The present study addressed the risk factors in early life for Korean preschool children that are associated with being overweight or obese.

Analyses were done on one hudred and twenty caaes of bleeding gastric ulcers diagnosed by emergency endoscopy for the past five years. The reaults are as the following: Much more cases were found in male than female and the most prevalent age group was 6th decade. The body of stomach along the lesser curvature was the most common bleeding site. No age related difference was noted in bleeding sites. Most common type of ulcer was in the round and shallow form. Five of six cases with exposed vessels showed atrophic changes in surrounding mucosa. Among the probable precipitating factors, analgesica, alcohols and certicosteroids were found in such order,
Alcohols ; Emergencies ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Male ; Mucous Membrane ; Precipitating Factors ; Stomach ; Stomach Ulcer* ; Ulcer

Depression is a common psychiatric disorder, but accurate recognition of depression is somewhat difficult because of different symptom presentation by age. The consequence of not recognizing to depression is that clinically significant and potentially treatable depression might be overlooked, misdiagnosed, and mistreated in depressive patients. The overlap of somatic symptoms of depression and physical illness and minimal expression of sadness is common in old age. Because of that reasons, alternative approach to identifying depression should be provided by proper screening instruments.
Depression ; Humans ; Mass Screening

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of intravitreal bevacizumab injection in preventing panretinal photocoagulation (PRP)-induced macular edema and visual dysfunction in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study of 40 consecutive eyes (20 patients) with proliferative diabetic retinopathy whose visual acuity (logMAR) was 0.2 or less, foveal thickness (microm) was 280 or less, and retinopathy was bilaterally symmetrical. In Group 1 (20 eyes), PRP was performed with intravitreal bevacizumab injection 1 week before the initiation of PRP, but in Group 2 (20 eyes) PRP alone was performed. In all eyes, PRP was completed using the same technique. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and foveal and parafoveal thicknesses were measured before treatment and 1 and 3 months after PRP. RESULTS: Before treatment, the mean BCVA and foveal and parafoveal thicknesses were not statistically significantly different between the two groups (p>0.05). At 1 and 3 months after PRP, the mean BCVA improved and the foveal and parafoveal thicknesses were significantly smaller in Group 1 than in Group 2 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal bevacizumab injection before PRP could help prevent PRP-induced macular edema and visual dysfunction in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and good vision.
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Eye ; Humans ; Light Coagulation ; Macular Edema ; Prospective Studies ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Acuity ; Bevacizumab

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of intravitreal bevacizumab injection in preventing panretinal photocoagulation (PRP)-induced macular edema and visual dysfunction in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study of 40 consecutive eyes (20 patients) with proliferative diabetic retinopathy whose visual acuity (logMAR) was 0.2 or less, foveal thickness (microm) was 280 or less, and retinopathy was bilaterally symmetrical. In Group 1 (20 eyes), PRP was performed with intravitreal bevacizumab injection 1 week before the initiation of PRP, but in Group 2 (20 eyes) PRP alone was performed. In all eyes, PRP was completed using the same technique. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and foveal and parafoveal thicknesses were measured before treatment and 1 and 3 months after PRP. RESULTS: Before treatment, the mean BCVA and foveal and parafoveal thicknesses were not statistically significantly different between the two groups (p>0.05). At 1 and 3 months after PRP, the mean BCVA improved and the foveal and parafoveal thicknesses were significantly smaller in Group 1 than in Group 2 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal bevacizumab injection before PRP could help prevent PRP-induced macular edema and visual dysfunction in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and good vision.
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Eye ; Humans ; Light Coagulation ; Macular Edema ; Prospective Studies ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Acuity ; Bevacizumab

PURPOSE: This study was to analyze the effect size of complementary and alternative intervention studies in reference to dysmenorrhea and menstrual distress. METHODS: In order to conduct a meta-analysis, a total of 393 studies were retrieved from the database. Twenty-eight studies that were published from March 2001 to February 2011 were selected. RESULTS: Intervention studies included seven studies on aromatherapy, five on auriculotherapy, three on each Koryo-Sooji-Chim and moxibustion, two on each heat therapy and magnetic therapy and six on other therapy. The effect size of the intervention studies on dysmenorrhea and menstrual distress was greater than 0.48 for Koryo-Sooji-Chim, moxibustion, aromatherapy, auriculotherapy and other therapy. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that drug free therapy can reduce the levels of menstrual distress, despite the small number of intervention studies and randomized controlled trials.
Aromatherapy ; Auriculotherapy ; Dysmenorrhea ; Female ; Hot Temperature ; Clinical Trial ; Magnetics ; Magnets ; Menstruation ; Moxibustion

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing exercise behaviors of the male manual workers and office workers based on health promotion model by examining the relationships among them, and then to provide basic information for developing exercise program. METHODS: The 97 laborers and 99 officiers were collected from two worksites. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple regression. RESULTS: Male laborers' exercise behavior was significantly influenced by exercise self-efficacy, exercise social support and exercise experience over 3 months, and these factors explained 50.2% of the total variance. Male officiers' exercise behavior was significantly influenced by exercise self-efficacy, subjective health status, perceived exercise barriers and exercise social support, and they explained 47.3% of the total variance. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the findings that exercise self-efficacy and exercise social support commonly influence exercise behavior of male laborers and officiers, there is a need to develop an exercise program to improve exercise self-efficacy and exercise social support.
Health Promotion* ; Humans ; Male* ; Workplace

