Objective To investigate the effects of cobalt chloride(COCl2)induced rat alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis and the significance of related apoptosis protein hypoxia inducible factor-lalpha(HIF-1 a)expression. Methods Alveolar epithelial cells were cultured in vitro and divided into four groups with 6 samples in each.Hypoxia 4 h group:added 500μmol/L COCl2 for 4 hours inducing alveolar epithelial cell hypoxia;hypoxia 24 h group:co-cultured with COCl2 for 24 hours;hypoxia 48 h group:co-cultured with CoCl2 for 48 hours;control group:no CoCl2 added.The apoptosis rates were detected by fluorescent microscope and flow cytometry.The apoptosis morphological changes of the cell were observed by transmission electron microscopy.The protein expression of HIF-la was detected bv Western Blot. Results (1)Fluorescent microscope results showed that apoptosis rate in hypoxia 4 h、24 h、48 h group[(5.83±0.76)%,(15.00±3.28)%and(51.50±3.00)%],were higher than control group[(1.50±0.50)%](P＜0.05).(2)Flow cytometry analysis reached the same results as with fluorescent microscope.(3)Typical morphological changes of apoptosis were observed in hypoxia 24 h group.(4)HIF-1α expression in hypoxia 4 h、24 h and 48 h groups[0.69±0.035,1.02±0.044 and 0.71±0.046],were higher than control group(0.21±0.026)(P＜0.01).(5)Positive correlations were found between relative amount of HIF-1αprotein and apoptosis rate by fluorescent microscope and flow cytometry analysis(r=0.484,P=0.016;r=0.713,P=0.009).Conclusions Hypoxia could induce apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells,which may participate in the pathogenesis of hypoxia-induced lung injury.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Exercise Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tennis Elbow ; therapy ; Young Adult

Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Serum ; metabolism ; Silicosis ; blood ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

