Cancer has been the leading cause of death in this country and produces high levels of stress not only in the patients themselves but also in their families. Caregiving during serious illness is a new experience for many family caregivers and social support and coping strategies have been found to reduce unfavorable health outcomes to stressful events such as cancer. The purpose of this investigation was to identify the relationship of caregiving stress, coping methods, social support, and health in caregivers of patients with cancer according to the phases of cancer illness. The subjects were 92 primary cargivers of cancer patients based on their phases of illness that consisted of 1st (initial) stage, 2nd (metastatic or recurring) stage, 3rd (terminal) stage recruited from two general hospitals in Seoul and Choongnam. The mean age of subjects was 39.1 years and 64.1% of subjects were female and 72.8% were married. The relationships to the patient were children(50%) or spouses (45.7%). According as the phase of illness progressed, caregiver's stress rose higher and their health got worse but coping methods and social support did not show a significant change. In the 1st stage the major predictors for the health of caregivers were family network support(R2=0.261, p=0.003) and the stress of the caregivers (R2=0.168, P=0.007). In the 2nd stage the most important predictor for the health of the caregivers was the stress of the caregivers (R2=0.483, P=0.000). Also in the 3rd stage the main predictor for health was the stress of the caregivers (R2=0.381, p=0.006). A better understanding of the stress process in family caregivers is needed so that nurses can provide family-centered care, taking into account caregiver, as well as patient, well-being.
Caregivers* ; Cause of Death ; Female ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Life Change Events ; Seoul ; Spouses

No abstract available.
Leukotriene C4* ; Neutrophils* ; Superoxides* ; T-Lymphocytes*

PURPOSE: Congenital anomalies are known as a major cause of neonatal death with prematurity and birth injuries. We surveyed the incidence of congenital anomalies among livebirths and stillbirths delivered at our hospital, and detected in neonatal and postneonatal period. METHODS: The statistical study was done about congenital anomalies among 9,569 deliveries (9,438 livebirths and 131 stillbirths) at Ulsan University Hospital during the periods of 5 years from Jan 1992 to Dec 1996. We reviewed delivery and newborn record, OPD chart, admission chart retrospectively. We investigated the incidence of congenital anomaly according to each year, period, outcome of delivery, sex, birth weight, gestational age, maternal age, Apgar score, multiple pregnancy, and each system. RESULTS: 1) The overall incidence of congenital anomalies was 5.0% (481 cases) among 9,569 deliveries. The annual incidence was 4.5% in 1992, 5.1% in 1993, 5.2% in 1994, 5.8% in 1995, 4.7% in 1996. 2) The incidence of congenital anomalies detected in neonatal period was 3.5% (333 cases) and 1.5% (148 cases) in postneonatal periods. 3) The incidence of congenital anomalies was 4.9% among live births and 9.2% among stillbirths. 4) The incidence of congenital anomalies was 5.3% in male and 4.7% in female. 5) The incidence of congenital anomalies among the babies, below 2,500g of birth weight was 7.7%, between 2,500g and 3,999g was 4.7%, and over 4,000g was 6.8N. 6) The incidence of congenital anomalies among the babies, below 32 weeks of gestational age was 12.9%, between 32 weeks and 36 weeks was 7.4%, between 37 weeks and 41 weeks was 4.7%, and over 42 weeks was 5.1%. 7) The babies born to mothers younger than 20 years of age have anomalies in 7.1%, mother between 20 years of age and 35 years of age in 5.0%, and older than 35 years of age in 6.5%. 8) The incidence of congenital anomalies according to Apgar score among live births between 0 and 3 was 9.8%, between 4 and 6 was 6.0%, and between 7 and 10 was 5.0%. 9) The incidence of congenital anomalies according to multiple pregnancy was 8.6%. 10)The systems of congenital anomalies in order of incidence were as follows; The digestive system (25.6%), the cardiovascular system (22.1%), the genitourinary system (18.9%), the musculoskeletal system (15.5%), the skin and soft tissue (11.7%), the central nervous system (1.6%), the respiratory system (l%), the others (3.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Regular examination and screening on congenital anomaly is required from newborn period to infant and childhood. In view of these considerations, the incidence of congenital anomaly may be increased more than the past reports because of development of recent diagnostic techniques.
Apgar Score ; Birth Injuries ; Birth Weight ; Cardiovascular System ; Central Nervous System ; Digestive System ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Live Birth ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Maternal Age ; Mothers ; Musculoskeletal System ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Multiple ; Respiratory System ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Statistics as Topic* ; Stillbirth ; Ulsan ; Urogenital System

