Physalis pubescens is used as both food and medicine over 1 200 years. From the phytochemical view, the second metabolites such as flavonoids, sterols, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, fatty acid and so on have been reported from this species. And this plant shows the activities of antitumor, antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, diuresis, immunosuppressive and so on in the recent studies. This paper reviews the researches on the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of this plant in recent 30 years, by which the prospect of development and utilization of P. pubescens could be prospected. It provides the reference for the further rational development and comprehensive utilization of the resources of P. pubescens.

Objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of bevacizumab plus cisplatin and cisplatin alone in the treatment of malignant pleural effusion of lung cancer patients. Methods: From November 2014 to November 2017, 27 patients diagnosed with lung cancer complicated with malignant pleural effusion at the department of Oncology, the Central Hospital of Huludao, were enrolled in this study. Fourteen patients received bevacizumab plus cisplatin and thirteen patients received cisplatin alone. The clinical efficacy and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results: There was no significant difference in the general condition between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05). The bevacizumab group had better short-term efficacy than the cisplatin group and the difference was statistically significant(92.9% vs 61.5%, P<0.05). The main adverse reactions during the treatment were bone marrow suppression and gastrointestinal discomfort, etc. The incidence of adverse reactions was similar between the two groups, with no statistically significant difference(P>0.05). Conclusion: Compared with cisplatin alone, bevacizumab combined with cisplatin has better shortterm efficacy in the treatment of lung cancer patients with malignant pleural effusion. The adverse reactions were quite similar.

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical components of essential oils from Meconopsis oliverana and their antioxidant activity.

METHODThe essential oil was extracted by steam distillation, and GC-MS analysis was used to identify its constituents. The OH free radical scavenging activity of the essential oils was evaluated with an enzyme mark instrument by assay of the ability of DPPH free radical scavenging. BHT was used as positive control.

RESULTForty-seven compounds, account for 91.866% of the essential oils, were identified. The ability of scavenging OH and DPPH radicals of the essential oils is stronger than that of BHT.

CONCLUSIONThe main chemical constituents of the essential oils from M. oliverana are n-hexadecanoic acid (27.653%) and 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (16.330%). And the essential oils showed strong antioxidant activity.

Antioxidants ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Biphenyl Compounds ; metabolism ; Butylated Hydroxytoluene ; metabolism ; China ; Fatty Alcohols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Free Radical Scavengers ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Hydroxyl Radical ; metabolism ; Oils, Volatile ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Palmitic Acid ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Papaveraceae ; chemistry ; Picrates ; metabolism ; Plant Oils ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes of hipbone biomechanics after the resection of ischiopubic tumors and their relationships with the complications in the convalescent stage, and directing the postoperative pelvic reconstruction.

METHODSDICOM data were used to create an intact hipbone finite element model and postoperative model. The biomechanical indices on the same region in the two models under the same boundary condition were compared. The differences of displacement, stress, and strain of the two models were analyzed with statistical methods.

RESULTSThe distribution areas of the hipbone nodes' displacement, stress, and strain were similar before and after the simulated operation. The sacroiliac joint nodes' displacement (P=0.040) and strain (P=0.000), and the acetabular roof nodes' stress (P=0.000) and strain (P=0.005) of two models had significant differences, respectively.But the sacroiliac joint nodes' stress (P=0.076) and the greater sciatic notch nodes' stress (P=0.825) and strain (P=0.506) did not have significant differences.

CONCLUSIONSThe resection of ischiopubic tumors mainly affect the biomechanical states of the homolateral sacroiliac joint and acetabular roof. The complications in the convalescent stage are due to the biomechanical changes of the sacroiliac joint and the acetabular roof and disappearances of the stabilization and connection functions of the pubic symphysis and superior ramus of pubis.

Acetabulum ; physiopathology ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Pelvic Bones ; physiopathology ; Pelvic Neoplasms ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Sacroiliac Joint ; physiopathology

