Managing a patient with both pituitary hypersecretory and hyposecretory manifestations may be perplexing. We report a 14-year-old female who presented with weight gain, polyuria and polydipsia. Biochemical results were consistent with Cushing disease with central diabetes insipidus. Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging showed right adenoma with stalk thickening. The immunohistochemistry staining of both adenomas was positive for adrenocorticotropic hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, growth hormone and luteinizing hormone. Postoperatively, the patient developed panhypopituitarism with persistent diabetes insipidus. The coexistence of double adenomas can pose diagnostic and management challenges and is a common cause of surgical failure. Intraoperative evaluation is important in the identification of double or multiple pituitary adenomas in a patient presenting with multiple secretory manifestations.
Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion ; Cushing disease ; Diabetes Insipidus

The global increase in livestock production has correspondingly intensified farm odors due to harmful bacteria, reduced immunity, and disease progression. In this study, we treated feces with Biomagic-Enzyme complex for 4 months to understand the relationship between farm odor, immunity against common viral diseases, immune cytokines, and changes in the microbiota. A gas meter (MultiRAE) was used to measure ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) while odor intensity and offensiveness were characterized by the non-objective scaling method. A complete blood count was performed and plasma was obtained after blood centrifugation at 3,000 rpm for 20 minutes. The cytokine profile was evaluated using commercial kits. Microbial DNA was extracted and purified from fecal samples to analyze the microbiota. Microbial DNA and viral RNA/DNA were obtained from fecal samples and amplified to determine the expression of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). Our results indicated that Biomagic reduced odor nuisance by decreasing ammonia levels, resulting in faint and fairly offensive odor intensity. After the enzyme treatment, Escherichia coli populations significantly reduced across all 3 farms. In contrast, beneficial Lactobacillus spp. levels remained stable, indicating the enzyme selectively targeted harmful bacteria while preserving beneficial ones. The beneficial Lachnospiraceae, Spirochaetaceae, and Bacteroidaceae were found to be higher in the third month of treatment. TGEV was not detected, while PRRS and non-pathogenic PCV2 showed a positive infection rate. In conclusion, Biomagic reduced ammonia, prevented viral infection from pig farms, and improved gut-beneficial bacteria and microbiota.

The global increase in livestock production has correspondingly intensified farm odors due to harmful bacteria, reduced immunity, and disease progression. In this study, we treated feces with Biomagic-Enzyme complex for 4 months to understand the relationship between farm odor, immunity against common viral diseases, immune cytokines, and changes in the microbiota. A gas meter (MultiRAE) was used to measure ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) while odor intensity and offensiveness were characterized by the non-objective scaling method. A complete blood count was performed and plasma was obtained after blood centrifugation at 3,000 rpm for 20 minutes. The cytokine profile was evaluated using commercial kits. Microbial DNA was extracted and purified from fecal samples to analyze the microbiota. Microbial DNA and viral RNA/DNA were obtained from fecal samples and amplified to determine the expression of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). Our results indicated that Biomagic reduced odor nuisance by decreasing ammonia levels, resulting in faint and fairly offensive odor intensity. After the enzyme treatment, Escherichia coli populations significantly reduced across all 3 farms. In contrast, beneficial Lactobacillus spp. levels remained stable, indicating the enzyme selectively targeted harmful bacteria while preserving beneficial ones. The beneficial Lachnospiraceae, Spirochaetaceae, and Bacteroidaceae were found to be higher in the third month of treatment. TGEV was not detected, while PRRS and non-pathogenic PCV2 showed a positive infection rate. In conclusion, Biomagic reduced ammonia, prevented viral infection from pig farms, and improved gut-beneficial bacteria and microbiota.

The global increase in livestock production has correspondingly intensified farm odors due to harmful bacteria, reduced immunity, and disease progression. In this study, we treated feces with Biomagic-Enzyme complex for 4 months to understand the relationship between farm odor, immunity against common viral diseases, immune cytokines, and changes in the microbiota. A gas meter (MultiRAE) was used to measure ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) while odor intensity and offensiveness were characterized by the non-objective scaling method. A complete blood count was performed and plasma was obtained after blood centrifugation at 3,000 rpm for 20 minutes. The cytokine profile was evaluated using commercial kits. Microbial DNA was extracted and purified from fecal samples to analyze the microbiota. Microbial DNA and viral RNA/DNA were obtained from fecal samples and amplified to determine the expression of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). Our results indicated that Biomagic reduced odor nuisance by decreasing ammonia levels, resulting in faint and fairly offensive odor intensity. After the enzyme treatment, Escherichia coli populations significantly reduced across all 3 farms. In contrast, beneficial Lactobacillus spp. levels remained stable, indicating the enzyme selectively targeted harmful bacteria while preserving beneficial ones. The beneficial Lachnospiraceae, Spirochaetaceae, and Bacteroidaceae were found to be higher in the third month of treatment. TGEV was not detected, while PRRS and non-pathogenic PCV2 showed a positive infection rate. In conclusion, Biomagic reduced ammonia, prevented viral infection from pig farms, and improved gut-beneficial bacteria and microbiota.

The global increase in livestock production has correspondingly intensified farm odors due to harmful bacteria, reduced immunity, and disease progression. In this study, we treated feces with Biomagic-Enzyme complex for 4 months to understand the relationship between farm odor, immunity against common viral diseases, immune cytokines, and changes in the microbiota. A gas meter (MultiRAE) was used to measure ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) while odor intensity and offensiveness were characterized by the non-objective scaling method. A complete blood count was performed and plasma was obtained after blood centrifugation at 3,000 rpm for 20 minutes. The cytokine profile was evaluated using commercial kits. Microbial DNA was extracted and purified from fecal samples to analyze the microbiota. Microbial DNA and viral RNA/DNA were obtained from fecal samples and amplified to determine the expression of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). Our results indicated that Biomagic reduced odor nuisance by decreasing ammonia levels, resulting in faint and fairly offensive odor intensity. After the enzyme treatment, Escherichia coli populations significantly reduced across all 3 farms. In contrast, beneficial Lactobacillus spp. levels remained stable, indicating the enzyme selectively targeted harmful bacteria while preserving beneficial ones. The beneficial Lachnospiraceae, Spirochaetaceae, and Bacteroidaceae were found to be higher in the third month of treatment. TGEV was not detected, while PRRS and non-pathogenic PCV2 showed a positive infection rate. In conclusion, Biomagic reduced ammonia, prevented viral infection from pig farms, and improved gut-beneficial bacteria and microbiota.

The global increase in livestock production has correspondingly intensified farm odors due to harmful bacteria, reduced immunity, and disease progression. In this study, we treated feces with Biomagic-Enzyme complex for 4 months to understand the relationship between farm odor, immunity against common viral diseases, immune cytokines, and changes in the microbiota. A gas meter (MultiRAE) was used to measure ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) while odor intensity and offensiveness were characterized by the non-objective scaling method. A complete blood count was performed and plasma was obtained after blood centrifugation at 3,000 rpm for 20 minutes. The cytokine profile was evaluated using commercial kits. Microbial DNA was extracted and purified from fecal samples to analyze the microbiota. Microbial DNA and viral RNA/DNA were obtained from fecal samples and amplified to determine the expression of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). Our results indicated that Biomagic reduced odor nuisance by decreasing ammonia levels, resulting in faint and fairly offensive odor intensity. After the enzyme treatment, Escherichia coli populations significantly reduced across all 3 farms. In contrast, beneficial Lactobacillus spp. levels remained stable, indicating the enzyme selectively targeted harmful bacteria while preserving beneficial ones. The beneficial Lachnospiraceae, Spirochaetaceae, and Bacteroidaceae were found to be higher in the third month of treatment. TGEV was not detected, while PRRS and non-pathogenic PCV2 showed a positive infection rate. In conclusion, Biomagic reduced ammonia, prevented viral infection from pig farms, and improved gut-beneficial bacteria and microbiota.