The carpal scaphoid is the commonest of the carpal bones to be fractured, and this injury is the commonest to befall the wrist of working man. There is still some disaggrement as to the optimum treatment and as to how long immobilization should be maintained. The twenty seven cases of the carpal scaphoid were treated at department of orthopaedic surgery, Maryknoll Hospital. They were analyzed in regared to the clinical and radiological aspects. The results were summarized as follows. l. Of 27 cases 24 cases were in the age group 20 to 39, and all cases were male patients. 2. In 17 cases, the fracture was found in right side. 3. In 19 cases (70.4%), the fracture was found on the middle 1/3 of the carpal scaphoid and in 18 cases(66.8%), the fracture line was transverse. 4. The union rate of fracture was 100% in the distal 1/3 fracture, 89.5% in the middle 1/3 fracture and 66.3% in the proximal fracture. The average period of immobilization were 10.3, 14.9 and 15.3 weeks respectively. 5. By Maudsley's assessment, the end result was good in all cases of the distal 1/3 fracture, 84.2% in the middle 1/3 fracture and 66.7% in the proximal 1/3 fracture. 6. Traumatic arthritis developed in 3 cases, avascular ncerosis in 7 cases, nonunion in 4 cases.
Arthritis ; Carpal Bones ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Male ; Wrist

No abstract available.
Deoxycholic Acid* ; Phosphatidylcholines* ; Prurigo*

BACKGROUND: Bone age measurements have clinical significance in estimation of growth status and prediction of final adult height. Mostly used methods of bone age measurements are Tanner Whitehouse method(TW2) and Greulich-Pyle method(OP). TW2 is known to be more accurate method in determining the bone age, compared to GP. But GP is being used more widely despite some shortcomings, because TW2 is time consuming and need special training. In this study, we observed the correlation between GP and TW2 to evaluate which bone age among three portions of hand and wrist[metacarpals and phalanges(GP1), carpal bones(GP2), distai radius and ulna (GP3)], measured by GP, was more correlated with the bone age, measured by TW2. METHODS: Left hand/wrist radiographs were taken from 100 prepubertal children with normal growth. These radiogrphs were reviewed by two pediatric endocrinologists independently. Bone ages using TW2 were measured at first, and then GP1, GP2, and GP3 were measured. These bone ages had been compared with TW2, using SAS computer program. RESULTS: The mean chronological age of 100 children was 10.0+/-2.5 years(5 years to 14.7 years range, 63 males and 37 females). The bone age by TW2 was 9.0+/- 2.6 years(2.3 to 13.6 years). The bone age by GP1, GP2, and GP3 were 8.8+/-2.5 years, 8.7+/-2.9 years, and 8.3+/-2.8 years, respectively. Bone ages by TW2 were significantly closer to the chronological age than those by GP. The Pea~rson correlation coefficients of GP1, GP2, and GP3 in eomparison to TW2 were 0,87(p=0.0001), 0.94(p=0.0001), and 0.91(p=0.0001), respectively, There are significant correlatkm between bone ages by TW2 and GP. Bone ages by GP2 and GP3 were statistically significantly different from those by TW2(P<0.01). Bone ages by GP1 has no statistical difference with that by TW2(P=0.64). CONCLUSION: TW2 method is more accurate than GP method in determining the bone age, but it needs time-consuming and laborious efforts. We suggest that the use of GP method for the metacarpals and phalanges can result in a considerable saving of time with no significant loss of accuracy and reproducibility.
Adult ; Age Determination by Skeleton ; Child ; Hand ; Humans ; Male ; Metacarpal Bones ; Radius ; Ulna

