Toxoplasmosis is caused by the intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. It is anopportunistic zoonosis in warm-blooded animals and humans, with a worldwide distribution. Toxoplasma gondii dense granule protein 16 (TgGRA16) can modulate some functions in host cells and is considered a significant virulent factor of the parasite. The present study reports sequence variation in TgGRA16 gene among T. gondii strains from different hosts and geographical locations, and the construction of phylogenetic relationships of these T. gondii strains based on sequences of TgGRA16, and analysis of B cell epitopes in TgGRA16. Our results showed that all TgGRA16 gene sequences were 1518 bp and the C+G contents ranged from 52.17% to 52.59%. Sequence variation in the TgGRA16 gene was 0-1.51%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that TgGRA16 gene sequence could not be used to differentiate the different T. gondii genotypes. Six B cell epitopes were predicted in TgGRA16. These results indicated that TgGRA16 gene is not an ideal marker for studying genetic relationships of T. gondii isolates, but may represent a good vaccine candidate against toxoplasmosis.

OBJECTIVES: To summarize the clinical characteristics and nutrition therapy for children with lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI). METHODS: The clinical manifestations, laboratory test results and enteral nutrition treatment in a girl with LPI diagnosed in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University were retrospective analyzed. Additionally, the data of the children with LPI reported in China and overseas were reviewed. RESULTS: A case of 4-year-old girl was presented, who exhibited significant gastrointestinal symptoms, such as chronic abdominal distension, prolonged diarrhea, recurrent pneumonia, and limited growth. She had a poor response to anti-infection treatment. After receiving enteral nutrition therapy, she did not experience any gastrointestinal discomfort, and there were improvements in the levels of hemoglobin, albumin, and blood ammonia. Unfortunately, due to serious illness, she declined further treatment and later passed away. A total of 92 cases of pediatric patients with LPI have been reported to date, including one case reported in this study. Most children with LPI experienced disease onset after weaning or introduction of complementary foods, presenting with severe digestive system symptoms, malnutrition, and growth retardation. It is noteworthy that only 50% (46/92) of these cases received nutritional therapy, which effectively improved their nutritional status. Among the 92 children, 8 (9%) died, and long-term follow-up data were lacking in other reports. CONCLUSIONS LPI often involves the digestive system and may result in growth restriction with a poor prognosis. Nutritional therapy plays a crucial role in the comprehensive treatment of LPI.
Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/therapy* ; Enteral Nutrition/methods* ; Malnutrition ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE： To study the chemical constituents of n-Butanol part from the roots of Camellia oleifera， and to provide reference for elucidating the pharmacodynamic substance basis of it’s anti-tumor effect. METHODS： The ethanol extracts were obtained by using 95％ ethanol as extraction solvent to extract the roots of C. oleifera， and the n-Butanol part was obatined after the extracts were extratced with ethyl acetate and water-saturated n-butanol solution in turn. The chemical constituents of n-butanol part were isolated and purified by D101 macroporous resin column， silica gel， atmospheric pressure reversed phase column chromatography， sephadex gel SephadexLH-20 column chromatogram and preparative HPLC. The structure of the compounds was identified by spectroscopic analysis of physicochemical constants， electrospray ionization mass spectrometry， 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. RESULTS： Eight compounds were isolated from the roots of C. oleifera and elucidated as quercetin 3′ -O-β-D-glucoside （compound 1）， apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside （compound 2）， （+）-lyoniresinol-3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside （compound 3）， rubusoside （compound 4）， dulcoside B （compound 5）， 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenol 1-O-β-D-[6-O-（4-hydroxy-3，5-dimethoxylbenzoate）-glucopyranoside （compound 6）， 3，4，5-trimethoxyphenyl-6-O- syringoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside （compound 7）， gordonoside P （compound 8）.  CONCLUSIONS： Compounds 1-8 were isolated from this plant for the first time. This not only enriches the chemical constituents of this genus， but also provides a reference for elucidating the anti-tumor bioactive substances in this part.

Over the past decades, due to the increasing incidence of breast cancers and the rapid advances achieved in biomaterials science, a variety of biological and synthetic meshes have been developed for implant-based breast reconstruction immediately after mastectomy. The mesh-based procedure of breast reconstruction simplifies surgical procedures, reduces postoperative complications, and improves the aesthetic outcomes. We have systematically searched 8 medical literature databases on the complications of breast reconstruction immediately after mastectomy with the use of biological or synthetic meshes in support of prosthetic implants or tissue expanders. This review included a total of 86 clinical studies that met the screening criteria and were published from 2005 to 2021. We reviewed the incidences of major and overall postoperative complications over 12 months or longer in a total of 17 798 breast reconstructions, which were over 10% and 30%, respectively. Major postoperative complications included implant exposure and extraction, dehiscence and skin necrosis, infection, hematoma and seroma, which account for more than 75% of all major postoperative adverse events. There were considerable differences in the incidences of major postoperative complications between biological meshes and synthetic meshes. The use of biological meshes is associated with higher rates of dehiscence and skin necrosis, whereas the use of synthetic meshes is associated with higher rates of implant exposure and extraction. Therefore, besides the selection of proper meshes, surgeons are expected to pay more attention to the prevention and treatment of major complications.

