PURPOSE: We compared the prophylactic effects of intravenously administered azasetron (10 mg) and ondansetron (8 mg) on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 98 ASA physical status I or II 20-65 years old, female patients, in this prospective, randomized, double blind study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups and received ondansetron 8 mg (group O) or azasetron 10 mg (group A) 5 min before the end of surgery. The incidence of PONV, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, need for rescue antiemetic and analgesics, and adverse effects were checked at 1, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h postoperatively. RESULTS: The overall incidence of PONV was 65% in group O and 49% in group A. The incidence of PONV was significantly higher in group O than in group A at 12-24 h postoperatively (nausea; 24% vs. 45%, p = 0.035, vomiting; 2% vs. 18%, p = 0.008), but there were no significant differences at 0-1, 1-6, 6-12 or 24-48 h. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, azasetron (10 mg) produced same incidence of PONV as ondansetron (8 mg) in patients undergoing general anesthesia for gynecological laparoscopic surgery. Azasetron was more effective, in the intermediate post-operative period, between 12 and 24 h.
Adult ; Aged ; Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures/*adverse effects ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Ondansetron/*therapeutic use ; Oxazines/*therapeutic use ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting/*prevention & control ; Serotonin Antagonists/*therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: Nowadays half body bathing (H-bath) became popular with increasing interests of health and well-being. H-bath is expected to be beneficial and safe as well as conventional whole body bathing (W-bath). However, there has been no formal report on the safety and effectiveness of H-bath. Therefore, this study tried to evaluate and compare the cardiovascular response during H-bath and W-bath in patients with or without cardiovascular disease. METHOD: 17 subjects with at least one cardiovascular risk factor and 15 subjects without any cardiovascular risk factor took H-bath while 22 healthy control group without any cardiovascular risk factor took W-bath. Changes of skin and oral temperature as well as hemodynamic responses (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate) were measured. RESULTS: Increasing of systolic blood pressure and heart rate in H-bath was statistically lowered compared to W-bath as time goes by in bathing (p<0.05). There were no significant difference in patients with and without cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSION: Heart rate, temperature, systolic blood pressure showed a more gradual increase during H-bath than during W-bath. We propose that H-bath could be a more safe and compliant method of cardiac rehabilitation in patients with cardiovascular disease.
Baths* ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Heart ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Rehabilitation ; Risk Factors* ; Skin

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate cognitive changes in medical students before and after introduction of a 'Patient-Doctor-Society' course into the curriculum of a medical school. METHODS: Self-questionnaires that evalutated medical student congnition in the areas of medical humanities and sociology were answered by graduates-to-be who had experienced a new or previously implemented curriculum. The questionnaires included 28 questions using seven Likert scales. Student t-test was used to compare the scores between students who were educated using the new or old curriculum. RESULTS: In 405 medical students, 349 (86%) answered the questionnaires. For nine (32%) questions, students who partook of the new curriculum had higher scores than those in the older curriculum, and in 19 (68%) questions, there was no statistically significant difference. The questions that revealed differences between the groups were related to professionalism, care, personal and social communication, and ethics. CONCLUSION: Introduction of the 'Patient-Doctor-Society' course into the curriculum of a medical school was associated with cognitives change in medical students with regard to medical humanities and sociology.
Cognition ; Curriculum ; Humanities ; Humans ; Schools, Medical ; Social Sciences ; Sociology ; Students, Medical ; Weights and Measures ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine and share experiences of male nurses who have been rejected during their nursing practice by their patients. METHODS: The participants were 12 male nurses who have worked in several hospitals. Data were collected through personalized in-depth interviews. Collected data were analyzed with the content analysis method. RESULTS: The results can be categorized into three main themes. 1. Rejection based on gender stereotypes of nurses' roles. 2. Nurses' reactions when nursing was rejected 3. Reestablishing the role as a nurse. The results of this study showed that male nurses were struggling to maintain their own positions as professional nurses. They were refused by their patients and they experienced a lack of skill and knowledge in nursing practice. They were harmed physically and psychologically from being turned down, and sometimes they had serious conflicts with female nurses. Meanwhile, the male nurses tried to be faithful to their role as professional nurses. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show the following findings. 1. The male nurses' experiences where mostly ones of understanding and cooperation with patients' caregivers. 2. The need for public relations advertising and systematic support from the media. 3. The need for improving gender equality for nurses. 4. Strengthening male nursing students' endeavors for sound nursing professionalism.
Caregivers ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Nurses, Male ; Nursing ; Professionalism ; Public Relations ; Qualitative Research