The modest pressure promotes the graduate to keep continuous energy and focus on scientific research,but too much pressure will lead to mental problem and serious moral shortcoming.Reformation of scientific evaluating and promoting system,enhancement of scientific interest and reconstruction of mental training system should be the important ways to release the pressure of scientific research of the graduate.

Child ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic

In recent years, damage control is well established as a potentially life-saving procedure in a few selected critically injured patients. The "damage control" concept also has been shown to increase overall survival and is likely to modify the management of critically ill patients suffering from gastrointestinal disease. In these patients the "lethal triad" of hypothermia, acidosis, and coagulopathy acts as a vicious cycle that often can not be interrupted and marks the limit of the patient's ability to cope with the physiological consequences of traditional and extensive surgical procedures. The principles of damage control are to control bleeding, obstruction, and/or infection until the physiologic derangement has been restored and the patient could undergo a prolonged operation for definitive repair. This approach is unfolded in three phases. During the initial operation, the surgeon carries out only the absolute minimum necessary to improve patient's condition and to control bleeding, obstruction, and/or infection. The second phase consists of secondary resuscitation in the intensive care unit, characterized by maximization of hemodynamics, correction of coagulopathy, rewarming, and complete ventilatory support. During the third phase, definitive operation is performed.
Acidosis ; therapy ; Blood Coagulation Disorders ; therapy ; Critical Care ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; surgery ; Humans ; Hypothermia ; therapy ; Perioperative Care

Digestive System Surgical Procedures ; methods ; rehabilitation ; Humans

This review addresses the association of "Chinese Journal of Biotechnology" and the development of biotechnology in China in the past 30 years. Topics include relevant awards and industrialization, development of the biotechnology discipline, and well know scientists in biotechnology, as well as perspectives on the journal.
Biotechnology ; China ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Periodicals as Topic ; history

In addition to the operation technique and procedure selection, the dysfunction of important organs such as heart, lung, kidney and liver plays an important role in restricting the recovery of patients and the prognosis of gastrointestinal surgery. For patients complicated by one or more organs dysfunction after operation, who have no response to conventional therapies, extracorporeal life support/replacement should be used as early as possible. The extracorporeal organ support provides more time for rescue, and relieves injured organs to "rest" and accelerates recovery, which improves the survival of critically ill patients who suffered after gastrointestinal surgery. Nowadays, the safety and efficiency of the extracorporeal life support/replacement, including heart, lung, kidney, liver and intestine, are developing quickly, and easy to achieve, however, limitations still exist. With the development of nanotechnology and bioartificial membranes, an open and total extracorporeal life support system, which can simultaneously supports heart, lung, kidney, liver, intestine and brain, will be produced in the future, further improving the survival of critically ill patients.
Critical Illness ; Digestive System Surgical Procedures ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ; Humans ; Life Support Care

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; China ; epidemiology ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; HIV-1 ; Humans

Humans ; Intestinal Diseases ; classification ; therapy

Objective To illustrate the application of fluoronavigation in Gamma nailing—a common surgical procedure in treatment of intertrochanteric fracture of femur and to compare the newly designed Gamma-3 system for navigation with the Gamma-AP system. Methods 66 patients with intertrochanteric fractures underwent Gamma nailing (40 Gamma-AP and 26 Gamma-3) under fluoronavigation guidance. An observer recorded the different intra-operative parameters. Results The Gamma-3 group showed superior results of shorter operation time (averaging 32 minutes), smaller surgical wound size (5cm), less X-ray requirement during procedure (7 times) and at the same time better lag screw position (Tip-Apex-Distance 17.9 mm). Conclusions Fluoronavigation can facilitate gamma nailing as a minimally invasive surgery because of its accurate guidance to nail insertion and lag screw positioning, a smaller surgical wound and minimized X-ray exposure suffered by operation theater staff. The Gamma-3 system has shown better results than the Gamma-AP system because of its navigation-specific design.

Objective This paper illustrates the application of fluoronavigation in intramedullary nailing in long bone fractures (femur and tibia), especially during the procedure of distal locking. We also explore the possibility of distal locking with an image bank of intramedullary nails and under navigation. Furthermore medical robots are being developed to further improve the precision of the procedure. Methods In our hospital, distal locking in 55 cases of femoral nailing and 36 cases of tibial nailing were performed under navigation. Another 13 cases of distal locking were performed with the image bank. Result The overall successful rate of distal locking was 97%. Conclusions Fluoronavigation in distal locking of intramedullary nailing of long bone fractures has achieved a high successful rate. Development of an image bank could further decrease the X-ray exposure suffered by the patient and operation theater staffs.