Sufficient knowledge on the root and root canal anatomy is essential for practicing root canal treatment. The mesiobuccal roots of maxillary molar teeth present an endodontic challenge due to their wide variability and complexity of their internal morphological landmarks. A review on the literature indicates that the prevalence of a third mesiobuccal root canal in the mesiobuccal root of maxillary molar teeth may reach 9%, and the root canal configuration usually is type XV (3-2). These reported data reveal the importance of absolute awareness for this anatomical aberration that requires special attention from dental practitioners while commencing root canal treatment in maxillary molar teeth. Hence, this article aims to report and describe the management of a maxillary first molar tooth with three mesiobuccal root canals, but with an unusual configuration.

Background: This study investigated the possible protective effects of bilberry extract after exposing rat eyes to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation. Methods: Four groups of rats were included in this study, each consisting of 10 Wistar rats. The first group acted as the control, and the second group was exposed to UV-B, 5 KJ/m2 (λm = 300 nm), for 15 minutes. The third group was orally administered bilberry extract (160 mg twice per day) for two weeks before exposure to the UV-B, while the fourth group was administered the same dose of bilberry extract for two weeks before euthanisation. A comet assay was used to examine DNA damage, while the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), activities were measured in the lens. Results: After exposing the rats to UV-B radiation, the mean percentage tail DNA and tail moment were significantly increased (P < 0.001) when compared to the control group. In the same context, the lens tissue MDA levels and CAT activity were also significantly increased (P < 0.001). The supplementation of the bilberry extract was found to improve the comet assay parameters and enzymatic activity of the rat lens tissue. Conclusion: The administration of bilberry led to a decrease in the oxidative stress in the lens tissues and DNA damage induced by UV-B radiation in the lenses of Wistar rats.
Vaccinium myrtillus ; DNA ; Comet Assay ; Malondialdehyde

Objective To explore the treatment, procedure related risks, and outcomes of patients older than 90 years of age undergoing cardiac catheterization. Methods We retrospectively studied 32 patients ≥ 90 years (93.0 ± 1.2 years) who underwent cardiac catheterisation in a tertiary specialist hospital (0.2% of 14,892 procedures during three years). The results were compared to a patient cohort younger than 90 years of age. Results Baseline characteristics revealed a higher prevalence of diabetes (P < 0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (P < 0.04), previous myocardial infarction (P < 0.02), and complex coronary anatomy (SYNTAX score 33 vs. 19) in nonagenarians. Patients < 90 years of age showed more hyperlipidemia (P < 0.01) and previous percutaneous coronary interventions (P < 0.015). Nonagenarians underwent coronary angiography more often for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (P < 0.003), were presented more often in cardiogenic shock (P < 0.003), and were transferred faster to coronary angiography in cases of ACS (P < 0.0001). The observed in-hospital mortality rate (13% study group vs. 1% control group; P < 0.003) in nonagenarians was lower than the calculated rate of thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) and global registry of acute cardiac events (GRACE) mortality and strongly influenced by the severity of clinical presentation and the presence of co-morbidities. Conclusion Despite the common scepticism that cardiac catheterisation exposes patients ≥ 90 years to an unwarranted risk, our data demonstrate an acceptable incidence of complications and mortality in this group of patients.

AIM: To assess the effect of a single dose of Sildenafil citrate on the visual function in men with early-stage age-related macular degeneration(AMD).METHODS: Forty men (mean age 71, range from 55-86 years)with early-stage AMD were prospectively randomized to receive either placebo or Sildenafil citrate (Viagra; Pfizer Inc, New York, NY) 100mg as a single oral dose. Subjects underwent visual acuity, Amsler grid and color discrimination in each eye before and at specific intervals within 9 hours after dosing.RESULTS: Compared with placebo, no pattern of errors were evident in any visual function test following Sildenafil administration. No statistically or clinically relevant changes from baseline were observed in visual acuity or color discrimination. No clinically relevant changes were observed in the Amsler grid. Sildenafil treatment was associated with transient mild or moderate headache and flushing. CONCLUSION: A single 100mg dose of Sildenafil was well tolerated and produced no significant acute visual effects in a sample of men with early-stage AMD.

