Introduction: Children living in orphanages tend to be neglected and may be malnourished. This study assessed the socio-economic background and nutritional status of children living in an orphanage in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the children in Sir Salimullah Muslim Orphanage, Dhaka from January to November 2014. Systematic sampling was adopted to collect data from 232 children using a semi-structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements of the children were taken and the WHO reference growth chart was used to determine the children’s nutritional status. Weight-for-age was categorised by mild, moderate and severe malnutrition. The Pearson Chi-square test was performed to determine the association between the extent of malnutrition and socio-demographic characteristics of the children. Results: The majority of the children (60.3%) in the orphanage were malnourished, with mild, moderate and severe malnourished being 43.1%, 16.8% and 0.4%, respectively. Malnutrition was higher among the boys than girls in the age group of 15-18 years. The orphans suffered significantly (P<0.05) from malnutrition compared to those, who had at least one parent alive. Conclusion: Malnutrition is highly prevalent among children and adolescents under residential care and needs to be addressed. In particular, early identification and intervention can improve the quality of nutritional status of the urban orphanage population. An investigation with a large sample is highly desirable to explore the severity of the problem in the national context.

A young lady in her early 20s presented acutely with shortness of breath with her oxygen saturations on room noted to be mid to 70% with normal respiratory rate, and blue discolouration of the lips

Pencycuron is a non-systemic protective fungicide for controlling sheath blight of rice. However, information on the fate of pencycuron in rice plant is lacking. The degradation of pencycuron in waterlogged tropic rice field was investigated.Pencycuron was applied at recommended field dose (187.5 g a.i./ha) and double recommended dose to cropped plots for three consecutive years. Pencycuron was rapidly degraded in rice plant at all doses of pencycuron application with first order half-lives of 1.57～2.77 d. The study revealed that pencycuron is safe from the human and environmental contamination point of view.

Introduction Chronic kidney disease in Brunei Darussalam is a growing problem. The number of patients reaching end stage kidney failure has increased dramatically in the last ten years. Currently, most are managed with haemodialysis while a smaller proportion is managed with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) is a form of peritoneal dialysis and has been used in Brunei Darussalam since May 2008. Materials and Methods Eight patients participated in this prospective clinical trial. As all APD patients were previously on CAPD, comparisons are made between the outcomes of APD against CAPD. Results The median and mean age of APD patients were 42 and 45.5 ± 12.73 years respectively. After switching to APD, the serum haemoglobin and albumin improved from 10.56 ± 1.95 gm/L and 27.88 ± 7.71 gm/dL to 12.26 ± 1.82 gm/L and 33.63 ± 6.89 gm/dL respectively (p values <0.05). This corresponded to improvements in seven (87.5%) and six (75%) patients respectively in both parameters. Erythropoietin requirement was reduced in six (75%) patients, including three (37.5%) patients who were able to stop erythropoietin completely. There was no peritonitis encountered. All patients reported improved quality of life with better sleep, appetite and general well-being. Conclusions Our study showed that APD was as good as CAPD with improvement seen in both laboratory and quality of life parameters. There was also reduction in erythropoietin requirement. Based on these findings, we will actively encourage and promote APD usage as oppose to CAPD usage in our population.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. PURPOSE: We report our experience of eight patients treated with C1-C3 lateral mass rod-screw stabilization and fusion in the treatment of Hangman's fracture and other axis pathologies. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Different surgical approaches, both anterior and posterior, have been described for treating Hangman's fracture and other pathologies where surgery is indicated. METHODS: All patients who underwent surgical treatment for Hangman's fracture and axial pathology where C1-C3 lateral mass screw-rod stabilization and fusion done, following reduction of the fracture or removal of the pathology were included in this series. The recorded patient management data was retrospectively studied. RESULTS: There were 8 cases in total. All were male, with an average age of 40.75 years. Hangman's fracture occurred in 6 cases (75%), one with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma and the remaining with plasmocytoma. Among the Hangman's fractures 4 (66.66%) had no neuro-deficit. Reduction and bilateral C1-C3 lateral mass screw and rod fixation with posterior fusion by bone graft was performed in all cases. In 2 cases, a C2 body tumor was removed transorally. All patients with neuro-deficit fully recovered, except one who expired in the early post-operative period. Rest of all patients were leading a normal life till last follow up. CONCLUSIONS: Although the number of cases was very small with a relatively short follow up period, C1 and C3 lateral mass screw-rod fixation followed by fusion showed promise as an effective and biomechanically sound way for the treatment of properly selected Hangman's fracture cases, and may also be suitable in other axial pathologies.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Pathology* ; Plasmacytoma ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplants

Albendazole ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Antiparasitic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Cellulitis ; parasitology ; Eyelid Diseases ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Ivermectin ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myiasis ; complications ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Wounds and Injuries ; complications

This study describes the development of a preliminary version of an instrument that attempts to assess the quality of reports of individualized homeopathic prescriptions in clinical trials and observational studies.

Aims: Temporary Immersion Bioreactor (TIB) system is an advanced technology for commercial mass production of potato microtubers. Despite of several advantages, this system possess a great risk of culture loss at any stage of micropropagation due to microbial contamination. The aims of this study were to identify microbial contaminants isolated during potato shoot growth in the TIB system, evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobial agents to prevent them, to investigate the effect of those agents in vitro on growth and morphology of potato plantlets. Methodology and results: Six bacteria namely Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Corynebacterium, Proteus, Bacillus and five fungi Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, Fusarium and Rhizopus were isolated from the TIB system. We examined the effect of three antibacterial (Gentamycin, Vancomycin and Tetracycline) and four antifungal agents (Mencozeb, Propiconazole, Bavistin and Copper oxychloride) on the contaminants and on potato shoot growth. Results show that Gentamycin (50 mg/L) and Propiconazole (0.15%) were most effective against the isolated bacteria (35 mm inhibition zone) and fungi (100%) respectively, whereas Gentamycin in combination with Bavistin showed better performance on potato shoot and root development. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Present study will provide useful guidelines to reduce or eliminate the risk of contamination during micropropagation.

Aims: Mangroves of Tanjung Lumpur, Kuantan, Pahang is considered as a relatively underexplored resource of actinomycetes. Based on the above perspective, a study was conducted on mangrove sediments of Tanjung Lumpur, Kuantan to isolate potential actinomycetes using several pretreatments and various selective media. Methodology and results: Sediments from five different sites at Tanjung Lumpur mangrove were collected and selectively pre-treated. The pretreated sediments were diluted and plated onto eight different selective media. A total of 172 potential actinomycetes were isolated from all the media. Antimicrobial activities of 61 selected strains were checked against 8 test microorganisms using cross streak method. Pretreatment of wet heat with seawater was the most effective method for the isolation of actinomycetes as it yielded a maximum of 105 actinomycete isolates and IM7 was the most suitable medium for actinomycete isolation with highest percentage of recovery (31 %). Forty three isolates (70.5 %) showed antimicrobial activities against one or more test microorganisms. Isolates IIUM B21 and IIUM B31 showed antimicrobial activity against all test microorganisms. Seven isolates showed antifungal activity as they inhibited only C. albicans. Ten isolates were randomly selected for identification based on partial sequences of 16S rRNA gene. Six isolates were found belong to the genus Streptomyces, two isolates belong to the genus Micromonospora and two isolates were identified as Rhodococcus spp. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: These findings revealed the potential of mangrove sediment of Tanjung Lumpur as an important source of actinomycetes with biosynthetic capabilities which might be beneficial to pharmaceutical industries.
Rhizophoraceae ; Actinobacteria