BACKGROUND: Burn infliction techniques are poorly described in rat models. An accurate study can only be achieved with wounds that are uniform in size and depth. We describe a simple reproducible method for creating consistent burn wounds in rats. METHODS: Ten male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and dorsum shaved. A 100 g cylindrical stainless-steel rod (1 cm diameter) was heated to 100degrees C in boiling water. Temperature was monitored using a thermocouple. We performed two consecutive toe-pinch tests on different limbs to assess the depth of sedation. Burn infliction was limited to the loin. The skin was pulled upwards, away from the underlying viscera, creating a flat surface. The rod rested on its own weight for 5, 10, and 20 seconds at three different sites on each rat. Wounds were evaluated for size, morphology and depth. RESULTS: Average wound size was 0.9957 cm2 (standard deviation [SD] 0.1845) (n=30). Wounds created with duration of 5 seconds were pale, with an indistinct margin of erythema. Wounds of 10 and 20 seconds were well-defined, uniformly brown with a rim of erythema. Average depths of tissue damage were 1.30 mm (SD 0.424), 2.35 mm (SD 0.071), and 2.60 mm (SD 0.283) for duration of 5, 10, 20 seconds respectively. Burn duration of 5 seconds resulted in full-thickness damage. Burn duration of 10 seconds and 20 seconds resulted in full-thickness damage, involving subjacent skeletal muscle. CONCLUSIONS: This is a simple reproducible method for creating burn wounds consistent in size and depth in a rat burn model.
Animals ; Burns* ; Erythema ; Extremities ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Animal* ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skin ; Viscera ; Water ; Wounds and Injuries*

The application of Aconitum herbs in the treatment of Bi syndrome has a long history and exact effects.By taking Aconiti Radix(Chuanwu), Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix(Caowu) and Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata(Fuzi) as example, this study was aimed to mine the prescription rules of Aconitum herbs in the treatment of Bi syndrome, and provide thoughts and bases for modern clinical medication. 1 106 prescriptions were obtained in more than 20 classic books including medical, pharmacy, and synthesized books from Eastern Han dynasty to Qing dynasty. Based on the methods of frequency statistics, percentile statistics and Apriori algorithm of association rules, the characteristics of syndrome classification, dosage and compatibility of Aconitum herbs in the treatment of Bi syndrome were analyzed. The data-mining results indicated that 60.76% prescriptions contained Fuzi, which was obviously higher than Chuanwu or Caowu, and 17.63% contained two or more kinds of Aconitum herbs. 70.34% prescriptions were used mainly to treat Bi syndrome with wind-cold-wetness, others were for the syndrome with the deficiency of liver and kidney, blockage of phlegm and blood stasis, and wind-heat-wetness Bi. In the prescriptions with definite dose, 80% dosage of Fuzi was in the range from 0.29-2.14 g·d⁻¹, while the dosage of Chuanwu and Caowu was from 0.14-1.01g·d⁻¹, which was also affected by patterns, formulations and processing. The dose of Aconitum herbs was highest in the Bi syndrome with wind-cold-wetness, and its dose in the decoction and vinum was significantly higher than that in the pills and powders. The processed products were used in 93.11% prescriptions, and their dosage was higher than the raw ones. In the clinical treatment of Bi syndrome, Chuanwu and Caowu were often used with Saposhnikoviae Radix(Fangfeng), Liquiritiae Radix et Rhizoma(Gancao), Myrrha(Moyao) and Ephedrae Herba(Mahuang), while Fuzi was often used with Cinnamomi Cortex(Rougui), Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix(Niuxi), Fangfeng and Chuanxiong Rhizoma(Chuanxiong), which can both expel wind-dampness and relieve pain. All in all, Aconitum herbs are widely used in the treatment of Bi syndrome, which can relieve arthralgia and pain.
Aconitum ; chemistry ; Arthralgia ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Pain Management ; Rhizome ; chemistry

The expression of immunological markers of one hematopoietic lineage on the abnormal cells of another lineage (cross-lineage expression) is a known feature of leukemia. The present study was aimed to investigate the cross-lineage expression in ALL cells. The cross-lineage expression in ALL cells from 505 patients was detected by flow cytometry using 23 monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) in triple staining combinations. The results showed that in whole ALL, the expression of myeloid antigens occurred in 56.4% of the cases, and CD13 was the most frequently expressed myeloid marker (32.7%) followed by CD33 (29.5%), CD15 (19.2%) and CD11b (7.7%). CD13/CD33 expressions were more frequent in CD34(+) cases than in CD34(-) cases. In B-ALL, T-cell antigen CD4, CD5, CD7 and CD2 were found in 27 (6.3%), 12 (2.8%), 8 (1.9%), and 6 (1.4%) cases respectively, and CD7(+), CD2(+) and CD4(+) cases commonly expressed CD13/CD33. In T-ALL, B-cell antigen cCD79a, CD19 and CD22 were found in 6 (8.1%), 5 (6.8%), and 2 (2.8%) cases respectively, and all of CD19(+) and CD22(+) cases were all accompanied with CD13/CD33. It is concluded that cross-lineage expression in ALL mostly exists in the immature stages, ALL cells more frequently express phenotypes B(+)M(+), T(+)M(+) and occasionally B(+)T(+)M(+), but B(+)T(+)M(-) phenotype is extremely rare.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; methods ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; immunology ; metabolism ; Young Adult

