Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a frequent congenital heart disease .Incidence rate of PDA accounts for 10% ~21% of total incidence rate of congenital heart disease .In recent years ,along with the continuous deepening understanding of anatomical structure and pathology of PDA ,there were a variety of treatment methods ,including drug therapy ,interventional therapy and operation .The present article made a review about indications ,contraindi‐cations ,advantages and disadvantages of above three treatments .

Objective To discuss pathogenesis of low back pain induced by chronic compartment syndrome. Method Thirty patients who had definite chronic lumboscaral compartment syndrome without other lumbal diseases were choosed respectively to test muscle force of lumbar and abdomen,intra-sacrospinal muscle pressure,blood routine,ESR,CK,CK-MM,LDH and LDHs.All patients received decompressive operation.Skeletal muscle specimens taken from sacrospinal muscle in each operation were possessed for histological and ultrastructuml observation. Result All of enzyme tests were normal.The author could observe the dissolved degeneration of part of sacrospinal muscle fibers,muscle fiber hypertrophy,and a small quantity of inflammatory cell infiltration with a light microscope.Focal solution of muscle fiber,the aggregation of mitochondria around the nucleus,the increase of lipid droplet and lysosome in cyte,and the proliferation and differentiation of muscle satellite cell could be observed with an electron microscope. Conclusion Pathogenesis of chronic lumboscaral compartment syndrome may be as followed.Intra-compartmental pressures increase,causing metabolism disturbance of the tissues under fascia compartment,damaging skeletal muscle chronically,then inflammatory factors are released,which stimulates posterior branch of spinal nerves,and finally induces low back pain.

Objective: To study the pharmacodynamic differences between Simiao Pills with crude Atractylodis Rhizoma and bran stir-baked Atractylodis Rhizoma on the treatment of adjuvant arthritis. Methods: Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank control group (normal saline), model control group (normal saline), Tripterygium wilfordii glycosides (TWG) group (9.45 mg/kg), low-and high-dose (1.080 and 4.320 g/kg) Simiao Pills (crude Atractylodis Rhizoma) group, low-and high-dose (1.080 and 4.320 g/kg) Simiao Pills (stir-baked Atractylodis Rhizoma with bran) group. Except the blank control group, the other groups were modeled to adjuvant arthritis with complete Freund's. Paw edema value, spleen and thoracic gland indexes, serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and nitric oxide (NO) were observed. Results: Both Simiao Pills with crude Atractylodis Rhizoma and bran stir-baked Atractylodis Rhizoma could inhibit paw edema, decrease spleen index, advance the thoracic gland index, and decrease IL-1β and NO. The Simiao Pills with crude Atractylodis Rhizoma showed better effects. Conclusion: Both Simiao Pills with crude Atractylodis Rhizoma and bran stir-baked Atractylodis Rhizoma show a certain therapeutic effect on adjuvant arthritis, but the crude Atractylodis Rhizoma is in favor of the efficacy of Simiao Pills.

Humans ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Neurosurgery ; methods

Adult ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Epididymis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Inhibins ; metabolism ; Leydig Cell Tumor ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Testicular Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Cerebral ischemic postconditioning (IPO) refers to a series of rapid intermittent interruptions of blood flow in the early phase of reperfusion. It protects brain tissue against ischemia-reperfusion injury. IPO decreases infarct volume and neuron loss by activating protein kinases,blocking apoptosis pathways,inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress. IPO can be applied after cerebral ischemia,and it has better application prospects in clinical practice. This article reviews IPO and its neuroprotective mechanisms.

Objective To evaluate the cardiac function changing before and after resection of pituitary tumor in patients with pituitary adenoma complicated with dilated cardiomyopathy with retrospective analysis method.Methods The clinical data of 14 cases of patients with pituitary adenoma complicated with dilated cardiomyopathy,treated with resection of pituitary tumor,in PLA General Hospital,from 2005 to 2011,were collected and analyzed.Comparative analysis of cardiac function were made in these patients before and after the surgery,also with the postoperative recovery status,using echocardiography and other noninvasive detection means to detect the growth hormone ( GH),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD),septal thickness (ST),left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT),left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) values.Results After the resection of pituitary tumor,the LVEDD,ST,LVPWT,LVEF levels were all significantly better than that before the surgery.Before the surgery the GH,ST,LVPWT,LVEF levels were 93.89 μg/L,11.13 mm,43.92％ and 10.53 mm,while those after the surgery were 5.16 μg/L,10.64 mm,49.28％ and 8.87 mm.The difference of the GH level before and after the surgery was correlated with the difference of ST,LVEDD and LVEF in a linear manner.Conclusions Recection of pituitary tumor can significantly improve the cardiac function in patients with pituitary adenoma complicated with dilated cardiomyopathy,and the cardiac function improving level is correlated with the difference of GH levels before and after the surgery.

