No abstract available.
Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Humans

Ocular ischemic syndrome is a disorder which includes the ocular symptoms and signs secondary to marked carotid artery occlusion, and typically occurs in elderly men. The ocular signs are unilateral injected eye with corneal edema, anterior uveitis, rubeosis iridis, neovascular glaucoma and cataract. On ophthalmologic examinations, unilateral venous dilation, narrowed retinal arteries, equatorial dot-blot hemorrhage and disc or retinal neovasculization are oftenly noted. The characteristic angiographic findings are delayed choroidal and retinal circulations associated with ipsilateral internal carotid artery occlusion. We have experienced a case of ocular ischemic syndrome with neovascular glaucoma, who is 61 year old man with right ocular pain and visual disturbance. Angiographic examinations revealed nearly total occlusion of ipsilateral proximal internal carotid artery.
Aged ; Carotid Arteries ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Cataract ; Choroid ; Corneal Edema ; Glaucoma, Neovascular* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retinal Artery ; Retinaldehyde ; Uveitis, Anterior

No abstract available.
Seoul*

PURPOSE: This study investigated the clinical significance of AN in children and adolescents with obesity induced metabolic complications. METHODS: Forty-nine patients who had obesity induced metabolic complications were participated in this cross-sectional study. Obesity induced metabolic complications are as follows: hypertension, dyslipidemia, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)>3.16. Clinical characteristics, such as, age, percentage-weight-for-height (PWH), pubertal status, blood pressure (BP), fasting plasma insulin level, fasting and post-oral glucose tolerance test 2-hour glucose levels, liver function test, lipid profile, HOMA-IR were compared according to the presence of AN. RESULTS: Sixty-five percent of patients had AN, 57.1% NASH, 57.1% dyslipidemia, 55.1% hypertension, 46.9% IFG, 24.5% HOMA-IR>3.16 and 16.2% IGT. The patients who were moderately to severely obese with AN had higher incidence of IGT and HOMA-IR>3.16. The patients with AN had significantly higher diastolic BP (79.4+/-6.9 vs 75.4+/-5.6 mmHg), fasting levels of plasma insulin (10.6+/-6.0 vs 6.2+/-5.4 microIU/mL), HOMA-IR index (2.6+/-1.4 vs 1.4+/-1.3) and PWH (42.4+/-13.0 vs 34.3+/-1.8%). The increasing tendency for the presence of AN was significantly related to the cumulative number of obesity induced metabolic complications. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of AN was significantly associated with fasting plasma insulin level, PWH and IFG. CONCLUSION: AN could be useful as a clinical surrogate of obesity induced metabolic complications.
Acanthosis Nigricans* ; Adolescent* ; Blood Pressure ; Child* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dyslipidemias ; Fasting ; Fatty Liver ; Glucose ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Liver Function Tests ; Logistic Models ; Obesity* ; Plasma

Malignant glaucoma is a disease process in which entire anterior chamber becomes uniformly shallow and elevates intraocular pressure. Classically, this has been described as limited to cases occurring following glaucoma surgery. Subsequently, association with trauma, inflammation, and the use of miotic agents, as well as spontaneous occurrence have also been noted. We have experienced one case of bilateral malignant glaucoma associated with ciliochoroidal detachment which was detected by ultrasoundbiomi-croscopy in a 55-year-old male. The episode followed the use of a strong miotic(pilocarpine hydrochloride 4%) and laser iridotomy for acute angle closure glaucoma. We report this case with review of available literature.
Anterior Chamber ; Glaucoma* ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Middle Aged

The propensity score is defined as the probability of each individual study subject being assigned to a group of interest for comparison purposes. Propensity score adjustment is a method of ensuring an even distribution of confounders between groups, thereby increasing between group comparability. Propensity score analysis is therefore an increasingly applied statistical method in observational studies. The purpose of this article was to provide a step-by-step nonmathematical conceptual guide to propensity score analysis with particular emphasis on propensity score matching. A software program code used for propensity score matching was also presented.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Propensity Score ; Radiology/*methods ; Research Design ; Research Personnel ; Software

Little informaition is available concerning the relation between the echocardiographic findings and the pulmonic to systemic flow ratio. Accordingly the author assessed the pattern of the systolic interventricular septal motion and the relation between the type of the systolic interventricular septal motion and the pulmonic to systemic flow ratio in 30 cases with catheterization evidence of secundum atrial septal defect employing the M-mode echocardiographic technique. The results were as follows: 1) Analysis of the pattern of the systolic interventricular septal motion (SESM) allowed classification of cases into 5 groups: Type 1A (4 cases)-Both the right (RS) and left (LS) sides of the interventricular septum move anteriorly during ventricular systole: Type1V (5 cases)-Both RS and LS of the interventricular septum move posteriorly during ventricular systole:Type 2A (9 cases)-LS of the interventricular septum moves posteriorly, while RS fo the interventricular septum remains relatively flat during ventricular systole; Type 2B (8 cases)-RS of the interventricular septum moves anteriorly, while LS of the interventricular septum remains relatively flat during ventricular systole;Type 3(4 cases)-SISM is the same as type 2 and the motion of the left ventricular posterior wall is relatively hyperactive. 2) The pulmonec to systemic flow ratio (Qp/Qs) was statistically different between type 1, 2, and 3 of SISm (Qp/Qs in type 3=2.3+/-0.33;Qp/Qs in type 2=3.4+/-0.79;Qp/Qs in type 3=5.1+/-1.37). 3) Qp/Qs was not different between type 1A and 1B (Qp/Qs in type 1A=2.3+/-0.28;Qp/Qs in type 1B=2.3+/-0.39) and between type 2A and 2B (Qr/Qs in type 2A=2.20+/-0.80; Qp/Qs in type 2B=3.7+/-0.76). 4) Tyep 2 in SISm predicts Qp/Qs> or =2.5(sensitivity=87.5%;specificity=100%;accuracy=90%), and type 3 in SiSm predicts Qp/Qs> or =4.0(sensitivity=40;specificity=100%;accuracy=80%). In conclusion, the pattern of the systolic interventricular septal motion (SISM) in the M-mode echocardiogram may be useful for the semiquantitative assessment of the pulmonic to systemic flow ratio (Qp/Qs) in cases with secundum atrial septal defect.
Catheterization ; Catheters ; Classification ; Echocardiography ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial* ; Systole

