and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (UKMMC) from July 2010 until June 2011. A total of 21 students with hearing impairment involved in this study with mean age of 12.57 (10 to 19 years old). The subjects were divided into 2 groups: first-time hearing aid users and long standing hearing aid users. The hearing assessment was conducted in the first group and hearing aids were fitted. After 1 month hearing aid fitting, the questionnaires were distributed to both groups. Statistical analysis had showed no relation (p>0.05) between duration of hearing aid use and the improvement in the quality of life. However, regardless of the duration of hearing aid usage, there was improvement in the quality of life as shown by the scores of the questionnaires. In conclusion there was no significant relation between duration of hearing aid use and the improvement in the quality of life. Hearing aids were beneficial for hearing loss students regardless of the duration of the hearing aid usage.
7.The Key Role of Interleukin-17A/Interleukin-17RA in Bone Metabolism and Diseases: A Review
Wan Khairunnisaa Wan Nor Aduni ; Asma Abdullah Nurul
Archives of Orofacial Sciences 2023;18(no.1):1-17
Bone metabolism requires a balance mechanism between intricate processes of bone formation
and resorption, which is affected by the essential interaction between osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a family of cytokines consisting of six isoforms: IL-17A, IL-17B, IL-17C,
IL-17D, IL-17E, and IL-17F. Among these isoforms, IL-17A has shown promising and novel roles in
the regulation of bone metabolism. IL-17A has also captivated the interest of many researchers since
its discovery because of its role as a pro-inflammatory cytokine which mediates a few inflammatory
processes. This review describes the biology of IL-17A and its receptor as well as summarises
the regulatory role of IL-17A in bone metabolism and diseases through some known pathways.
Understanding the function of IL-17A in bone metabolism may lead to the development of therapeutics
or diagnostic strategies for some bone diseases; as well as future therapy using tissue engineering and regenerative medicine approaches.
8.Synovial sarcoma: a rare presentation of parapharyngeal mass.
Mohd Mokhtar SHAARIYAH ; Ami MAZITA ; Mansor MASAANY ; Mohd Yunus RAZIF ; Mohamed Rose ISA ; Abdullah ASMA
Chinese Journal of Cancer 2010;29(6):631-633
Synovial sarcoma is a rare soft tissue sarcoma of the head and neck region involving the parapharyngeal space. The diagnosis of synovial sarcoma can be very challenging to the pathologists. We present a rare case of parapharyngeal synovial sarcoma in a young female patient who had a two-month history of left cervical intumescent mass at level II. The fine needle aspiration cytology of the mass was proved inconclusive. Transcervical excision of the mass was performed and the first case of parapharyngeal sarcoma was identified in our center by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique. Repeat imaging revealed residual tumor. The patient successfully underwent a second excision of the residual tumor and received adjuvant radiotherapy.
Adult
;
Biopsy, Fine-Needle
;
Combined Modality Therapy
;
Female
;
Humans
;
In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
;
Neoplasm, Residual
;
Pharyngeal Neoplasms
;
diagnosis
;
pathology
;
radiotherapy
;
surgery
;
Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
;
Sarcoma, Synovial
;
diagnosis
;
pathology
;
radiotherapy
;
surgery
;
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
9.Diskrepansi Saiz Gigi Intermaksila dan Kesannya terhadap Hasil Rawatan Ortodontik (Intermaxillary Tooth Size Discrepancies and Its Effect on Orthodontic Treatment Outcome)
ASMA ASHARI ; ASMAK SHAARI ; KHAIRIL AZNAN MOHAMED KHAN ; ASMA ALHUSNA ABANG ABDULLAH
Malaysian Journal of Health Sciences 2021;19(No.2):69-76
Intermaxillary tooth size discrepancy (TSD) is the disproportion in patients’ tooth size that is usually referred to the
Bolton analysis. This size imbalance may also affect the outcome of orthodontic treatment. Therefore, this retrospective
study was conducted to determine the prevalence of intermaxillary tooth size discrepancy (TSD) beyond 2 standard
deviation (2 SD) from Bolton’s mean in orthodontic patients and to evaluate the effect of TSD beyond 2 SD of Bolton’s
mean on orthodontic treatment outcomes. A total of 226 sets of orthodontic study models that met the selection criteria
were selected from 3077 orthodontic cases. Bolton's analysis of the anterior and overall ratios was performed on each
of the pre-treatment models. The orthodontic treatment outcomes for the cases which were identified of having TSD
beyond 2 SD were evaluated and any interventional techniques to improve the outcome of the treatment were recorded.
The results showed that 29.20% of cases had TSD beyond 2 SD of Bolton’s mean. 26.54% of cases had anterior ratio of
more than 2 SD. Meanwhile, 7.08% of cases had an overall ratio greater than 2 SD. Of all cases with TSD beyond 2 SP,
most of these cases (62.12%) had affected the outcome of orthodontic treatment. In conclusion, there is more than one
quarter of orthodontic patients present with TSD beyond 2 SD of Bolton’s mean which may influence the outcome of
orthodontic treatment. Intervention techniques should be carefully planned to achieve satisfactory treatment outcomes.
10.Antioxidative mechanism of Quercus infectoria gall aqueous extract against Candida albicans
Mohamad Zahid Kasiram ; Asma Abdullah Nurul ; Wan Abdul Wahab Wan-Nor-Amilah
Malaysian Journal of Microbiology 2021;17(3):286-293
Aims:
The effect of Quercus infectoria (QI) gall extract on the fungal expression of antioxidant defense enzymes of Candida albicans was studied in an effort to unravel its anti-fungal mechanism.
Methodology and results:
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), and time kill assays were conducted to analyse the antifungal activity of the extract against C. albicans. Total protein profiles of C. albicans were determined by SDS-PAGE and real-time PCR was used to quantify the genes expression level of superoxide dismutase (SOD1), catalase (CAT1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX3) following treatment with aqueous QI gall extract. The MIC and MFC values of the extract against C. albicans were 8 mg/mL and 16 mg/mL respectively. Fungistatic and fungicidal activities of the extract were observed after 24 h at 1× MIC and 2× MIC from the time-kill assay. A lower total protein bands density of extract-treated C. albicans was visualized when compared to the untreated cells at concentrations of 1× MIC and 2× MIC. A significant reduction in the expression of GPX3 (p 0.05).
Conclusion, significance and impact of study
In conclusion, QI gall extract exerted an anti-Candida activity and it is apparently effective in downregulating the gene expression of GPX3 in C. albicans. Of note, the present findings elucidated a preliminary mechanism associated with the organism’s survival resilience which represents a key target for the development of anti-Candida agents in future.
Quercus
;
Candida albicans