Objective To explore the teaching effect of cooperative learning approach in the training class of basic nursing operation techniques for male students. Methods A total of 82 male nursing students who were admitted into college in 2013 with a 3-year study program were divided into two groups based on mechanical sampling method, 42 students in the experimental group were trained with cooperative learning approach, while 40 students in the control group were trained with traditional teaching method. At the end of the semester, surveys were conducted and the results of students′operative skill were analyzed. Results The result of operative skills evaluation in the experiment group was 88.0 ± 6.9while that in the control group was 79.0 ± 9.2. The comparative difference between the two groups had statistical significance(t = 4.392,P<0.01). The qualified rate in the experiment group was 95.23%(40/42)while that in the control group was 70.00%(28/40).The comparative difference between the two groups had statistical significance(χ2=9.118,P<0.01). Conclusions Cooperative learning approach can improve the teaching effect of nursing operative skills for male nursing students. Thus it is an effective teaching method that deserves promotion and application in the practice teaching of Basic Nursing Techniques.

To introduce the academic thoughts of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)master GUO Zi-guang based on the analysis of clinical cases.His main academic thoughts are:①He proposes the theory of six meridians and their differentiation in the diagnosis and treatment of typhoid.The six meridians are bases for the treatment of all diseases,and their differentiation provides a fundamental principle for the differentiation of diseases.②He uses the method of combining the disease and syndrome in diagnosis and treatment,which widens the horizon of traditional differentiation and diagnosis in TCM and avoids the absence of syndrome in the practice of differentiation.In this way,the therapeutic effects of Chinese medicine can be guaranteed so as to meet the needs of medical and social development.③He emphasizes that it is fundamental to improve the therapeutic effects of TCM for its development.The approach is to combine disease and syndrome in diagnosis and treatment,and the way is to apply different methods in disease treatment.

Pelvic congestion syndrome plagues women's physical and mental health,the morbidity rate has increased in recent years.Based on TCM differentiation and classifications of syndrome,pathogenesis of pelvic congestion syndrome is divided into‘dampness-blood stasis’and‘deficiency of qi resulting blood stasis’2 types.Our Qushi Huayu Decoction and Yiqi Tongyu Decoction have been clinically proven to relieve pain,improve quality of life of the patients,and achieve better clinical effect.

Paeoniflorin in Chinese traditional patent medicine "Moluo granules" was determined byreversed phase HPLC.Optimum separation was achieved by employing C18 column as the stationary phase,MeOH-(CH3)2 CHOH-36% HOAc-H2O(25∶2∶2∶71) as the mobile phase.Theaverage recovery is 99.06%,and the coefficient of variation is 1.04%,The extraction is simple,the analytical method is rapid and accurate with good reproducibility.

OBJECTIVE:To provide the pharmacoeconomics referance for the medical reform implementation in China.METHODS:The relevant literatures at home and abroad combined with knowledge of pharmacoeconomics were to introduce and analyze the experience of pharmacoeconomics application at home and abroad.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:The pharmacoeconomics is involved in various related areas of drugs,and provides a scientific basis for drug pricing,reimbursement and other links.China should be based on international experience,combined with its national conditions to promote the development of pharmacoeconomics in order to effectively control the unreasonable increase in drug expenses,so that people really can "control it,use it,and afford it".

Objective To compare of treatment effects of intravenous iron and oral iron on hemodialysis ane- mia in patients with erythropoietin.Methods The oral dosage of ferrous succinate was 200mg dose,3 times a day for 2 months.After washing out for 2 months.Then these patients were given intravenous iron dextran with a dosage of 100mg twice a week for 5 weeks.During the treatment,hemoglobin (Hb),hematocrit (Hct),serum ferritin (SF) and trasferrin saturation(TSAT) were monitored.Results The efficacy of oral iron was 20 % ,the efficacy of intra- venous iron was 60 %.The Hb,Hct,SF and TSATS level increased obviously in the efficacy of intravenous iron,sta- tistical analysis showed a very significant difference(P

