The prevalence of chronic diseases including osteoporosis and sarcopenia increases as the population ages. Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are commonly associated with genetics, mechanical factors, and hormonal factors and primarily associated with aging. Many older populations, particularly those with frailty, are likely to have concurrent osteoporosis and sarcopenia, further increasing their risk of disease-related complications. Because bones and muscles are closely interconnected by anatomy, metabolic profile, and chemical components, a diagnosis should be considered for both sarcopenia and osteoporosis, which may be treated with optimal therapeutic interventions eliciting pleiotropic effects on both bones and muscles. Exercise training has been recommended as a promising therapeutic strategy to encounter the loss of bone and muscle mass due to osteosarcopenia. To stimulate the osteogenic effects for bone mass accretion, bone tissues must be exposed to mechanical load exceeding those experienced during daily living activities. Of the several exercise training programs, resistance exercise (RE) is known to be highly beneficial for the preservation of bone and muscle mass. This review summarizes the mechanisms of RE for the preservation of bone and muscle mass and supports the clinical evidences for the use of RE as a therapeutic option in osteosarcopenia.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aging ; Bone and Bones ; Bone Density ; Chronic Disease ; Diagnosis ; Education ; Genetics ; Metabolome ; Muscle Strength ; Muscles ; Osteoporosis ; Prevalence ; Sarcopenia

Thyroid hormones play an important physiological role in maintaining adult bone structure and strength. Consequently, thyroid dysfunction is related to skeletal outcomes. Overt hyperthyroidism is an established cause of high bone turnover with accelerated bone loss, leading to osteoporosis and increased fracture risk. Hyperthyroidism induced by thyroid-stimulating hormone-suppressive therapy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer is a cause of secondary osteoporosis. In contrast, there is a lack of evidence on the negative impact of hypothyroidism on bone health. Considering the clinical updates on the importance of bone health in thyroid dysfunction, the Task Force from the Clinical Practice Guidelines Development Committee of the Korean Thyroid Association recently developed a position statement on the evaluation and management of bone health of patients with thyroid diseases, particularly focused on endogenous hyperthyroidism and thyroid-stimulating hormone-suppressive therapy-associated hyperthyroidism in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Herein, we review the Korean Thyroid Association’s position statement on the evaluation and management of bone health associated with thyroid diseases.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of job stress, emotional labor, and positive psychological capital on the job satisfaction of physician assistants (PAs). METHODS: The sample consisted of 166 PAs working in general hospitals in B city, Y city, and C city. Data were analyzed through the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program using t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. RESULTS: The factors of job stress (β=−.488, p<.001), positive psychological capital (β=.188, p=.004), and total clinical career (β=−.147, p=.014) had the greatest influence on the level of job satisfaction experienced by the PAs. The total explanatory power was 49.9%. CONCLUSION It was found that job stress, positive psychological capital, and total clinical career were influencing factors in the job satisfaction of PAs. Therefore, to improve their job satisfaction, it is necessary to develop strategies to manage the job stress experienced by PAs, and to strengthen and develop positive psychological capital.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of job stress, emotional labor, and positive psychological capital on the job satisfaction of physician assistants (PAs). METHODS: The sample consisted of 166 PAs working in general hospitals in B city, Y city, and C city. Data were analyzed through the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program using t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. RESULTS: The factors of job stress (β=−.488, p<.001), positive psychological capital (β=.188, p=.004), and total clinical career (β=−.147, p=.014) had the greatest influence on the level of job satisfaction experienced by the PAs. The total explanatory power was 49.9%. CONCLUSION: It was found that job stress, positive psychological capital, and total clinical career were influencing factors in the job satisfaction of PAs. Therefore, to improve their job satisfaction, it is necessary to develop strategies to manage the job stress experienced by PAs, and to strengthen and develop positive psychological capital.
Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Physician Assistants ; Stress, Psychological

The BRAF(V600E) mutation is the most common genetic alteration and presents in 40~80% of all papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), showing the highest prevalence in the Korean population, close to 80%. Previous studies published in the past 10 years showed a significant correlation between BRAF(V600E) mutation and poor prognostic outcomes of PTC, including recurrence and mortality. Therefore, its clinical application for the diagnosis of thyroid nodule or for decisions regarding the management policy by prediction of the prognosis of thyroid cancer has been proposed. However, some recent studies have reported conflict results, and there appear to be growing concerns regard to the cost-benefit of tests for detection of the BRAF(V600E) mutation. In this paper, we reviewed previous studies regarding the BRAF(V600E) mutation and attempted to evaluate the clinical implication of the BRAF(V600E) mutation in clinical practice.
Diagnosis ; Mortality ; Prevalence ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Thyroid Neoplasms* ; Thyroid Nodule

OBJECTIVES: As a preliminary study on the prevalence of mental disorders in Korean children and adolescents, we investigated the diagnosis distribution of mental disorders in people under 19 years of age using the health insurance data. METHODS: From the 2011 health insurance data of 1,375,842 people, the data of 286,465 people under 19 years old were extracted. Among them, we selected 10,778 with psychiatric diagnoses; male 6,453 (59.9%) and female 4,325 (40.1%). The frequency of psychiatric diagnoses in the males was 10,140 (62.7%) cases, which was significantly higher than that (6,031; 37.3%) in the females. We categorized the groups into 3 year intervals. RESULTS: In the males under 3 years old, F80 was the most prevalent diagnosis, followed by F98. F90 and F41 were the most prevalent in the 4-15 and above 16 years old groups, respectively. In the females, F98 was the most prevalent in the children up to 3 years old, while F80 was the second most prevalent. In the 4-6 years of age group, F98 was the most prevalent, followed by F93. F90 and F41 were predominant in the 7-12 and above 12 years old groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: In the analysis of the frequency of diagnosis of mental disorders in the population under 19 years old, there were significant differences in the distribution based on age and gender.
Adolescent ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Insurance* ; Insurance, Health ; Male ; Mental Disorders ; Prevalence