Abstract　Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by less than 100×10/L platelet count in peripheral blood. The pathogenesis of ITP is complex and has not been fully elucidated. Currently, researches on the pathogenesis of ITP mainly focus on the disorders of humoral immunity and cellular immunity. In recent years, some new progress has been made in the study of this pathogenesis, including the platelet clearance pathway that is not dependent on Fc γ R mediation, the metalloproteinase (ADAM) 10 that can regulate T and B cells, and the abnormal expression of micro RNA in genetic factors. Under the joint action of multiple factors, the imbalance of the immune system in the body leads to the occurrence of ITP. This article reviews the research progress on humoral immunity, cellular immunity and other possible new pathogenesis of ITP in recent years.
ADAM10 Protein ; Blood Platelets ; Humans ; Platelet Count ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of ADAM10 inhibitor GI254023X on the proliferation and apoptosis of multiple myeloma H929 cell line and its mechanisms.

METHODSH929 cells were treated with different concentrations of GI254023X, the proliferation-inhibitive curve was assayed and plotted by CCK-8 method, the cell viability and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry with Annexin V/7-AAD double staining. The cleavage of Notch1 protein (cleaved notch1) was determined by Western blot. The transcripts of Notch1 target gene Hes-1 were detected by real-time PCR.

RESULTSThe GI254023X inhibited the proliferation of H929 cells in the time- and dose- dependent manners. As compared with the control group, the apoptosis of cells increased along with enhancement of GI254023X concentration; The expression of cleaved Notch1 was down-regulated after the treatment with GI254023X. The levels of Hes-1 mRNA transcripts in H929 cells was reduced in GI254023X treated group.

CONCLUSIONGI254023X can remarkably inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of H929 cells. Its mechanism may be associated with inbihition of Notch1 activation.

ADAM Proteins ; ADAM10 Protein ; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases ; Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Dipeptides ; Down-Regulation ; Humans ; Hydroxamic Acids ; Membrane Proteins ; Multiple Myeloma ; Receptor, Notch1

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of miR-140-5p and ADAM10 in hypopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and their effects on the migration and invasion of FaDu cells and underlying mechanism.

METHODSThe miR-140-5p and ADAM10 mRNA levels in 33 cases of hypopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and adjacent normal tissues were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Transwell migration assay and transwell invasion assay were used to test the metastasis ability of FaDu cells after upregulation or downregulation of miR-140-5p and downregulation of ADAM10. The protein expression levels of ADAM10 in hypopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and the FaDu cells after transfection were determined by Western blot assays.

RESULTSThe expression level of miR-140-5p was significantly downregulated in hypopharyngeal carcinoma tissues compared with adjacent tissues (t=-4.016, P<0.01), which was significantly correlated with tumor classification and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Conversely, mRNA and protein expressions of ADAM10 were significantly upregulated in tumor tissues (t=3.960, P<0.01; t=12.089, P<0.01), and were significantly downregulated in the FaDu cells after tranfected with si-ADAM10 (t=8.653, P<0.05; t=5.191, P<0.05). Transwell assay showed that compare with control group, the migration and invasive cells decreased significantly in hsa-mir-140-5p group (t=3.255, P<0.05; t=2.942, P<0.05), while increased significantly in anti-hsa-mir-140-5p group, (t=-13.521, P<0.05; t=-6.223, P<0.05). The migration and invasive cells in si-ADAM10 group were less than those in control group (t=4.759, P<0.05; t=3.663, P<0.05). The downregulation of ADAM10 attenuated the effect of anti-mir-140-5p in FaDu cells. Western blot assay showed that ADAM10 expression was apparently decreased in hsa-mir-140-5p group and increased in anti-mir-140-5p group compared with control group.

CONCLUSIONSThe expression of miR-140-5p was significantly downregulated in hypopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and correlated with tumor classification and lymph node metastasis. ADAM10 was upregulated in tumor tissues. MiR-140-5p suppresses the migration and invasion abilities of FaDu cells, possibly through downregulation of ADAM10.

ADAM Proteins ; metabolism ; ADAM10 Protein ; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; Down-Regulation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Membrane Proteins ; metabolism ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Transfection

This study was aimed to clone mouse adam10 gene promoter and construct its dual luciferase report vector, and to investigate its transcriptional activity. Total DNA was extracted from mouse brain and used for amplifying the fragment containing adam10 gene promoter by PCR. The amplified product was inserted into pGL-4.10 vector to construct pGL4.10-adam10. The pGL4.10-adam10 and control plasmid pGL4.74 were co-transfected into HEK293 FT cells by lipofectamine 2000. The activity of adam10 gene promoter was assayed by luciferase system. The results showed that the recombinant plasmid pGL4.10-adam10 containing promoter of mouse adam10 was correctly constructed. The method was optimized by changing ratio of two plasmids. Moreover, the transcriptional activity of pGL4.10-adam10 stimulated by ionomycin increased. It is concluded that the dual luciferase reporter system is successfully established, which is useful in bioluminescence imaging technology in vitro. The effect of ionomycin can enhance the transcriptional activity of adam10 gene promoter.
ADAM Proteins ; genetics ; ADAM10 Protein ; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases ; genetics ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Organism ; Genes, Reporter ; Genetic Vectors ; Luciferases ; genetics ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Plasmids ; Promoter Regions, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on expression of alpha-aecretase mRNA in the brains of senescence-accelerated SAMP8 mice.