The idiopathic hypereosinophlic syndrome (HES) is a disease defined by three diagnostic criteria, first, sustained blood eosinophilia is greater than 1,500/mm3 present for longer than 6 months, second, other apparent etiologies for eosinophilia must be absent, including parasitic infection and allergic disease, third, patients must have signs and symptoms of organ involvement. It is associated with cytotoxic granule proteins released by mature eosinophils. HES mainly affects cardiovascular, neurologic, pulmonary system, liver and spleen while low incidence of gastrointestinal involvement is found, and the development of severe complications such as intestinal obstruction after peritonitis or intestinal perforation is extremely rare. We have experienced a case of HES involving hepatic and digestive system, 39 year old man patient who was operated due to intestinal obstruction that was followed by HES, so we report this case with a review of the literature.
Adult ; Digestive System ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils ; Humans ; Hypereosinophilic Syndrome* ; Incidence ; Intestinal Obstruction* ; Intestinal Perforation ; Liver ; Peritonitis ; Spleen

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) are associated with schizophrenia in Korean population. METHODS: Four SNPs (rs4648317, rs7131056, rs4936270, and rs1076562) of DRD2 were selected and genotyped by direct sequencing in 197 schizophrenia patients and 370 control subjects. SNPAnalyzer, SNPStats, and Haploview version 4.2 programs were performed to analyze the genetic data. Multiple logistic regression models (codominant1, codominant2, dominant, recessive, overdominant, and log-additive) were used to evaluate the odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and p values. For multiple testing, p values (pc) were re-evaluated by Bonferroni's correction. RESULTS: The genotype frequency of DRD2 rs4936270 SNP was associated with the development of schizophrenia (p=0.0007, OR=1.71, 95% CI=1.16-2.52 in the codominant1 model; p=0.011, OR=1.63, 95% CI=1.12-2.37 in the dominant model; p=0.035, OR=1.41, 95% CI=1.03-1.95 in the log-additive model). The allele frequency of rs4936270 was also associated with the development of schizophrenia (p=0.024, OR=1.45, 95% CI=1.05-1.98). After Bonferroni's correction, the genotype distribution of rs4936270 was still related to the development of schizophrenia (pc=0.0028 in the codominant1 model; pc=0.044 in the dominant model). A linkage disequilibrium block consisted of rs4648317, rs7131056, and rs4936270. The CAT haplotype frequency was different between schizophrenia and controls (p=0.039). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that DRD2 SNPs may be associated with the development of schizophrenia in Korean population.
Animals ; Cats ; Dopamine ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Logistic Models ; Odds Ratio ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptors, Dopamine ; Schizophrenia

PURPOSE: Oak is the dominant tree species in Korea. Oak pollen has the highest sensitivity rate among all allergenic tree species in Korea. A deep neural network (DNN)-based estimation model was developed to determine the concentration of oak pollen and overcome the shortcomings of conventional regression models. METHODS: The DNN model proposed in this study utilized weather factors as the input and provided pollen concentrations as the output. Weather and pollen concentration data were used from 2007 to 2016 obtained from the Korea Meteorological Administration pollen observation network. Because it is difficult to prevent over-fitting and underestimation by using a DNN model alone, we developed a bootstrap aggregating-type ensemble model. Each of the 30 ensemble members was trained with random sampling at a fixed rate according to the pollen risk grade. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed model, we compared its performance with those of models of regression and support vector regression (SVR) under the same conditions, with respect to the prediction of pollen concentrations, risk levels, and season length. RESULTS: The mean absolute percentage error in the estimated pollen concentrations was 11.18%, 10.37%, and 5.04% for the regression, SVR and DNN models, respectively. The start of the pollen season was estimated to be 20, 22, and 6 days earlier than that predicted by the regression, SVR and DNN models, respectively. Similarly, the end of the pollen season was estimated to be 33, 20, and 9 days later that predicted by the regression, SVR and DNN models, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the DNN model performed better than the other models. However, the prediction of peak pollen concentrations needs improvement. Improved observation quality with optimization of the DNN model will resolve this issue.
Korea ; Pollen ; Quercus ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal ; Seasons ; Trees ; Weather