BACKGROUND:Researchers have done much work to investigate semantic priming with event-related potentials (ERPs) method. The ERPs component of N400 is of great importance in this research domain. N400 is a negative wave occurs at about 400 ms after the stimulus onset. It has been accepted that N400 represents the processing of semantic information. In many studies, amplitude of N400 could be reduced by semantic priming. Relatively, ERPs studies on phonological priming, especially by auditory stimuli, deserve to be further investigated. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the EPR characteristics of semantic and phonological priming with spoken two-character Chinese words, and also to testify theories about auditory word recognition.DESIGN: Repeated measurement experiment.SETTING: Center for Psychology and Behavior Studies, Tianjin Normal University. PARTICIPANTS: This experiment was carried out between August and October 2003 in Tianjin Normal University. Seventeen healthy college students (8 male and 9 female, age ranging from 19 to 23 years) with no hearing defect were involved in this experiment. All of them were Chinese native speakers. All except one male participant were right handed. Informed consents of detected items were obtained from all the participants.METHODS: In the study, lexical dicision task which required participants was used to judge if the latter words were real words or pseudowords in the auditorily presented word-pairs by pressing buttons. The stimuli materials were 640 two-character word-pairs including semantic related, initial phonological overlap, final phonological overlap, phonological and semantic unrelated and word-pseudoword (control) conditions. These five kinds of word-pairs presented randomly in the experiment. The presentation of stimuli and recording of behavioral data were realized by STIM software. The error rate and mean reaction time (RT) of reaction of subjects were calculated under four experimental conditions. The word-pseudoword items were not included in the analysis (just served as fillers). EEG were recorded referring to linked mastoids with Scan 4.3 software made by Neuroscan company in America. Participants wore the Quick-Cap32 electrode cap (International 10/20 System). EEG data were amplified and acquired with a sampling rate of 500 Hz. Offline exclusion of occular artifacts was done on the acquired continuous EEG data after experiment. Then the EEG data were segmented to epochs of 1 700 ms, each epoch was time-locked to the onset of target stimulus with a 200 ms pre-target baseline. Then the operation of baseline (with a 200ms pre-target baseline), artifact rejection (epochs with amplitude exceeded the range of -100 μV to +100 μV were rejected) and average were realized. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Error rate, reaction time and caused N400 waveform change of target words under different experimental conditions.RESULTS: Data from 17 subjects were involved in the final analysis. The error rate of subjects under semantic related condition was lower (P＜ 0.05) while RT was shorter (P＜ 0.01) than that under phonological and semantic unrelated condition. The error rates of subjects under initial phonological overlap and final phonological over lap conditions were higher than that under phonological and semantic unrelated condition (P ＜ 0.01). The error reactions were discarded and the mean value of RT under 4 conditions (semantic related, initial phonological overlap, final phonological overlap and phonological and semantic unrelated) were 830 ms, 891 ms, 864 ms and 903 ms, respectively. There were significant differences of error rate and RT between semantic related and phonological and semantic unrelated conditions (P ＜ 0.01). Error rate and RT under final phonological overlap condition were significantly different from those under initial phonological overlap and phonological and semantic unrelated conditions (P ＜ 0.01). Since the largest amplitude of N400 occurred at FCZ electrode, FCZ was chosen for analyzing the effects under four different experimental conditions. The LSD multiple comparison showed that amplitude under control condition was significantly higher than that under semantic related condition (P ＜ 0.01). Latency under the control condition was the longest, then decreased gradually according to the sequence of semantic related, final phonological overlap and initial phonological overlap condition. As the results of LSD multiple comparison revealed, initial phonological overlap condition had a tendency of shortened latency, with significant difference when compared with control condition (P ＜ 0.05). Another five electrodes were selected besides FCZ standing for anterior, parietal, posterior, left and right brain area in order to investigate the scalp distribution difference of N400 under different experimental conditions. Two factors repeated measured ANOVA (Analysis of variance) was carried out for amplitude analysis, with different experimental conditions (4 levels) as the first factor and electrode positions (6 levels) as the second factor. The main effect of electrode positions was significant [F(5,80)= 13.376, P =0.000]. Among the chosen electrodes, FCZ had the largest amplitude (-7.946 μV), the second was CZ (-7.285 μV) and the other top-downsequence was FZ (-6.849 μV), PZ (-4.324 μV), T8 (-3.501 μV ) and T7 (-3.484 μV), respectively. Results of LSD multiple comparison revealed that the amplitude of FCZ was higher than all other electrodes but CZ. CONCLUSION: Two-character Chinese words presented auditorily in lexical decision task. Semantic relationship can facilitate the recognition of target words, which is shown by lower error rate, shorter RT and decreased amplitude of N400 component. Phonological congruence between prime and target words has both facilitory and interferential effects on target words, which is shown by increased error rate, shorter RT and the tendency of decreasing N400 amplitude.Interferential effect of initial phonological overlap between prime and target words is stronger than that of final phonological overlap. This finding provides evidence for initial phonological information's special function during auditory word recognition which is supported by Cohort Theory. No evidence for the existence of separate intracranial sources of semantic priming and phonological priming has been found. However, Cohort Theory should be revised while applying to the recognition of two-character words of Chinese.

Objective To explore the effects of different methods of antigen retrieval on the results of immunohistochemical staining of nuclear receptors. Methods Antigens were retrieved by using microwave oven, autoclave, enzyme and autoclave plus enzyme, respectively, in liver sections from DA.1U rats, followed by immunohistochemical staining. Results After antigen retrieval with autoclave, the positive staining intensity of nuclear receptors LXR-α, LXR-β, PPAR-γ and FXR in the liver sections from DA.1U rats was enhanced obviously, and the location of nuclear receptors was better by using this method than the others. Conclusion In the immunohistochemical staining of nuclear receptors, using autoclave to retrieve antigens is the best method.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of different pressure on microcirculation of scar proliferation. METHODS: A total of 60 patients with scar proliferation after burning were collected, including 49 males and 11 females, with averagely aged 37 years. The patients were divided into low pressure (0.67-1.33 kPa), normal pressure (1.33-3.33 kPa) and high pressure (3.33-6.67 kPa) groups by envelope method. Pressure tension bandage was used at 1 week after wound healing and gradually increased, reached expected pressure at days 5-7 and sustained for 6 months. Then the changes of blood perfusion at the scar tissue were measured by laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI). RESULTS: According to the intended processing analysis, all the 60 patients enter the result analysis. There were no significant differences of the scar tissue perfusion of the 3 groups before the therapy. After the therapy, the perfusion was decreased in the low pressure group, but there are no statistical changes compared to before the therapy (P > 0.05), while the perfusion was decreased in the normal pressure and high pressure groups (P < 0.05), which was lower in the high pressure group than the normal pressure group (P < 0.05). When the pressure increased to 3.33-6.67 kPa, the patients feel much more uncomfortable and the swelled signs appear, and 2 patients quit the experiment. CONCLUSIONS: The scar tissue perfusion is decreased obviously when adding the pressure to 3.33 kPa by using tension bandage. Using this method, the pressure should gradually increase to the maximum if patients can bear.

