No abstract available.

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Cleft Lip* ; Congenital Abnormalities*

No abstract available.
Facial Nerve* ; Paralysis* ; Transplants*

No abstract available.
Free Tissue Flaps* ; Lower Extremity* ; Soft Tissue Injuries*

No abstract available.
Durapatite* ; Forehead*

No abstract available.
Fascia* ; Foot* ; Free Tissue Flaps* ; Hand* ; Rabeprazole*

The major defining pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are the accumulations of Abeta in senile plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau in neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads. Recent studies indicate that rather than these insoluble lesions, the soluble Abeta oligomers and hyperphosphorylated tau are the toxic agents of AD pathology. Such pathological protein species are accompanied by cytoskeletal changes, mitochondrial dysfunction, Ca2+ dysregulation, and oxidative stress. In this review, we discuss how the binding of Abeta to various integrins, defects in downstream focal adhesion signaling, and activation of cofilin can impact mitochondrial dysfunction, cytoskeletal changes, and tau pathology induced by Abeta oligomers. Such pathological consequences can also feedback to further activate cofilin to promote cofilin pathology. We also suggest that the mechanism of Abeta generation by the endocytosis of APP is mechanistically linked with perturbations in integrin-based focal adhesion signaling, as APP, LRP, and beta-integrins are physically associated with each other.
Alzheimer Disease ; Amyloid ; Cytoskeleton ; Endocytosis ; Focal Adhesions ; Integrins ; Mitochondria ; Neurofibrillary Tangles ; Neuropil Threads ; Oxidative Stress ; Plaque, Amyloid

OBJECTIVE: After classifing the twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) according to clinical stage by Quintero, we reviewed effectiveness and usefulness of clinical stage by Quintero in diagnosis and treatment of TTTS. METHODS: Twelve cases (16%) were diagnosed as TTTS among 75 examples (31.3%) of monochorionic twin pregnancy out of 240 cases of twin pregnancy born in our hospital between Mach 2000 and June 2004. For TTTS, the clinical stage was decided at the time of initial diagnosis, and any changes of it were observed according to the developments of pregnancy. Neonate was regarded as alive when 5 minutes Apgar score was above 7 after birth. Also we observed the vascular anastomosis of placenta, and classified the method of treatments and its results according to each clinical stage. RESULTS: Two cases were classified into the clinical stage 1 through 4 each, and 4 cases in the clinical stage 5. The higher the clinical stage, the shorter the duration between diagnosis and delivery (p<0.05). In cases of both survivors, compared to no survivors, the interval between diagnosis and delivery were long (p<0.05). In the clinical stage 4 and 5, we found many cases that didn't have placental vascular anastomosis between artery and artery, and in this case, there revealed poor perinatal outcomes. For 4 cases that fell in the clinical stage 1 and 2 and 4, we performed amnioreduction and for one case in the clinical stage 2, we did amnioseptostomy at the same time. In 4 cases with amnioreduction or amnioseptostomy, survival rate was 38%. CONCLUSION: The clinical classification system of TTTS by ultrasound would be helpful for planning treatments and also for predicting the outcomes.
Apgar Score ; Arteries ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Parturition ; Placenta ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Twin ; Survival Rate ; Survivors ; Ultrasonography*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Current international guidelines recommend colorectal cancer screening for average-risk people over 50 years of age. Accordingly, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of colorectal neoplasms in all age groups and evaluate associated risk factors. METHODS: Data of 14,932 subjects who underwent colonoscopy from July 2006 to January 2012 at Health Promotion Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital (Seoul, Korea) as part of a health check-up were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of colorectal neoplasms and adenoma were 34.6% and 25.3%, respectively. Colorectal adenoma was found in 3.2%, 13.0%, 21.7%, 33.8%, 44.0%, 50.5%, and 54.2% of subjects under 30 years, 30-39 years, 40-49 years, 50-59 years, 60-69 years, 70-79 years, and over 80 years of age (trend p<0.0001). Independent predictors of colorectal adenoma included male gender (OR 2.38, 95% CI 2.084-2.718), positive occult blood (2.266, 1.761-2.917), positive serology of Helicobacter pylori (1.253, 1.114-1.409) and hypertriglyceremia (1.267, 1.065-1.508). Compared to the 30-39 years of age reference group, the ORs for each age group were 0.195 (under 30 years), 1.634 (40-49 years), 2.954 (50-59 years), 5.159 (60-69 years), 5.640 (70-79 years), 11.020 (over 80 years), while the 95% CIs were 0.071-0.536 (under 30 years), 1.340-1.992 (40-49 years), 2.421-3.604 (50-59 years), 4.109-6.476 (60-69 years), 3.822-8.322 (70-79 years), and 2.809-42.234 (over 80 years). CONCLUSIONS: Colorectal adenoma prevalence increased proportionally with age. Only subjects under the age of 30 years had a definitely lower prevalence of colorectal adenoma. Male gender, positive occult blood, positive serology of H. pylori, and hypertriglyceremia were associated risk factors of colorectal adenoma.
Adenoma/*epidemiology/etiology ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Colonoscopy ; Colorectal Neoplasms/*epidemiology/etiology ; Female ; Helicobacter Infections/complications ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Hypertriglyceridemia/complications ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Factors