Objective:To prepare levofloxacin-carboxymethyl-chitosan(LVFX/CMC) microspheres and to study their colon-targeted release in rats.Methods: KromasilRKR100-5C18(250 mm?4.6 mm)was used as the analytical column and the temperature was maintained at 50℃.The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of acetonitrile:0.1% trifluoroacetic acid(2080) pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,with ?_(ex)295 nm and ?_(em)495 nm.Sixty healthy male SD rats were randomized into 2 groups: to receive gastric lavage with normal LVFX(40 mg,control group) and LVFX/CMC microspheres(40 mg,treatment group).HPLC was used to detect the concentrations of LVFX in the stomach,intestine,cecum,colon and blood in rats in both groups.Results: LVFX was detectable 3 h after LVFX/CMC microsphere lavage.Five hours after lavage,the levels of LVFX in cecum and colon were respectively(3.394?0.197) mg and(1.873?0.216) mg in treatment group,and(0.489?0.123) mg and((0.078?0.002)) mg in control group(P

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of salmeterol/fluticasone compound(SFC)and budesonide(BUD)in the treatment of asthma.METHODS:A multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial was performed on386asthma cases,who were administered with SFC50/100?g bid or BUD400?g bid,data on which were retrospectively collected and then the cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted,the effectiveness was measured in terms of successfully-treated weeks,symptom-free days and uninvolved days;The direct healthcare cost was adopted as the cost index.RESULTS:The average daily medical cost of the SFC treatment group(RMB:15.6yuan)was a little bit higher than that of the BUD control group(RMB:13.8yuan),but the costs of every successfully-treated week,every symptom-free day and every uninvolved day for SFC group were166.5yuan,33.4yuan and41.2yuan,respectively,which were all lower than those of the BUD group(which were188.6yuan,50.6yuan and66.1yuan,respectively);Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for every successful?ly-treated week,per symptom-free day and per uninvolved day for the SFC group were88.7yuan,9.4yuan and10.8yuan,respectively vs.the BUD group.CONCLUSION:The results show that the cost-effectiveness of SFC50/100?g bid is supe?rior to BUD400?g bid in the treatment of asthma.

Objective:To investigate the effects of endoscopic local treatment for colorectal intramucosal carcinoma.Methods:42 patients with colorectal intramucosal carcinoma were treated with endoscopic local through one or few methods such as biopsy forceps resection,looping ligature and high frequency electric coagulation etc.in past five years.Results:(1)18 cases received biopsy forceps resection,3 cases received looping ligature,16cases received high frequency electric coagulatio resection,5 cases received many kinds of methods.(2)3 cases of 5 cases with advanced carcinoma were operated enlarge radical surgery except 1 cases who refused operation and 1 cases who losted operation opportunity.In the rest 37 cases,7cases were operated surgery,malignant remnants were no founded in theses colon specimens.(3)The following-up 33cases(30 cases without surgery)failed to show recurrent cancer for 1 month to 5 years.(4)In the following-up cases,the incidence of neogenesis adenoma was 57.1% in cancer with pilosity adenoma and was 15.8% in early cancer without adenoma during 1 year to 3 years after operation.Conclusions:It can achieve to healing,security and minimum invasive treatment for endoscopic local resection to colorectal intramucosal carcinoma as long as it is suitable to select case.

Objective:To evaluate the influence of health education on knowledge and attitude about drugs and addictive drug abuse prevention among the junior middle school students.Methods:389 junior middle school students were selected in this program.Drugs and addictive drug abuse prevention related knowledge and attitude of the junior middle school students were surveyed by questionnaire anonymously before and after the health education.Results:After education,average score of drugs and addictive drug abuse prevention knowledge among the junior middle school students was significantly increased from 8.8 to 15.7(full score 17),suggesting the significant difference.The junior middle school student's level of knowledge about the danger of smoking and drinking also increased significantly.The correct rate of the answers rose from 4.6%～78.6% to 79.4%～100.0%.After this education,the rate of correct attitude about the drugs and addictive drug abuse prevention was significantly higher than before.Conclusion:The study suggests that health education on drugs and addictive drug abuse prevention among the junior middle school students has the positive impact on increasing the basic knowledge on the drugs and addictive drug abuse prevention for the junior middle school students as well as setting up the correct attitude on it.