1.The Effect of Beverages On The Release of Calcium From The Eanmel Surface
Annals of Dentistry 2008;15(1):1-4
In this study, the effect of beverages (Coke TM,
Sprite™, Ribena™, Chrysanthemum tea and
mineral water) on the demineralisation of the enamel
surface was investigated. Demineralisation was
determined by the rate of calcium released from the
enamel surface on exposure to the beverages.
Calcium was determined using the EDTA titration
method. The pH of these beverages was measured
using a pH meter and found to be in the acidic range
(2.43 to 5.79) while mineral water which served as a
control has a pH of 7.00. Ii was found that the rate
of calcium released from Coke™(0.76 J..lg/min)
showed a significant mean difference from Sprite™
(0.38 J..lg/min), Chrysanthemum tea (0.10 J..lg/min)
and mineral water (0.00 J..lg/min)at p< .05, but was
however not significantly different from Ribena™.
Likewise, Chrysanthemum tea and mineral water
also showed statistically no significant mean
difference in the released of calcium during the study
period. The results obtained in this study indicated
that beverages with low pH may pose detrimental
effect on the enamel surface which could have
clinical implication, especially in people with salivary
gland dysfunction or low salivary flow.
2.Health Risk Of Dental Unit Waterline System To Dental Patients ' An Issue Of Concern
C.S. CHUA ; A.R. FATHILAH ; W.H. HIMRATUL-AZNITA
Annals of Dentistry 2013;20(1):20-26
Water delivered through dental unit waterline system(DUWS) is often reported contaminated with microbesdislodged from biofilm that forms within the tubingof a dental chair unit (DCU). ADM: The study aimedat evaluating the sanitary level of DCU water froma teaching dental clinic. Materials: The presence ofpathogenic bacteria which include total coliforms, faecalcoliforms, E. coli, faecal streptococci and P. aeruginosawere determined using conventional microbiologicalmethods while PCR technique was used to identify othermicrobial contaminants. Result: pH of DCU water wasfound slightly acidic at pH 5.4-5.5 and the temperaturewas 23°C. Pathogenic contaminants were absent butthe DCU water was highly loaded with Sphingomonasrhizogenes (17.9%), Sphingomonas dokdonesis(79.5%), Sphingomonas mucosissima (1.1%) andMethylobacterium radiotolerans (1.5%). The high load ofmicrobes that exceeded 200 cfu/ml was of great concernas it failed to meet recommendation set by the AmericanDental Association
3.Evaluation of in vitro antifungal effects of synthetic and herbal mouth rinses on oral Candida albicans and Candida glabrata
Nordin, R. ; Roslan, M.A. ; Fathilah, A.R. ; Ngui, R. ; Musa, S.
Tropical Biomedicine 2022;39(No.3):302-314
Mouth rinses which function as breath fresheners, medicaments, and antiseptics can also deliver oral
therapeutic agents. This study evaluated and compared the antifungal effects of synthetic and herbal
mouth rinses on oral C. albicans and C. glabrata via disk diffusion, minimal inhibition concentration (MIC),
minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), time-kill assay, and growth profile tests. The four chemical
mouth rinses, namely Brand O (A), Brand M (B), Brand H (C), and Brand B (D) used in the study showed
positive antifungal activity in these two species. The average diameter of the inhibition zones obtained
from the disk diffusion test was higher in mouth rinse B (C. albicans = 12.0 ± 0.9 mm, C. glabrata =
13.5 ± 0.8 mm) compared to those in C, A and D. Both Candida species exhibited similar MIC and MFC
values, ranging from 1.63 ± 0.5 to 18.75 ± 0.0 µg/mL and 6.51 ± 2.01 to 50.00 ± 9.36 µg/mL, respectively.
These synthetic mouth rinses had efficient killing activity eliminating 50% of the growing population
of both Candida spp. following 15 seconds exposure time. Analyses of the growth profile curves showed
that mouth rinses B and A resulted in rapid growth depletion of both Candida spp. Meanwhile, three
herbal mouth rinses, namely Brand S (E), Brand C (F), and Brand P (G), were less effective against C.
albicans and C. glabrata. Mouth rinses B and A contained cetylpyridinium chloride and chlorhexidine,
respectively, and could be an effective alternative for controlling and preventing oral candidiasis.