Unilateral nevoid telangiectasia(UNT) is a rare disorder and is characterized by superficial telangiectatic lesions distributed along the dermatomes unilaterally and usually on the upper part of the body. It has been said to be related to increased estrogen receptors in the involved skin. The lesions may be congenital or acquired.Acquired cases are typically associated with physiologic conditions such as pregnancy, puberty, hormonal therapy or cirrhosis, but the condition is also described in alcoholism without cirrhosis, carcinoma metastatic to the liver, and in hepatitis C. We present two cases of UNT in a 26-year-old man with heavy alcoholism and in a puberta1 16-year-old girl.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Alcoholism ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Hepatitis C ; Humans ; Liver ; Pregnancy ; Puberty ; Receptors, Estrogen ; Skin ; Telangiectasis*

The 150 kDa protein of cyst fluid (CF) of Taenia solium metacestodes was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and Superose 6 HR gel filtration chromatography. The purified protein consisted of three subunits (15, 10 and 7 kDa proteins), which were analyzed with the use of a 7.5-15% gradient sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Immunofluorescence study was carried out by using immunize specific polyclonal antibody. Positive reactions were noticed at bladder walls, calcareous corpuscles, granules of cyst fluid and some host tissue surrounding the bladder wall of the metacestodes. These results suggest that the 150 kDa protein was secreted into host tissues, inducing immune responses in the host, and it may play important roles in the cellular physiology of the parasites.
Animals ; Chemical Fractionation ; Chromatography, Gel ; Cyst Fluid/*chemistry/metabolism/parasitology ; Cysticercosis/*metabolism/parasitology ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Helminth Proteins/chemistry/*isolation & purification ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Molecular Weight ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Swine ; Swine Diseases/parasitology ; Taenia solium/*metabolism

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of high-risk HPV DNA test using Hybrid Capture System in the detection of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neo- plasia(CIN II, III) from patients with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance(ASCUS) or a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(LGSIL) on referral Papanicolaou smear. STUDY DESIGN: Fifty-four patients referred to our hospital with a Papanicolaou smear report of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion underwent repeat Papanicolaou smear, cervical colposcopy and directed cervical biopsy. In addition, high-risk human papillomavirus(HPV) test by Hybrid Capture System was done. A comparison of detection rate of the high-grade CIN between positive and negative results of HPV test according to repeat Papanicolaou smear report was done. Biopsy result according to HPV test result in total patients was also compared. RESULTS: HPV of high-risk type was detected in 22 of 54 women(40.7%) by Hybrid Capture System. Prevalence rate of high-risk HPV in no CIN, CIN I, and CIN II, III was 13.6%, 18.2% and 68.2% respectively. As expected, high-risk HPV was detected with greater frequency in relation to increasing severity of CIN. In 18 women, the repeat smear obtained in our clinic was reported as negative. High-risk HPV types were found in 16.7% of theses women. In the HPV-negative women, 40% had CIN II or III confirmed on cervical biopsy. In comparison, 66.7% of those with a positive result of the HPV test had CIN II or III on biopsy(P<0.05). Among the women with ASCUS or LGSIL on repeat smear, there was no significant difference in the frequency of biopsy-proved CIN II or III between positive and negative results of high-risk HPV test. In total patients, the group that had positive results for high-risk HPV showed higher incidence of CIN II or III than group with negative results(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: From these results testing women with Papanicolaou smears showing ASCUS or LGSIL for infection with high-risk HPV types would identify the patients who are at risk for HGSIL or invasive carcinoma and who require aggressive intervention. High-risk HPV DNA test using Hybrid Capture System may be a usefule method in supplement the pitfalls of cervical cytology. This test might also have prgnostic value in the management of patients with cervical intraepithelial lesions.
Biopsy ; Colposcopy ; Female ; Human Papillomavirus DNA Tests ; Humans* ; Incidence ; Papanicolaou Test ; Papilloma* ; Prevalence ; Referral and Consultation

No abstract available.
Peptic Ulcer Perforation* ; Peptic Ulcer*