METHODSAMP8 mice were randomly divided into the control group, the PNS high-dosage group (200 mg x kg(-1)), the PNS low-dosage group (100 mg x kg(-1)) and the huperzine A group (0.3 mg x kg(-1)), with eight mice in each group. The control group and each administration group were orally administered with the same volume of double distilled water once for consecutively two months. The expression of alpha-secretase (ADAM 9, ADAM10, ADAM17) mRNA was assayed by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR).

RESULTThe expression of ADAM9 mRNA in PNS high-dosage group and huperzine A group were significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The expression of ADAM10 in the PNS high-dosage group, the PNS low-dosage group and the huperzine A group showed no significant difference from the control group.

CONCLUSIONPNS can up-regulate expressions of ADAM9 mRNA and down-regulate expressions of ADAM10 mRNA in the brains of SAMP8 mice.

ADAM Proteins ; genetics ; ADAM10 Protein ; Alzheimer Disease ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases ; genetics ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; drug effects ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; Mice ; Panax notoginseng ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Saponins ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of ADAM10 inhibitor GI254023X on the proliferation and apoptosis of acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia Jurkat cells and its mechanisms.

METHODSJurkat cells were treated with different concentrations of GI254023X, the proliferation-inhibition curve was assayed and plotted by CCK-8 method, the cell viability and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry with Annexin V and 7-AAD staining, the cleavage of Notch1 protein was determined by Western blot, the transcripts of anti-apoptotic genes BCL-2, MCL-1, BCL-xl and Notch1 target gene Hes-1 were detected by real-time PCR.

RESULTSThe GI254023X obviously inhibited the proliferation of Jurkat cells in concentration-dependent manner. As compared with the control group, the apoptosis of cells increased along with increment of GI254023X concentration. Compared with control group, the expression of Cleaved Notch1 was down-regulated while the expression of Notch1 was up-regulated in a time-dependent manner after the treatment with GI254023X. The levels of MCL-1 and Hes-1 mRNA transcripts in Jurkat cells were reduced in GI254023X treated group, but did not show obvious effect on the level of BCL-2 and BCL-xl mRNA transcripts.

CONCLUSIONGI254023X can remarkably inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of Jurkat cells. The inhibition of Notch1 activation and the down-regulation of apoptosis-related gene MCL-1 may be involved in the process of apoptosis.

ADAM Proteins ; ADAM10 Protein ; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases ; Apoptosis ; Cell Proliferation ; Dipeptides ; Down-Regulation ; Humans ; Hydroxamic Acids ; In Vitro Techniques ; Jurkat Cells ; Membrane Proteins ; Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Receptor, Notch1

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of circ-SFMBT2 on the biological behavior of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and its regulatory role on the miR-7-5p/ADAM10 axis. METHODS: qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to determine the expression of circ-SFMBT2, miR-7-5p, and ADAM10 in NSCLC tissues and adjacent tissues. Pearson analysis was used to analyze the correlation between circ-SFMBT2 and miR-7-5p, and between miR-7-5p and ADAM10. In vitro cultured human bronchial epithelial-like cells (HBE) and lung cancer cell lines H1650, H460, A549, H1299. CCK-8 and EdU methods were used to assess the ability of cell proliferation. Plate experiment was used to detect the clone formation ability. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate. Transwell experiment was used to detect cell invasion ability. Dual luciferase reporter experiment detects the targeting relationship between circ-SFMBT2 and miR-7-5p, and between miR-7-5p and ADAM10. Transplanted tumor experiment in nude mice assessed the effect of knocking down circ-SFMBT2 on the growth of transplanted tumor. Immunohistochemical experiments were performed to detect the positive rates of ADAM10 and Ki67 proteins in transplanted tumor tissues. RESULTS: The expression levels of circ-SFMBT2 and ADAM10 were increased in NSCLC tissues and cell lines, while decreased the expression of miR-7-5p. circ-SFMBT2 was negatively correlated with miR-7-5p, while miR-7-5p was negatively correlated with ADAM10. Silencing the overexpression of circ-SFMBT2 and miR-7-5p could inhibit cell proliferation, clone formation and invasion, and also promote apoptosis. circ-SFMBT2 could target miR-7-5p, and ADAM10 was the target gene of miR-7-5p. The combined effect of silencing circ-SFMBT2 and inhibition of miR-7-5p, as well as miR-7-5p overexpression and ADAM10 overexpression could promote cell proliferation, clone formation and invasion, and also suppress cell apoptosis. Silencing circ-SFMBT2 could inhibit the growth of transplanted tumors. CONCLUSION Silencing circ-SFMBT2 can suppress the proliferation, clone formation, invasion ability and induce apoptosis of NSCLC cells by regulating the miR-7-5p/ADAM10 axis.
ADAM10 Protein/genetics* ; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases/genetics* ; Animals ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics* ; Cell Proliferation ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics* ; Membrane Proteins/genetics* ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; RNA, Circular ; Repressor Proteins

OBJECTIVETo investigate the main proteinases responsible for CD16b shedding under different stimulators.