Objective To analyze the effect of bortezomib together with dexamethsone on the treatment of refractory multiple myeloma.Methods Bortezomib at 1.3 mg/m2 iv drop 1 d,4 d,8 d,11 d.Dexamethasonc 20 mg/d,1～4 d,8～11 d,17～20 d.21 days are used as a course.For bi-course dexamethasone was given by 20 mg/d,at 1～4 d.Results After 2～6 periods,3 cases achieved completely recovery(CR),4 cases are near to completely recovery(CR),3 cases got partially recovery(PR).Conclusion It is a good choice to treat refractory multiple myeloma by Bortezomib together with dexamethagone.

Objective To explore the effect of serum testosterone level on the pathologically aggressive behavior and the synaptic plasticity in the prefrontal cortex of puberty rats after gonadectomy. Methods Thirty male rats, 21 days old, were randomly divided into 3 groups: gonadectomized group, model group and control group. The gonadectomized and model groups were given a series of standard stress from 21 days old to puberty to induce animal model of pathological aggressive behavior. Resident-intruder experiment was performed to observe the variation of aggressive behaviors of animals. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to examine the serum testosterone level. Western blotting analysis was used to determine the expression of postsynaptics density-95 (PSD-95) and growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43) in the prefrontal cortex. Results Resident-intruder experiment showed that the latency to the first attack in the gonadectomized group decreased significantly (P<0.01,P<0.01) and the attack times after yield increased significantly compared with those in the other two groups (P<0.01,P<0.01). The serum testosterone in the gonadectomized group was significantly decreased compared with the other two groups as shown by ELISA results (P<0.01, P<0.01). In addition, the aggressive-related behavior indices had a moderate to high negative correlation with the testosterone level (P<0.01). Western blotting analysis showed that prefrontal cortex expression of PSD-95 and GAP-43 in the gonadectomized group was significantly lower than those in the other two groups(P<0.01, P<0.01). Conclusion Low serum testosterone level can cause damage to the neuroplasticity of prefrontal cortex in puberty rats, which might be related to the pathologically aggressive behavior.

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Adenoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Aged ; Cell Line, Tumor ; metabolism ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; HT29 Cells ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Staging ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Tumor Burden

The paper aimed to find the optimal combination and evaluation of the interactions of antitumor effect of the curcumin (Cur) and adriamycin (ADM) in vitro. According to the factorial design and data characteristics, the parameter method combined with the response surface approach were used to analyze the pharmacodynamic interactions of in vitro antitumor effects of the combination of Cur and ADM at different dosages. The results showed that the dose-effect relationship of the combination with the ratio of ADM-Cur 1:3 showed significant differences in comparison with either used alone. The dose-effect curve was shift left in combination. The combination of adriamycin (ADM, 0.693-2.132 micromol L(-1)) and curcumin (Cur, 2.047-6.304 micromol L(-1)) with a fixed ratio (1:3) showed a synergism. With increasing doses of the combination, there is an additive effect. Computer simulation showed a trend of decreasing difference between the observed and expected effects with the dose increasing in Cur from 6.304 to 16.0 micromol L(-1) and ADM from 2.132 to 5.3 micromol L(-1). The response surface analysis showed the optimal combination to be Cur 18.50 micromol L(-1) and ADM 3.89 micromol L(-1) with a ratio of 5:1. This study suggests that the parameter method combined with the response surface analysis provides richer and more reasonable information, and is helpful for quantitative design of drug combination therapy and to describe the nature and degree of drug interaction.