BACKGROUND: To reduce the disadvantages with both epidural and spinal block, a combined spinal epidural(CSE) technique was introduced by Brownridge in 1981. The effect of the combined spinal-epidural block was compared with the spinal block for elective cesarean section. METHODS: Fifty healthy parturients were randomly divided into a spinal(n=20) group and a CSE(n=30) group. In the spinal group, 0.5 ml of 5% meperidine(25 mg) mixed with 40~50 mg of 5% hyperbaric lidocaine was injected into the subarachnoid space . In the CSE group, 0.5 ml of 5% meperidine also was injected into the subarachnoid space through a long 26-gauge Quincke needle, which was introduced through an 18-gauge Tuohy needle. An epidural catheter was then inserted and 1.5% lidocaine 7~9 ml was given. RESULTS: 1) The mean time interval from the end of drug injection to T4 sensory block was 3.6?1.0 min in the CSE block and 3.6?1.2 min in the spinal block. The mean level of peak sensory block was T3.3?0.6 in the CSE block and T3.5?0.5 in the spinal block. The time interval between the end of drug injection and Bromage scale 0 of the CSE block(62.1?27.9 min) was significantly (p<0.0001) shorter than the spinal block(102.1?24.0 min). Hypotension ocurred in 14 patients(47%) of the CSE block and 10 patients(50%) of the spinal block. The surgical analgesia was exellent or good in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The CSE block using meperidine and hyperbaric lidocaine for cesarean section resulted in rapid onset, good surgical analgesia and rapid motor recovery. And incidence of hypotension of the both groups was not significantly different.
Analgesia ; Anesthesia, Epidural* ; Catheters ; Cesarean Section* ; Female ; Hypotension ; Incidence ; Lidocaine* ; Meperidine* ; Needles ; Pregnancy ; Subarachnoid Space

PURPOSE: Management of appendicitis in children has always been an issue in pediatric surgery. Both diagnostic methods and treatment vary significantly among medical centers, and little consensus exists in many aspects of the care for patients with appendicitis. Here, we assessed the value of drain insertion after appendectomy in children. METHODS: This study is a retrospective review of pediatric patients who underwent appendectomy for perforated appendicitis at a tertiary medical center between 2003 and 2012. Patients who had a peritoneal drain inserted after appendectomy were compared with patients without drains regarding preoperative features and postoperative outcomes. Statistical analyses included a 2-tailed Student t-test and a chi-square or Fisher exact test. RESULTS: In total, 958 patients were reviewed. Of 342 patients with perforated appendicitis, 108 (31.6%) had Jackson-Pratt (JP) drains inserted. The JP group had a longer hospital stay compared with the non-JP group (6.38 +/- 3.59 days vs. 3.87 +/- 2.38 days, P < 0.001). The JP group also had higher complication rates (22.2% vs. 6.8%, P = 0.003), including the formation of intra-abdominal abscesses. CONCLUSION: According to our results, there seems to be little evidence to support peritoneal drain insertion after appendectomy, even in perforated appendicitis cases.
Abdominal Abscess ; Appendectomy* ; Appendicitis* ; Child* ; Consensus ; Drainage ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Retrospective Studies

This study was conducted to examine bone mineral density and factors which effect on bone mineral density such as daily nutrients intake, age, menarch age and physical condition among healthy female college students in Daegu area from April 20, to May 20, 2004. 1. Average age was 20.5+/-0.96 years old, average height was 160.9+/-4.30cm, and average weight was 55.9+/-7.67kg. Body mass index was 21.6+/-2.91kg/m2, body fat was 25.6+/-5.79%, menarche age was average 12.5+/-1.1 years old and WHR(waist/hip circumference ratio) was 0.8+/-0.01cm/cm. 2. Average level of bone mineral density(T-score -0.56+/-0.91) was in normal range. But, 11 persons(24.4%) are over T-score -1.0, 33 persons(73.4%) were within -1.0 ~ -2.5 and one person(2.2%) was under -2.5. It is very anxious level for Osteopenia-low bone mass, as research result shows 73.4% of the subject of examine on the level of Osteopenia. 3. Daily calorie intake was 2,550kcal and each nutrient intake, compared to the seventh recommended dietary allowances for korean, was as follows ; Calorie 112%, protein 123%, calcium 78%, phosphorus 137%, iron 68%, vitamin A 101%, vitamin B1 141%, vitamin B2 95%, niacin 107%, vitamin C 128% and zinc 120%. The ratio of calcium to phosphorus(Ca/P) is 0.66, low compared to RDA, but phosphorus intake is so high compared to RDA that precautions should be taken. The ratio of calcium to protein(Ca/Protein) is 8.55. 4. Menarche age and bone mineral density of calcaneus showed positive correlation and body mass index(BMI) indicated positive correlation. Age, height, weight. WHR and physical activity coefficient all do not indicate any significant correlation with bone mineral density. 5. Intake of Calorie, Ca, Ca/p ratio, carbohydrate and fat intake were positively correlated and, protein was negatively correlated, and Fe, Na, P and cholesterol were negatively correlated with BMD. These results indicate that average bone mineral density of subjects was in normal range, but subjects in the stage of osteopenia-low bone mass are many and bad effects are expected to have on their bone mineral density after menopause. Therefore, in order reach maximal bone mineral density, they should improve the balance between calcium and phosphorus and reduce salt intake. And it is thought that education and profound studies on relevant factors affecting the genesis of bone mineral density should be made.
Adipose Tissue ; Ascorbic Acid ; Body Mass Index ; Bone Density* ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Calcaneus ; Calcium ; Cholesterol ; Daegu* ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Iron ; Menarche ; Menopause ; Motor Activity ; Niacin ; Phosphorus ; Recommended Dietary Allowances ; Reference Values ; Riboflavin ; Thiamine ; Vitamin A ; Zinc