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disease of transformed hematopoietic progenitor cells. The expressions of JunB and CDH13 (cadherin-13) gene as tumor suppressor gene were inactivated by promoter methylation in CML patients. This study was purposed to investigate the methylation difference of JunB and CDH13 gene promoter and the expression levels of JunB and CDH13 gene in CD34(+)CD38(-) cells in CML patients vs normal individuals. CD34(+)CD38(-) cells from 8 cases of CML and 5 normal individuals were selected by flow cytometry. The methylation status of JunB and CDH13 genes were detected by MS-PCR in selected CD34(+)CD38(-) cells. The expression levels of JunB and CDH13 gene was detected with real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results showed that no methylation of JunB and CDH13 gene was detected in CD34(+)CD38(-) cells of 5 normal individuals. Methylations of JunB and CDH13 promoter were found in 87.5% (7/8) and 50% (4/8) CML CD34(+)CD38(-) cells, percentages of which were significantly higher than those in normal individuals. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The relative expression levels of JunB and CDH13 mRNA in CD34(+)CD38(-) cells of CML patients were significantly lower than those in normal individuals (2(-DeltaDeltaCT) were 1/5.21 and 1/10.63 respectively). It is concluded that the high methylation of JunB and CDH13 gene promoter occurs in CD34(+)CD38(-) cells of CML patients, their mRNA expression level is significantly lower, thus the methylation of JunB and CDH13 gene promoter probably plays a role in the pathogenesis of CML and may have clinical significance in predicting prognosis of CML.
ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 ; immunology ; Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, CD34 ; immunology ; Cadherins ; genetics ; DNA Methylation ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation between different Chinese medicine (CM) syndromes and variations in microcirculation in septic shock patients.

METHODSseventy Septic shock patients were divided into four groups: heat damaging qi-yin group (HDQY, 23 cases); yin exhaustion and yang collapse group (YEYC, 26 cases); excessive heat in Fu organ group (EHFO, 10 cases); and heat damaging nutrient-blood group (HDNB, 11 cases). Sublingual microcirculation parameters were observed by sidestream dark-field (SDF) imaging and scored by Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) and the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), and parameters of microcirculation perfusion variations and prognoses were analyzed.

RESULTSCompared with those with qi-yin heat damage, perfused vessel density (PVD) in other groups decreased dramatically (P<0.05), and APACHE II scores increased significantly (P<0.05). In addition, the recovery time was prolonged substantially (P<0.05), and the mixed venous oxygen saturation (SVO2) decreased (P<0.05). Blood lactic acid increased significantly (P<0.05), and the mixed SVO decreased (P<0.05), in the YEYC group. Compared with the thermal injury camp blood group, sublingual microcirculation parameter variations showed no obvious difference in the YEYC and EHFO groups (P>0.05). There were significant positive correlations between CM syndromes and APACHE II scoring in different groups (r=0.512, P<0.05). There were negative correlations between PVD and APACHE II scoring (r=-0.378, P=0.043), the proportion of perfused vessels (PPV) and APACHE II scoring (r=-0.472, P=0.008), as well as between the microvascular flow index (MFI) and APACHE II scoring (r=-0.424, P=0.023) in different patients.

CONCLUSIONSublingual microcirculation may serve as a clinical diagnostic parameter of the patient condition, as well as being a prognostic indicator.

Aged ; Dopamine ; therapeutic use ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Microcirculation ; physiology ; Middle Aged ; Mouth Floor ; blood supply ; physiopathology ; Perfusion ; Shock, Septic ; blood ; drug therapy ; mortality ; physiopathology ; Syndrome

To study the effects of supernatant derived from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines on proliferation and apoptosis of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell subsets and to investigate the mechanism by which AML escapes from immune recognition, lymphocytes were labeled with CFSE and were stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 in presence or absence of supernatants from three AML cell lines (HL-60, NB4, U937). After culture, cell suspensions were labeled with 7AAD and CD4 PE (or CD8 PE). Cells were then detected by flow cytometry and their proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed. The results showed that supernatants from two of three cell lines (HL-60 and NB4) inhibited the proliferation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, and the degree of inhibition showed a dose-dependent way. Similarly, the apoptosis of stimulated CD4(+) T cells was inhibited, but stimulated CD8(+) T cells remained unaffected by supernatant from HL-60 and NB4. In contrary, the apoptosis of proliferative CD8(+) T cells were increased significantly by HL-60 and NB4 supernatant. It is concluded that soluble factors derived from AML cell lines inhibit the proliferation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and induce the apoptosis of proliferative CD8(+) T cells, that may be one of the mechanisms by which the immunity was suppressed.
Apoptosis ; physiology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; immunology ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; immunology ; pathology ; T-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; U937 Cells