Over the past decades, due to the increasing incidence of breast cancers and the rapid advances achieved in biomaterials science, a variety of biological and synthetic meshes have been developed for implant-based breast reconstruction immediately after mastectomy. The mesh-based procedure of breast reconstruction simplifies surgical procedures, reduces postoperative complications, and improves the aesthetic outcomes. We have systematically searched 8 medical literature databases on the complications of breast reconstruction immediately after mastectomy with the use of biological or synthetic meshes in support of prosthetic implants or tissue expanders. This review included a total of 86 clinical studies that met the screening criteria and were published from 2005 to 2021. We reviewed the incidences of major and overall postoperative complications over 12 months or longer in a total of 17 798 breast reconstructions, which were over 10% and 30%, respectively. Major postoperative complications included implant exposure and extraction, dehiscence and skin necrosis, infection, hematoma and seroma, which account for more than 75% of all major postoperative adverse events. There were considerable differences in the incidences of major postoperative complications between biological meshes and synthetic meshes. The use of biological meshes is associated with higher rates of dehiscence and skin necrosis, whereas the use of synthetic meshes is associated with higher rates of implant exposure and extraction. Therefore, besides the selection of proper meshes, surgeons are expected to pay more attention to the prevention and treatment of major complications.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: There are increasing evidences for gastrointestinal motility disorder (GIMD) and gastric stress ulcer induced by noise stress. The present study was to investigate the reversed effect of melatonin on GIMD and gastric stress ulcer induced by noise stress and potential mechanism. METHODS: Noise stress was induced on rats, and melatonin (15 mg/kg) was administered to rats by intraperitoneal injection. Differences were assessed in gastric residual rate (GRR), small intestine propulsion rate (SPR), Guth injury score, cortisol, gastrointestinal hormones (calcitonin-gene-related peptide and motilin) and oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase and malondialde hyde) in blood plasma as well as gastric mucosa homogenate with or without melatonin. The pathological examination of gastric mucosa was also performed. RESULTS: The GRR and SPR were improved by noise stress compared with control (P < 0.05). The pathological examination and Guth injury score revealed gastric stress ulcer. Moreover, the levels of cortisol, motilin and malondialdehyde in blood plasma and malondialdehyde in gastric mucosa homogenate were increased by noise stress (P < 0.05). CGRP and superoxide dismutase activity in both of blood plasma and gastric mucosa homogenate were significantly decreased (P< 0.05). Furthermore, melatonin reversed changes in GRR, SPR, pathological examination, Guth injury score, cortisol, motilin, CGRP, superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Melatonin is effective in reversing the GIMD and gastric stress ulcer induced by noise stress. The underlying mechanism may be involved in oxidative stress and gastrointestinal hormones.
Animals ; Gastric Mucosa ; Gastrointestinal Hormones* ; Gastrointestinal Motility* ; Hydrocortisone ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Intestine, Small ; Malondialdehyde ; Melatonin* ; Motilin ; Noise* ; Oxidative Stress* ; Plasma ; Rats* ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Ulcer*

Animals ; Anxiety ; Larva ; Lead ; Oxidative Stress ; Zebrafish

Humans ; Goblet Cells ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between physiological parameters changes and severe heatstroke induced by 5-km armed cross-country training. METHODS: A total of 521 male officers and soldiers from a special team who participated in the summer training of 5-km armed cross-country training from year 2016 to 2017 were enrolled. All trainees participated in 5-km armed cross-country training in high temperature and humidity environment of ambient temperature > 32 centigradeand (or) relative humidity > 65%. The trainees were divided into two groups according to the incidence of severe heatstroke in the course of training. The age, enlistment time, constitution score, body mass index (BMI), external environment (ambient temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, heat index) of trainees of the two groups, and the change rates of arterial blood oxygen saturation (SaO₂), body temperature, pulse and blood pressure within 5 minutes after the 5-km armed cross-country training were compared between the two groups. The risk factors of severe heatstroke were screened by two classified Logistic regression analysis, and the predictive value of various risk factors of severe heatstroke was analyzed by the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC). RESULTS: In 521 trainees of 5-km armed cross-country training, 29 trainees suffered from severe heatstroke accounting for 5.57%. There was no significant difference in the age, enlistment time, constitution score, BMI, or external environment during 5-km armed cross-country training between severe heatstroke group and non-severe heatstroke group. Compared with those without severe heatstroke, the descending rates of body temperature, pulse, blood pressure and SaO₂ increased rate within 5 minutes after 5-km armed cross-country training of severe heatstroke trainees were significantly decreased [temperature descending rate: (0.67±0.30)% vs. (1.43±1.28)%, pulse descending rate: (7.53±5.21)% vs. (13.48±8.07)%, blood pressure descending rate: (9.28±6.84)% vs. (19.42±7.73)%, SaO₂ increased rate: (0.51±0.39)% vs. (1.50±1.43)%, all P < 0.01]. Two classification Logistic regression analysis showed that the temperature descending rate [odds ratio (OR) = 0.485, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.289-0.817], pulse descending rate (OR = 0.903, 95%CI = 0.845-0.965), blood pressure descending rate (OR = 0.841, 95%CI = 0.790-0.896), and SaO2 increased rate (OR = 0.421, 95%CI = 0.250-0.711) were the risk factors for severe heatstroke during 5-km armed cross-country training (all P < 0.01). ROC curve analysis showed that temperature descending rate [area under ROC curve (AUC) = 0.659, 95%CI = 0.604-0.714], pulse descending rate (AUC = 0.730, 95%CI = 0.762-0.900), blood pressure descending rate (AUC = 0.831, 95%CI = 0.659-0.801), SaO₂ increased rate (AUC = 0.711, 95%CI = 0.655-0.767) could be used for the incidence of severe heatstroke prediction during 5-km armed cross-country training (all P < 0.01), and the predicted value was the same. CONCLUSIONS Under the same conditions, the severe heatstroke during 5-km cross-country training is closely related to the descending rates of body temperature, pulse, and blood pressure as well as SaO₂ increased rate within 5 minutes after the training, whose predictive values for severe heatstroke were the same.
Blood Pressure ; Heart Rate ; Heat Stroke ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Factors

Adult ; Brain ; Brain Diseases ; Heat Stroke ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Retrospective Studies