OBJECTIVE:To facilitate the construction of Chinese pharmaceutical profession associations. METHODS: We analyzed the current situation and problems existing in Chinese pharmaceutical profession association as well as the developmental experience of foreign pharmaceutical associations then put forward suggestions for the development of pharmaceutical profession associations in China. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: The sound development of pharmaceutical profession associations calls for the cooperated efforts of government, profession association and pharmaceutical enterprises, meanwhile its function as bridge and tie between pharmaceutical enterprises and government should be brought into full play.

Humans ; Pulpitis ; diagnosis

Chronic Disease ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Humans ; Periapical Abscess ; pathology ; Periapical Granuloma ; pathology ; Periapical Periodontitis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Problem Solving ; Prognosis ; Radicular Cyst ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology

Excitatory Amino Acids ; secretion ; Humans ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; secretion ; Pain, Postoperative ; etiology ; metabolism ; prevention & control

MicroRNA (miRNA),an abundant class of small non-coding RNA,are abundant in the central nervous system where they play important roles in the neuronal development and plasticity.Moreover,the relationship between miRNA dysfunction and neurological diseases become more and more apparent.Recent studies show that the misregulated expression of miRNA out of control is closely related to the development of glioma.In this review we discussed the progress on the study of miRNA in Glioma.

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.24.023

Because of the neonatal immune system is immature,particularly in preterm and low birth weight infants,the neonate is prone to some infections.Neonatal sepsis usually has the slight performance and atypical clinical symptoms,which raise the great interest of searching for some better biomarkers.With the development of testing technology,the research of serum inflammation marker has made remarkable progress at home and abroad in recent years,however,the research of umbilical blood inflammation marker is still in the early stage of exploration.Umbilical blood detection have the advantages of early,noninvasive,safe and convenient compare to the traditional serum detection.This paper mainly discusses the application of umbilical blood detection to early onset neonatal sepsis.

The foundation of neonatal arrhythmia is the immature heart conduction system. Common causes include neonatal organic heart disease (infectious myocarditis, myocardial injury, and congenital heart disease); neonatal infectious diseases; neonatal asphyxia; electrolyte imbalance, acidosis, and drug overdose. According to different arrhythmia (premature constractions,paroxysmal superventricular tachycardia,chaotic atrial tachycardia,completely conduction block),the patients should be treated in different measures. Managements include original disease treatment, removal of incentives, add with anfi-arrhythmic drugs, and protection of myocardial.

ObjectiveTo master the condition of work environment and job satisfaction in Dongying district,as well as the relationship between them in order to provide a scientific basis for improving the morale of nurses and stable nursing position in this region. Methods760 clinical nurses of 5 hospitals of grade-two level in Dongying district were randomly selected.The survey was carried out with questionnaire. ResultsIn the aspect of work environment,the lowest score was the cultural sensitivity and practice control,in the aspect of job satisfaction,the most dissatisfying was the benefits.The impact factors of work environment included leadership and autonomy,internal work motivation,control of practice,work stress and doctor-nurse relationship.The personal factors affecting satisfaction included professional title,age,working years. ConclusionsIt is recommended to take effective measures to improve nursing work environment to improve job satisfaction degree of nurses.

Objective To explore the double center teaching model in the application of emergency nursing teaching effect. Methods 120 higher vocational nursing students were randomly divided into experimental group(60) and control group(60). The experimental group used the double-center teaching mode, while the control group used traditional teaching mode. At the end of the course, students of both groups were given theoretical examination and skills examination, and the experimental group students' self-evaluation was surveyed by questionnaire . The obtained data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 12.0 software, with the test scores represented by (x±s), questionnaire, investigation with percentage statistics and comparison between groups with t test. The difference was statistically significant ( P=0 . 034、0 . 016、0 . 000 ) . Results The experimental group's theory achievement , case analysis result and practical result were all higher than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.034, 0.016, 0.000). 93.33% of nursing students thought that double main teaching effect was better; 88.33% of nursing students thought it could develop their ability to learn independently;86.67%of nursing students thought it could enhance the team cooperation spirit;85.00%of nursing students thought that it could improve the efficiency of first aid knowledge learning and first aid skills. Compared with t test between groups, the difference was statistically significant, (P<0.05 ). Conclusion The double-center teaching mode is an effective model to improve the effect of emergency nursing teaching, and it will provide the basis for other disciplines teaching reform.