METHODSHEK293 cell line stably expressing CD16b was constructed by lentivirus system. The cell line was then overexpressed with a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) or ADAM17, suppressed with short hairpin RNA of ADAM10 or ADAM17, and reconstituted with ADAM10 or ADAM17, respectively. After each treatment, the cell line was stimulated with ionomycin or phorbol 12-myristate- 13-acetate (PMA) for 12 hours. The soluble CD16b released from cell membrane was detected by immunoprecipition and immunoblot. Quantitation was then implemented to compare the amount of soluble CD16b in cell supernatant after stimulation.

RESULTSHEK293 cell line stably expressing CD16b was successfully established. When CD16b expressing cell line was overexpressed with ADAM10, shedding of CD16b was increased after stimulation with ionomycin but not PMA; when the cell line overexpressed with ADAM17, shedding of CD16b was increased after stimulation with PMA but not ionomycin. Similarly, when ADAM10 was suppressed by short hairpin RNA, CD16b shedding was decreased after stimulation with ionomycin; when ADAM17 was suppressed by short hairpin RNA, CD16b shedding was decreased after stimulation with PMA. The shedding of CD16b was increased again when CD16b expressing cell line was reconstituted with ADAM10 and stimulated by ionomycin or reconstituted with ADAM17 and stimulated by PMA.

CONCLUSIONSBoth ADAM10 and ADAM17 could shed CD16b, but they possess differed preferences. ADAM10 is the main sheddase under stimulation of ionomycin, while ADAM17 is the main sheddase under stimulation of PMA.

ADAM Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology ; ADAM10 Protein ; ADAM17 Protein ; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology ; Calcium Ionophores ; pharmacology ; Carcinogens ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; GPI-Linked Proteins ; metabolism ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Ionomycin ; pharmacology ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; drug effects ; Protein Transport ; drug effects ; Proteolysis ; drug effects ; Receptors, IgG ; metabolism ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate ; pharmacology ; Transfection

The sigma-1 receptor is a molecular chaperone protein highly enriched in the brain. Recent studies linked it to many diseases, such as drug addition, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, depression, and even cancer. Sigma-1 receptor is enriched in lipid rafts, which are membrane microdomains essential in signaling processes. One of those signaling processes is ADAM17- and ADAM10-dependent ectodomain shedding. By using an alkaline phosphatase tagged substrate reporter system, we have shown that ADAM10-dependent BTC shedding was very sensitive to both membrane lipid component change and sigma-1 receptor agonist DHEAS treatment while ADAM17-dependent HB-EGF shedding was not; and overexpression of sigma-1 receptor diminished ADAM17- and ADAM10-dependent shedding. Our results indicate that sigma-1 receptor plays an important role in modifying the function of transmembrane proteases.
ADAM Proteins ; metabolism ; ADAM10 Protein ; ADAM17 Protein ; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases ; metabolism ; Animals ; Betacellulin ; COS Cells ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Gene Expression ; HEK293 Cells ; Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; metabolism ; Membrane Microdomains ; metabolism ; Membrane Proteins ; metabolism ; Receptors, sigma ; agonists ; metabolism

In this study, the distribution of five Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Han population was examined in combination with the evaluation of clinical cognition and brain pathological analysis. The associations among SNPs, clinical daily cognitive states, and postmortem neuropathological changes were analyzed in 110 human brains from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College (CAMS/PUMC) Human Brain Bank. APOE ε4 (OR = 4.482, P = 0.004), the RS2305421 GG genotype (adjusted OR = 4.397, P = 0.015), and the RS10498633 GT genotype (adjusted OR = 2.375, P = 0.028) were associated with a higher score on the ABC (Aβ plaque score, Braak NFT stage, and CERAD neuritic plaque score) dementia scale. These results advance our understanding of the pathogenesis of AD, the relationship between pathological diagnosis and clinical diagnosis, and the SNPs in the Han population for future research.
ADAM10 Protein ; genetics ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alzheimer Disease ; genetics ; pathology ; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases ; genetics ; Antiporters ; genetics ; Apolipoprotein E4 ; genetics ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Brain ; pathology ; Cognitive Dysfunction ; genetics ; pathology ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide