Objective: To present 3 cases of Möbius sequence exposed in utero to misoprostol and discuss their clinical presentations, etiopathogenesis, and management. Methods: Medical records of 3 patients with Möbius sequence and prenatal exposure to misoprostol were reviewed. Clinical findings were compared with those reported in the literature. Results: Lack of facial-muscle movement, lagophthalmos with secondary exposure keratitis, decreased ability to crease forehead, and shallow nasolabial fold imply facial-nerve dysfunction. Small- and large-angle esotropia and apparent orthotropia with abduction limitation showed varying degrees of abducens nerve involvement. Two patients had early prenatal exposure to misoprostol during the first 3 months of gestation. Conclusion A history of misoprostol exposure should be routinely elicited from parents of children with Möbius sequence. Associated deficiencies in Möbius sequence and its variants require a multidisciplinary approach.
Abducens Nerve Vestibulocochlear Nerve Paralysis

Isolated cranial nerve palsy without long tract signs such as contralateral hemiparesis, hemihypoesthesia and ataxia is often reported as brainstem infarction. But most of them are accompanied by oculomotor or abducens nerve palsy. Isolated cranial nerve palsy involving the facial nerve and vestibulocochlear nerve is very rare in brainstem infarction. We report, with a review of literature, a case of right caudal pontine infarct on the dorsolateral portion of the middle cerebellar peduncle with isolated 7th and 8th cranial nerve palsies.
Abducens Nerve Diseases ; Ataxia ; Brain Stem Infarctions* ; Brain Stem* ; Cranial Nerve Diseases ; Facial Nerve ; Facial Paralysis ; Hearing Loss ; Paralysis* ; Paresis ; Vertigo ; Vestibulocochlear Nerve*

Ramsay-Hunt syndrome is an infectious disease caused by the varicella zoster virus. It is usually associated with facial and vestibulocochlear nerve palsy, but other cranial nerve dysfunction can be accompanied. We present a 68-year-old woman with abducens nerve palsy associated with Ramsay-Hunt syndrome. She showed abduction limitation of left eye with peripheral facial palsy and vestibulopathy of the left side. Varicella zoster virus polymerase chain reaction of cerebrospinal fluid was positive and internal auditory canal magnetic resonance imaging was revealed enhancement of labyrinthine segment of left facial nerve. Although abducens nerve palsy is uncommon feature of Ramsay-Hunt syndrome, but it can be developed by several different mechanisms.
Abducens Nerve Diseases ; Abducens Nerve ; Aged ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Communicable Diseases ; Cranial Nerves ; Facial Nerve ; Facial Paralysis ; Female ; Herpesvirus 3, Human ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Paralysis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Vestibulocochlear Nerve