In order to investigate a hemodynamic complication associated with the resection of a large arteriovenous malformation, we planed the following experiment. We divided the left common caroted artery and the internal jugular vein for microsurgical anastomsis between the rostral carotid and caudal jugular vessel ends : the 2 remaining wessel stumps were ligated. This created an arteriovenous shunt with afferent flow from the contralateral caroted and the basilar artery and retrograde down to the carotid-jugular anastomosis. And then, we occluded the shunt vessels at the each stage of the first and fourth week after anteriovenous shunt. Forty adult cats weighing from 2.2 to 2.4kg were used in this study The animals were devided into 4 groups : group 1(acute occlusion-1 week after shunt, n=10), group 2(staged occlusion-1 week after shunt, n=10), group 3(acute occlusion-4 week after shunt, n=10), group 4(staged occlusion-4 week after shunt, n=10) respectively. The regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), cardiopulmonary function were measured in each animal group and also observed the response of the cerebral blood flow on induced changes of the blood pressure and the arterial bicarbonate. The arteriovenous shunt patency was evaluated by serial angiography. The results were as follows ; 1) Considerable increases in the mean arterial blood pressure(mABP) as well as bradycardia were observed in acute occlusion groups(group 1, 3). After induced hyercarbia, the increments of mABP in acute occlusion groups were less than staged occlusion groups, considerbly. 2) Significant decreases in the mean pulse rate were observed in acute occlusion groups. the mean pulse rate were the highest decrease in group 3. 3) The values of rCBF of left frontal cortex in acute occlusion groups were more greater increase than those of staged occlusion groups considerably. 4) After induced hypercarbia, considerable increases of the rCBF were demonstrated in all groups and increases of the rCBF were lowest in group 3 compared with the other groups. After induced hypercarbia, considerable increases of the rCBF were demonstrated in all groups and reductions of the rCBF were lowest in group 3 compared with the other groups. 5) After induced hypercarbia, considerable increases of the rCBF were demonstrated in all groups. The rCBFs were the highest increase in group3 and lowest increase in group 2 compared with the other groups. After induced hypotension, considerable reductions of the rCBF were demonstrated in all groups. The rCBFs were the highest reduction in group 3 and lowest reduction in group 2 compared with the other groups. It might be infered from these results that patients with large arteriovenous malformations, particulary those with cerebral steal symptoms, are at risk to develp neurologic defictis related to perfusion breakthrough if their malformed vessels are abruptly removed, and staged or gradual occlusion of feeding arteries may prevent this potentially devastating complication.
Adult ; Angiography ; Animals ; Arteries ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; Basilar Artery ; Blood Pressure ; Bradycardia ; Cats ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Homeostasis* ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Jugular Veins ; Perfusion

No abstract available.
Dermabrasion* ; Eyebrows* ; Foreign Bodies* ; Foreign-Body Reaction*

The Author reports here the statistical observation of poliomyelitis from the 46 cases during a 3 month period (June, August, 1971) at the department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Korea General Hospital under the support of Shrine Club in Korea. The statistical results were as follows: 1. Among 46 cases, 30 were male, age of infection of poliomyelitis ranged from 2 month to age of five. The majority of cases were under the age of one and 95% of total patients were under the age of three. 2. Among 46 cases, 78.2% was not vaccinated fer poliomyelitis. The sequela of paralysis were more prevalent in this group. 3. tibialis anterior muscle and quadriceps femoris muscle were paralized predominently, 78.2% and 60.8% respectively. 4. Seventy eight and two tenth percent (78.2%) of patient seeked Chinese medicine practitionar with herb and acupunture, following paralysis, only 39.1% reported to the hospital and 4.4% did not see any treatment at all.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Paralysis ; Poliomyelitis ; Quadriceps Muscle

After the success of total hip replacement arthroplasty by John Charnley in 1962, it was well known fact that total hip replacement arthroplasty can be applied to degenerative arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, post-traumatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, even on the fused hip. However the old dislocated hip gives arise a few problem for its total hip replacement with the follwing causes:, 1. floor of the falad acetabulum is very thin and inadequate to receive a socket. 2. distorted anatomy of the acetabulum and proximal femur. 3. short and atrophic abductor mechanism. Total hip replacement arthroplasty could be successful for the old dislocated hip, if the adequate size of cup ard prosthesis are available and there is adequate length of the hip abductor. Preoperatively we can measure the size of the acetabulum and the distorted femur with roentgenogram. But it is not known how to measure or predict whether or not there is enough length of the abductor muscle mechanism preoperatively. Therefore the question arises how to measure or predict the length of the hip abductor in the old dislocated hip. Although this is a preliminary report, it is our feeling that the more the range of motion the hip has, the better the length of the hip abductor muscle. In our series acetabular socket can be positioned at the original site and the osteomized greater trochanter reduced to the femur easily in the cases more than 190 of total range of motion of the affected hips, The range of motion of the affected hip can be measured preoperatively.
Acetabulum ; Arthritis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Femur ; Hip ; Osteoarthritis ; Prostheses and Implants ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing

Cystic malformations of the common bile duct have usually been found to occur in the extrahepatic portion of the common bile duct. A rare type occurs at the terminal end of the common bile duct and lies in the intraluminal portion of the duodedum; this latter type has been called a choledochocele. The lesion is undoubtedly congenital. The case of an extrahepatic choledochal cyst and choledochocele (type IVB choledochal cyst in the Totani classification) in a 63-year-old woman is presented. This is rare, combined choledochal cyst.
Choledochal Cyst* ; Common Bile Duct ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged

School bullying, the most prevalent type of school violence, is known to be related to various behavioral, emotional, and social problems both in victims and perpetrators. The purpose of the present study was to review available reports on school bullying in Korea and other countries, and author's two recently conducted epidemiological studies in a Korean community sample of elementary and middle school students. Among a total of 532 students of 4th to 6th graders of two elementary schools, 44.4% of students experienced school bullying. Children who were involved with school bullying reported impaired quality and satisfaction of friendship. Social immaturity, withdrawal, inattention-passivity, conduct problems, aggression, and male gender were associated with both victims and perpetrators of school bullying. In a 8-month prospective study of two middle schools, the prevalence of school bullying was similar to those in elementary schools (40.9~45.5%). Risks for chronic self-injurious/suicidal behaviors were significantly increased in chronic victims, perpetrators, and victim-perpetrators compared to those who were not involved with school bullying. Additionally, the male gender, first child, and extreme socioeconomic status were identified as environmental risk factors of school bullying. School bullying is very common among Korean elementary and middle school students. Both victims and perpetrators had more significant psychopathology than their counterparts. More active and scientifically tailored intervention and preventive programs are required to decrease school bullying and to provide appropriate assistance for promoting healthy development of Korean students.
Aggression ; Bullying* ; Child ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Friends ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies ; Psychopathology ; Risk Factors ; Social Class ; Social Problems ; Violence

No abstract available.
Fathers* ; Friends* ; Humans ; Memory* ; Orthopedics* ; Shoulder*

Defecography evaluates in real time the morphology of rectum and anal canal in a physiologic setting by injection of a thick barium paste into the rectum and its subsequent evacuation. Because of its ability of structural and functional evaluation, defecography is primarily performed for work up of patients with longstanding constipation, unexplained anal or rectal pain, residual sensation after defecation or suspected prolapse. Technique and interpretation of this examination are outlined in this review.
Anal Canal ; Barium ; Constipation ; Defecation ; Defecography ; Humans ; Pelvic Floor ; Prolapse ; Rectum ; Sensation

No abstract available.
Angioedema*

No abstract available.
Calcification, Physiologic* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*