Objective Background Predicting risk factors for valve replacements is important both for informed consent of patients and objective review of surgical outcomes. Development of reliable prediction rules requires large data sets with ap-propriate risk factors that are available before surgery. Methods Data were from Belling Anzhen Institute of heart, pulmonary and vascular diseases in the period of January 1993 to December 2004. 4482 heart valve replacement patients were analyzed.There. were 848 aortic valve replacements, 2202 mitral valve replacements and 1387 double valve replacements. Logistic regres-sion was used to examine the relationship between risk factors and in-hospital mortality. Results In the multivariable analysis,5 variables in the aortic model (older age, body area, NYHA class IV, creatin, CPB time) , 8 variables in the mitral model ( NYHA class Ⅳ, congestive heart failure, cardiac/thoracic ratio, FS, etiology, LVESD, CPB time, use of IABP) and 7 var-iables in the double valve model (older age, NYHA class Ⅳ, previous myocarditis, diabetes, CPB time, weight index, previ-ous percutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy ) remained independent predictors of the outcome. The mathematical models were highly significant predictors of the in-hospital mortality, and the results were in general agreement with those of others. The area uoder the receiver operating characteristic curve for the aortic model was 0. 921 [ 95% confidence interval ( CI ), 0. 874 to 0. 967 ], for the mitral model was 0. 859 ( 95% CI, 0. 813 to 0. 905 ) aod for dnuhle model was 0. 868 ( 95% CI, 0. 827 to 0.908). The goodness-of-fit statistic for the aortic model was χ~2 = 1.463, P=0.993, for the mitral model was χ~2 = 8.720,P = 0. 366 and for the double valve model was χ~2 = 8 . 134, P = 0. 420. Conclusion We print results and methods for use in day-to-day practice to calculate patient-specific in-hospital mortality after aortic and mitral valve surgery, by the logistic e-quation for each model or a simple scoring system with a look-up table for mortality rate.

Objective To observe the effects of bisphosphonate on the inhibit proliferation and the apoptosis effect in osteo‐sarcoma MG‐63 cells in vitro ,explore the phosphonic acid salt of bone sarcoma cells ,induce apoptosis and its possible mechanism . Methods Sixty three osteosarcoma MG‐63 cells were cultured in vitro .After treated with bisphosphonate 400 μg/mL ,without bi‐sphosphonate but normal saline ,they were incubated 72 h after the application of the two group cell immunofluorescence test ;then observe the expression of apoptosis factors Caspase 3 and Fas ;Flow cytometry detection line was used to detect the osteosarcoma cell line MG‐63 cells apoptosis rate of each group .Results 72 h after treatment with bisphosphonate ,the expression of apoptosis factor of Caspase‐3 and Fas in osteosarcoma MG‐63 cells were strongly expressed ,and it was observed by immunofluorescent assay , while in blank control group ,we could barely see the expression of apoptosis factors Caspase‐3 and Fas ;Flow cytometry test results showed that two phosphonic acid salt 400 μg/mL intervention group cell apoptosis rate was 54 .00% ,far more than normal saline blank control group ,of which the apoptosis rate was 3 .10% ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) ,there is an obvi‐ous phenomenon of induced apoptosis .Conclusion Bisphosphonate has a strong apoptotic effects of bisphosphonate in osteosarcoma MG‐63 cells in vitro .Bisphosphonate can inhibit osteolysis of osteosarcoma MG‐63 cells via regulating the expression of Caspase‐3 , Fas in osteosarcoma MG‐63 cells .Bisphosphonate may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of osteosarcoma .

Osteoporosis complicated with fracture is a common and severe condition. This paper summarizes present advances and new concepts in its treatment. Since the secondary osteoporosis will likely develop after fracture treatment with immobilization, more and more bone mass will get lost in addition to primary osteoporosis. A vicious cycle will be established and influence the fracture healing. Therefore, the key to the treatment is to block the vicious cycle to stop or decrease the bone loss. As a routine measure, to do exercises and weight- bearing activities as early as possible is as important as to take medicines for osteoporosis treatment. Stable internal fixation and prosthetic replacement should be firstly chosen for treatment of most fractures. In drug treatment, calcitonin, bisphosphonate (alendronate), HRT (Livial), vitamins D2 and D3, and calcium are indicated.