No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Diagnosis*

Objective To establish a high performance liquid chromato-graphic method for determining the concentration of baicalin in healthy volunteers.Methods The assay was conducted on the Agilent HC-C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm)column with methanol-acetonitrile-phosphoric acid (47 ∶ 53∶0.2)as the mobile phase.The detection wave length was set at 280 nm,and wogonin was taken as the internal standard.Results The linearity range was 0.25～ 12.0 μg/ml with a regressive equation of Y=0.0094 C-0.00175 (r=0.9997).The recovery was above 80％,with both intra-day RSD and inter-day RSD below 10％.Conclusion The method was convenient,rapid,accurate,and suitable for the pharmacokinetic study of baicalin and monitoring its concentration of clinical application.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common defect in human.The genetic basis of CHD is rather complicated.Chromosome aberrations,single gene disorders and polygenic disorders are three known genetic mechanisms that are responsible for cardiac malformations.Recently,with the application and development of molecular genetic approaches in CHD,significant advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of cardiac malformations are being made.

Apart from the direct causality link of emotion and health,emotions also affect health indirectly through hormone production,immune function,symptom perception,to seek treatment,treatment decisions and adhere to treatment,health behavior,and so.Medical professional norms also gradually require doctors helping patient to aware their emotions and use adaptive strategies to regulate their emotions.Emotion-focused therapy has important significance for this occupational capacity.

In this article, the author omitted the ethical statement.

Pulmonary embolism or pulmonary vein thrombosis is rare in children but does occur.Compare to adults,the vast majority of children with PE have risk factors.The clinical manifestation includes shortness of breath,pleuritic chest pain,and hemoptysis,however,which are not specific.The majority of evidence for treatments in the pediatric population is extrapolated from adult populations; the choice of treatment should be guided by risks and benefits,underlying disease,and especially,the hemodynamic stability of the patient.This article reviews the current knowledge of pulmonary embolism and pulmonary vein thrombosis in the pediatric population,summarizing its characteristics from epidemiological aspects to diagnostic and therapeutic relevant issues.

Objective To study the impacts of health insurance schemes on the equity of health services access and the financial protection for disease risk exposure of the elderly population.Methods The descriptive statistics method and econometrics models.Results Full coverage of the health insurance fails to eliminate the inequity in health services access.For example,the two-week clinical visit rate and hospitalization rate of the high-income group are 1.57 and 1.21 times higher than those of the low-income group;the disease risk economic protection function of the health insurance falls below requirement,as the out-of-pocket ratio is as high as 30%~40%;the security for urban workers is far better than urban residents,as the utilization level of outpatient service and hospitalization service of senior workers are 1.18 and 1.33 times that of senior urban residents respectively.Conclusion Despite the full population coverage of health insurance schemes,it is a long way to go before the goal of universal health coverage. Future reforms should aim at filling the financial gaps between different health insurance schemes.

Objective To investigate the effects of prostaglandin E2(PGE2) in prostate mesenchymal cell activation .Methods To culture human prostate stromal cells WPMY‐1 in vitro ,implement immunofluorescence staining after treating with DMSO and 10-9 mol/L PGE2 and detect the change of the myofibroblast phenotype .The expression of cellular inflammatory factor interleukin 8(IL‐8) was detected by real‐time quantitative PCR and the concentration of IL‐8 was detected .Results PGE2 significantly in‐creased the cellular proportion of colocalization with alpha SMA and Vimentin in WPMY‐1 cells .PGE2 promoted the expression of IL‐8 in WPMY‐1 cells .Conclusion PGE2 can increase myofibroblast phenotype in human prostate mesenchymal cells WPMY‐1 in vitro culture ,promotes the IL‐8 expression ,which has an important role in the occurrence and development of prostate cancer .

After injecting the posterior pituitery of the albino rats with cholera-toxinconjugated HRP,retrogradely labeled neurons were found in the area of the bednuclei of the stria terminalis (BST),which were then analyzed,based on therecent cytoarchitectonical study of the BST.In the anterior subdivision of the BSTdendrites could be seen in the parastrial nucleus with a few labeled cells surround-ing it;cells of the magnocellular nucleus were found scattered in the subdivision;some labeled cells were also identified in the ventral nucleus.Surrounding the dor-sal half of the posterior division of the BST there were several fairly distinct labe-led cell groups,viz.,the anterior fornical nucleus,medial and lateral dorsal accessorygroups,and the subinterventricular group.Though these cell groups are contiguouswith the BST,they do not seem to belong to the BST itself,but their dendritesoften extend into the posterior division of the BST,thus sharing some commonafferents with the latter.A few less constant cells were sometimes seen scattered invarious parts of the BST.

Horseradish peroxidase was injected into C_(6,7) or L_(5,6) spinal cord in 21 adult cats and the morphology and distribution of the labeled cells in the dorsal columu nuclei (DCN) were studied. Cells projecting to the cervical cord were found to be distributed mainly in a region from 2.5mm below to 0.5mm above the obex, while cells projecting to the lumbar cord were found within 2.5mm below the obex. Medio-Iaterally, the cervical projecting cells were located chiefly at the junctional area between the gracile and medial cuneate nuclei and at the ventromedial part of the latter. The lumbar projection cells were located more medially, concentrating at the junctional area and the ventrolateral part of the gracile nucleus. In both cases scattered cells were found in the two dorsal column nuclei. The difference in cellular distribution between cervical and lumbar injection cases is consistent with a somatotopical organization.The labeled cells in the dorsal column nuclei varied in shape and size. Small cells, mostly fusiform, were concentrated at the junctional area between the gracile and medial cuneate nuclei. Large cells were found scattered in the two nuclei. Many of them were triangular or multipolar with long and straight dendrites. A few were round and their dendrites bushy.