The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of two different measures of physical activity under normal living conditions. The 24-hour physical activity diary method (24 HD) and accelerometer (Lifecorder) were analyzed. Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) and daily varia tion of energy expenditure (EE) were compared employing the two measures in conjunction with the minute-by-minute heart rate method (Flex HR) in middle-aged people with a mean age of 57.9 yr (N =17), and in young people (college students) with a mean age of 23.5 yr (N=11) . The TDEE as measured by the 24HD and Lifecorder was 2576.4±514.7kcal·d^-1 and 1973.1±290.2kcal·d^-1 respectively. The TDEE as measured by the Flex HR method was 2718.3±625.5kcal·d^-1. The TDEE as measured by the Lifecorder method was significantly lower than that of the Flex HR method (p<0.01), The correlation coefficient (r) for the 24 HD and FlexHR measured values for TDEE (kcal/day) was 0.64 (p<0.01), and that for Lifecorder and Flex HR was 0.38. The daily variation of energy expenditure pattern measured by Lifecorder was similar to that of the Flex HR ; 24 HD measurements, on the other hand, were slightly lower than Flex HR measurements during the afternoon period. The 24 HD method was reasonably accurate in the testing. The daily variation of energy expenditure measured pattern by Lifecorder was similar to that of the Flex HR method ; but the fact that the TDEE results were underestimated suggests that the Lifecorder method has merit in the measurement of daily activity patterns. It follows from this that to improve measurement of the TDEE, it is necessary to modify the Lifecorder method of calculating the algorithm,

The extensive use of food additives has increased the phosphorous content of the modern diet, while calcium intake has remained similar to past levels according to the national standards of nutrient intake. Although exercise increase bone mineral content, the intake of phosphorus may change the exercise effect. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of jump exercise on bone and phosphate-calcium metabolism in rats consuming high levels of dietary phosphorous. Forty-two male Wistar rats aged 8 weeks were fed either a high-phosphorus diet with a 2.0 P/Ca ratio or a normal diet with a 1.0 P/Ca ratio. Rats from each dietary group were then further assigned to undergo 8 weeks of jump exercise or to be sedentary controls. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the bone mineral content (P<0.001), strength (P<0.001), transverse thickness (P<0.001), and longitudinal thickness (P<0.001) of the tibial diaphysis were increased by jump exercise in both dietary groups. The concentrations of serum inorganic phosphorus (P<0.001), FGF23 (P<0.001), and 1-25 (OH) vitamin D (P<0.001) were increased by a high phosphorus diet, and the concentrations of serum total calcium (P<0.05) and 1-25 (OH) vitamin D (P<0.05) were increased by jump exercise in both groups. In conclusion, exercise is important to increase bone mass and bone strength in a high phosphorus intake state.

Headaches caused by metastatic brain tumors result from dural tension and traction of the sites of nociceptive nerves that originates from displacement of cerebral vessels and intracranial hypertension caused by the tumor. Causes of such headaches also include meningeal irritation resulting from intrathecal dissemination of tumor and carcinomatous meningitis.Treatment of headaches resulting from intracranial hypertension involves alleviation of cerebral edema and reduction of intracranial pressure using hyperosmolar therapy and steroid administration, but treatment is often complicated by a lack of pressure reduction. We encountered 2 cases of headaches with intracranial hypertension that did not improve following hyperosmolar therapy and steroid administration, but resolved with increased opioid dose.In cases where intracranial pressure does not decrease, or for headaches attributed to direct stimulus of intracranial nociceptive nerves rather than intracranial hypertension, attempts to treat the patient with initiation or increased dosage of opioids may prove effective from a clinical standpoint.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness and safety of continuous infusion of midazolam for the treatment of headache and/or nausea/vomiting in patients with brain tumors or cancer-associated meningitis. Methods: Patients who presented with headache and/or nausea/vomiting and underwent continuous infusion of midazolam from April 2005 to March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Among 22 patients, 19 presented with headache and 14 with nausea/vomiting. The success rate of continuous infusion of midazolam for headache was 89% and that for nausea/vomiting was 78%. The mean number of vomiting episodes within 24 hours from the start of midazolam administration was 0.14±0.36, which was significantly lower than that from 24 hours before to the start of administration (1.43±1.60, P=0.015). Sedation was observed as an adverse event in five (23%) patients, but no patients developed respiratory depression. Conclusion: When conventional therapies are ineffective for headache and/or nausea/vomiting caused by brain tumors or cancer-associated meningitis, continuous infusion of midazolam may improve symptoms and should be considered as a treatment option.