No abstract available.
Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins*

PURPOSE: Among children who visited hospital because of short stature, malnutrition-related short stature(MRSS) is often observed. Most of these children showed significantly decreased appetite without medical cause. Leptin is a very important weight regulating protein through a feedback signal between adipose tissue and the satiety center. IGF-I and insulin are also very important weight regulating hormones with adipogenic and somatotropic effects. Therefore, we have undertaken this study to examine the levels of leptin, IGF-I and insulin in MRSS and to analyze the relationship among these growth factors. METHODS: Twenty children more than 5 years old, who visited Sanggye Paik Hospital due to poor growth were enrolled. Their weight and height are less than 10 percentile of the Korean weight standard curve. All subjects had no organic disorders and their growth hormone levels were normal. Twenty healthy children whose height and weight were between the 25-75 percentiles were enrolled as a control group. The serum levels of leptin, IGF-I and insulin were measured by RIA method. RESULTS: 1)Leptin concentration was significantly lower in the MRSS than in the control group(2.35+/-1.05 vs 3.20+/-2.31 ng/mL, P<0.05, Fig. 1). 2)IGF-I concentration was significantly lower in the MRSS than in the control group(176.4+/-93.1 vs 258.2+/-221.3 ng/mL, P<0.05, Fig. 2). 3)Insulin concentration was lower in the MRSS than in the control group but showed no significant differences(17.9+/-13.9 vs 21.8+/-14.0 microIU/mL, Fig. 3). 4)Leptin was positively correlated with body weight(r=0.49, P<0.05) and BMI (r=0.55, P=0.01) in the control group, but was not correlated in the MRSS group. 5)IGF-I was positively correlated with body weight(r=0.61, P<0.05) and height (r=0.56, P<0.05) and BMI(r=0.50, P=0.05) in the control group, but was not correlated in the MRSS group. 6)There were no correlations among leptin, IGF-I and insulin both in the control and MRSS group. CONCLUSION: We speculate that low leptin and IGF-I concentrations in MRSS group might be related to the result of a poor nutritional state and might be an adaptive mechanism to reduce energy expenditure to increase appetite. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of poor appetite and adaptational changes of leptin, IGF-I and insulin, further studies with more cases are needed.
Adipose Tissue ; Appetite* ; Child* ; Child, Preschool ; Energy Metabolism ; Growth Hormone ; Humans ; Insulin* ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I* ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Leptin*

No abstract available.
Growth Hormone*

No abstract available.
Pregnancy*

No abstract available.
Eating*

The purpose of this study was to investigate degree of the health promoting behavior and self-esteem of nursing college students, and to ide tify the relationship between self-esteem and the health promoting behavior. The sample consisted of 122 college nursing students and 100 university nursing student The instruments for this study were structured questionnaire which included health promoting behavior practice level(60 items), self-esteem(10), sociodemographic characteristics (10). Data were collected from September 14 to September 28, 1998 and analyzed by SAS rogram t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regreacion. The results of this study are as follows : 1. The results of the comparison between the two groups were not significantly different for self-esteem and health promoting behavior and socio-demographic characteristics. The average score for the health promoting behavior was high 162.5(total 240). and self-esteem was high, too 30.5(total 40). In the subcategories the highest practice level was "personal hygiene(3.30)", and the lowest level was "health management(1.57)". 2. Health promoting behavior was significantly correlated with self-esteem(r = .4970, p= .0001). 3. Self-esteem was the main factor predicting health promoting behavior and accounted for 24. 69% among variance. 4. There was a statistically significant the difference on health promoting behavior according to "personality"(t=2.58, p=.0l06), "residence pattern"(F=2.90, p=.0360) and on self-esteem according to "religion"(t=-2.20, p=.0291) and, "personality"(t = 4.40, p= .0001). In conclusion, there was not a significant difference between those of college nursing students and university nursing students on self-esteem and the health promoting behavior. Self-esteem correlated with health promoting behavior positively, and was identified to be an important variable that contributed to health promoting behavior.
Humans ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Animals ; Caffeine* ; Mice* ; Mitomycin*

Since the discovery of hepatitis B virus as one of the causes of hepatitis, liver and hepatocellular carcinoma, many hepatitis B viral markers that appear in infected individuals have been discovered and many efforts to understand the relationship between the emergence of viral markers and the progression of hepatitis have been performed. Gudat (1975) compared the expression of HBcAg and HBsAg in various conditions and stages of hepatitis but the pattern of expression of viral markers and its significance have not been understood. Recently it was found by mierocytotoxicity assay that HBcAg might be the target of T lymphocytes. This study attempted to identify any correlation of the tissue expression rate and pattern of HBcAg and HBsAg with the histologic activity of 46 cases of liver cirrhosis using immunohistochemical staining. The expression rate and pattern of HBcAg and HBsAg in relation to the nodular size and positivity of serum HBeAg were also compared. The results were as follows; 1) The expression rate of HBcAg in the liver was 41.3% (19/46). and that of HBsAg was 67.4% (31/46). 2) The histologic activity of liver cirrhosis appeared to be correlated with the expression of HBcAg, especially cytoplasmic HBcAg. 3) The positivity of serum HBeAg was significantly higher in active liver cirrhosis. 4) There was no relationship between the tissue expression of HBsAg and the histologic activity of liver cirrhosis. relationship existed between the nodular size and expression rate and pattern of HBcAg and HBsAg. This study suggests that the tissue HBcAg, especially the cytoplasmic HBcAg is the most likely factor determining the histologic activity of liver cirrhosis, and that the cytoplasmic HBcAg may be the ultimate cause and target of most host immune response.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular

No abstract available.
Fever* ; Hemoptysis*

To determine the incidence rate of school accidents and its associated factors, a cohort observation was carried out in a boys' high school of a total 2,324 students for an academic year from March 1986 to February 1987. Data for accidents were collected by the author (school nurse) as students came to the school health station for treatment of accidental injury. Data for school activities were obtained from the diary of academic affairs. A total of 603 students made 1,126 visits to the station for accidental injury during the study period that gave an average 1.9 accidents per student. The average number of visits for accidental injury per day was 5.1 and the incidence rate of accidental injury was 2.2 per 1,000 student days. Each class had about 30 accidents on the average in a year. However there were two classes that had exceptionally high incidence rate of accidents; 54 accidents in one class where 10 athletes were assigned and 58 accidents in the other class where the teacher in charge was on vacation for two months. The highest incidence rate of accident was observed in June (3.4 per 1,000 student days) and the lowest rates were in December and February (1.5 and 0.7 per 1,000 student days, respectively) and there were no appreciable difference by day of week. Accidents were caused by mischief or carelessness of students in 62.2% and by the inappropriate tools and facilities of school in 18.6%. The accidents caused by tools and facilities were mainly due to the antiquated chairs and tables. Referral rate to hospital for severe injury was three times higher in cloudy days and five times higher in rainy days than in clear days. There was almost no accident during the examination period but increased after the examination. Based on these findings, following measures are recommended to prevent school accident: disperse the athletes throughout the classes; should the teacher in charge leave the class for a long period, replace with another teacher who is familiar with the class to keep order; replace or repair the inappropriate tools and facilities; and warn the students for the risk of accident or broadcast music or let the students have light physical exercise to relieve the tension in cloudy or rainy day and after examination.
Athletes ; Cohort Studies* ; Daegu* ; Exercise ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Linear Energy Transfer ; Music ; Referral and Consultation ; School Health Services