Medical implants are normally used in clinical practice to treat most orthopaedics situations involving bone fractures, deformities, dislocation, and lengthening. It should be noted that specific measures regarding biomechanical and biomaterial characteristics are required for a successful post-surgery procedure. Biomechanical evaluations on the medical implants could be performed by utilising computer and engineering technology. One of them is in silico studies using finite element method that could be simulated in high-performance computer. However, various assumptions are required in computer simulation, such as the constraints on data input and computer resources. This review paper discusses current approaches of constructing a finite element model of human bone with specific material properties for upper limb such as the shoulder joint, humerus, elbow joint, radius and wrist joint. Previous related literatures were reviewed from selected keywords and search engines. To narrow the literature search in this study, inclusion and exclusion criteria of the literature searching were applied. We looked at the current level of knowledge in this field and offered recommendations for future study. In conclusion, studies from previous literature have demonstrated several ways for developing mathematical models and simulating medical implants.

Lespedeza cuneata (LC) is a perennial plant used in herbal medicine to treat numerous diseases, including prostatic hyperplasia, diabetes, early atherosclerosis, and hematuria. Reference collections of bioactive compounds of LC are crucial for the determination of their pharmacological properties. However, little is known regarding its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in alveolar macrophage (MH-S) cells. This study examined whether LC can inhibit reactive oxygen species and Coal fly ash (CFA) induced inflammation in MH-S cells. The anti-oxidative effects of LC were evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays, anti-inflammatory effects were examined using nitric oxide (NO) assay, and cytotoxicity was analyzed using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. The expression of inflammatory cytokine genes was assessed through a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Our results revealed that LC exhibited high radical scavenging activity and a dose-dependent (7.8–1,000 μg/mL) inhibition of oxidation as compared to ascorbic acid and Trolox. It also inhibited CFA-induced NO production in MH-S cells. Moreover, it suppressed the CFA exposure-mediated expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. These results suggest that LC is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent that can be useful as a nutraceutical product.

Aims: The rise of drug-resistant infectious diseases worldwide has spurred experts' interest in developing safe and effective alternative medicine. Melaleuca cajuputi extracts have been shown to exhibit antimicrobial activity in vitro against various bacterial species. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of local M. cajuputi leaf extracts (MCEs) against Candida albicans. Methodology and results: Phytoconstituents of aqueous and ethanolic MCEs were screened conventionally using chemical tests. Broth microdilution assay and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were performed to study the anti-Candida activity of the extracts. Both MCEs contained terpenoids, phenols, flavonoids and tannins. Aqueous and ethanolic MCEs showed good fungicidal activity against the tested organism with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 50 mg/mL and 25 mg/mL, respectively and a minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) to MIC ratio of less or equal to 2. Scanning electron micrographs revealed yeast cell surface morphology alterations when treated with both MCEs at 1× MIC. Conclusion, significance and impact of study In conclusion, MCEs have anti-Candida properties and thus, M. cajuputi extract could be an excellent potential source of natural antimicrobial agents for disease remedies.
Anti-Infective Agents ; In Vitro Techniques ; Trees

Foodborne disease is among the primary illness that causes morbidity and mortality in the world. Several studies show that most students do not have adequate food safety knowledge to protect themselves against foodborne diseases. This study aimed to determine the food safety knowledge, behaviour, and beliefs among undergraduate students at a local university in Malaysia. This cross-sectional study involves 121 respondents from three health science-related faculties at the studied institution. The questionnaire was distributed via an online platform. This study used multiple-choiceformat questions for Food Safety Knowledge and a Likert type scale for Food Safety Behaviour and Belief question statements. Most of the respondents were female (78%). About 16% of the respondents have experience working / volunteering in food services, and half of them are involved in food handling during their services. This study recorded a moderate score in all sections (knowledge, behaviour, beliefs) with a total percentage score of 60.3%, 60.3%, and 66.1%, respectively. A strong but not significant correlation between food safety knowledge and beliefs (r = 0.69 p > 0.05) and between food safety knowledge and behaviour (r = 0.83 p > 0.05) were observed. This study is useful as a basis to develop a targeted food safety education program among undergraduate students. Students with high knowledge of food safety will increase food safety beliefs and behaviour, thus preventing them from getting any foodborne illness.