No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Cleft Lip* ; Congenital Abnormalities*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Facial Nerve* ; Paralysis* ; Transplants*

No abstract available.
Free Tissue Flaps* ; Lower Extremity* ; Soft Tissue Injuries*

No abstract available.
Durapatite* ; Forehead*

No abstract available.
Fascia* ; Foot* ; Free Tissue Flaps* ; Hand* ; Rabeprazole*

The major defining pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are the accumulations of Abeta in senile plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau in neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads. Recent studies indicate that rather than these insoluble lesions, the soluble Abeta oligomers and hyperphosphorylated tau are the toxic agents of AD pathology. Such pathological protein species are accompanied by cytoskeletal changes, mitochondrial dysfunction, Ca2+ dysregulation, and oxidative stress. In this review, we discuss how the binding of Abeta to various integrins, defects in downstream focal adhesion signaling, and activation of cofilin can impact mitochondrial dysfunction, cytoskeletal changes, and tau pathology induced by Abeta oligomers. Such pathological consequences can also feedback to further activate cofilin to promote cofilin pathology. We also suggest that the mechanism of Abeta generation by the endocytosis of APP is mechanistically linked with perturbations in integrin-based focal adhesion signaling, as APP, LRP, and beta-integrins are physically associated with each other.
Alzheimer Disease ; Amyloid ; Cytoskeleton ; Endocytosis ; Focal Adhesions ; Integrins ; Mitochondria ; Neurofibrillary Tangles ; Neuropil Threads ; Oxidative Stress ; Plaque, Amyloid

PURPOSE: A plunging ranula is relatively uncommon and represents a mucus escape reaction occurring from a disruption of the sublingual salivary gland. It is a common condition found in young adults, even though the reported age range is 2 - 61 years. We report our experience of a complete excision of a plunging ranula via the intraoral and submandibular approach. METHODS: A 23-year-old man had a large protruding mass in the right submandibular area. Initially, the protruding mass appeared bilaterally but the left side disappeared spontaneously. The MRI findings revealed a homogenous fluid attenuation mass in the submandibular space, suggesting a ranula. The sublingual gland was extirpated through the intraoral approach and the ranula excised totally via the submandibular approach. RESULTS: The patient had an uneventful postoperative course without infection, paralysis and tongue sensory changes, etc. The pathology findings were characteristic of a pseudocyst without a lining epithelium or endothelium but with a vascular fibro-conective tissue wall filled with mucinous fluid. No recurrence was observed on the submandibular area during the 8 month follow-up period. CONCLUSION: The combined intraoral approach and submandibular approach is an effective and highly recommended method for sublingual gland extirpation and complete excision of a plunging ranula.
Endothelium ; Epithelium ; Escape Reaction ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mucins ; Mucus ; Paralysis ; Ranula ; Recurrence ; Salivary Glands ; Sublingual Gland ; Tongue ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: Epidural abscesses and subdural empyemas after craniotomy are uncommon, potentially lethal, complications of neurosurgery. Patients with these complications may be difficult to manage and dural reconstruction in these patients are challenging. METHODS: A 28-year-old female patient showed recurrent intracranial infection after craniotomy for evacuation of a arachnoid cyst and subdural hematoma. Despite prolonged systemic antibiotic administration and a debridement of the subdural space, infection persisted, as evidenced by persistent fever, an elevated WBC count, CSF leakage, low CSF glucose level, and purulent wound discharge. The authors removed the previously applied lyophilized dura and transferred free omental flap to reconstruct the dura, obliterate the cyst and cover the cerebral hemisphere in the craniotomy defect. Microvascular anastomosis was between gastroepiploic and superficial temporal vessels. RESULTS: The postoperative course was uneventful and flap survival was excellent. The infection-resistant omental tissue allowed sufficient blood circulation and dead space control. The patient was discharged 1 month after the surgery and wound discharge or recurrence was absent during 13 months of follow up periods. CONCLUSION: The use of vascularized free omentum proved useful in cases of intractable cranial wound infection and cerebrospinal fluid leakages
Adult ; Arachnoid ; Blood Circulation ; Cerebrum ; Craniotomy ; Debridement ; Empyema, Subdural ; Epidural Abscess ; Female ; Fever ; Follow-Up Studies ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Glucose ; Hematoma, Subdural ; Humans ; Neurosurgery ; Omentum ; Recurrence ; Subdural Space ; Wound Infection