The envelope gene of ADOL-4817 strain of avian leukosis viru s subgroup J (ALV-J) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and clo ned into TA vector. The sequence analysis results showed that the envelope gene is composed of 1?746 bp, 1?554 bp of which could be translated into 517 amino acids for gp85 and gp37. The molecular weight of envelope protein is 57.7kD. T here are 15 potential glycosylation sites in the envelope protein, 13 of which i s located in gp85. Analysis of sequences of envelope gene indicate that ADOL -4817 showed high degree of sequence identity to other ALV-J strains, and m ost close ly related to the like-envelope gene of endogenous virus EAV-HP but divergent from these of other ALV subgroup A-E . These data support the hypothesis that envelope gene of avian leukosis virus subgroup J maybe acquired by recombination with expressed sequences.

Posterior pedicle screw fixation has become a popular method for treating thoracolumbar burst fractures. However, it remains unclear whether additional fixation of more segments could improve clinical and radiological outcomes. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of fixation levels with pedicle screw fixation for thoracolumbar burst fractures. MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Springer, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant randomized and quasirandomized controlled trials that compared the clinical and radiological efficacy of short versus long segment for thoracolumbar burst fractures managed by posterior pedicle screw fixation. Risk of bias in included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Based on predefined inclusion criteria, Nine eligible trials with a total of 365 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Results were expressed as risk difference for dichotomous outcomes and standard mean difference for continuous outcomes with 95% confidence interval. Baseline characteristics were similar between the short and long segment fixation groups. No significant difference was identified between the two groups regarding radiological outcome, functional outcome, neurologic improvement, and implant failure rate. The results of this meta-analysis suggested that extension of fixation was not necessary when thoracolumbar burst fracture was treated by posterior pedicle screw fixation. More randomized controlled trials with high quality are still needed in the future.
Bias (Epidemiology) ; Humans ; Methods ; Pedicle Screws* ; Spine

Objective: To analyze how Pilates exercises affect standing, walking, and balance in children with diplegic cerebral palsy throughout a 10-week program. Methods: We included 40 children aged 7–9 years with diplegic cerebral palsy, and randomly allocated them into two groups of the same size: conventional therapy group (group A) and conventional therapy+Pilates group (group B). We administered the same conventional physical therapy program to both groups for 45 minutes, with group B receiving additional Pilates exercises for 45 minutes. Both groups attended the intervention program three times/week for 10 weeks. We used the Growth Motor Function Measure Scale (GMFM-88) to evaluate standing and walking (Dimensions D and E), and the Pediatric Balance Scale to evaluate balance function before and after treatment. Results: Comparison of the average values of all measured variables before and after therapy showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the two groups. All measured variables showed a significant difference between groups A and B, in favor of group B (p<0.05). Conclusion Pilates exercise in addition to conventional therapy is more effective in improving balance and gross motor function in children with diplegic cerebral palsy than the conventional therapy alone.

No abstract available.

Although schistosomicidal drugs and other control measures exist, the advent of an efficacious vaccine remains the most potentially powerful means for controlling this disease. In this study, native fatty acid binding protein (FABP) from Fasciola gigantica was purified from the adult worm's crude extract by saturation with ammonium sulphate followed by separation on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration using Sephacryl HR-100, respectively. CD1 mice were immunized with the purified, native F. gigantica FABP in Freund's adjuvant and challenged subcutaneously with 120 Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. Immunization of CD1 mice with F. gigantica FABP has induced heterologous protection against S. mansoni, evidenced by the significant reduction in mean worm burden (72.3%), liver and intestinal egg counts (81.3% and 80.8%, respectively), and hepatic granuloma counts (42%). Also, it elicited mixed IgG1/IgG2b immune responses with predominant IgG1 isotype, suggesting that native F. gigantica FABP is mediated by a mixed Th1/Th2 response. However, it failed to induce any significant differences in the oogram pattern or in the mean granuloma diameter. This indicated that native F. gigantica FABP could be a promising vaccine candidate against S. mansoni infection.
Animals ; Antibodies, Helminth/immunology ; Fasciola/*chemistry ; Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins/*administration & dosage/immunology/isolation & purification ; Female ; Helminth Proteins/*administration & dosage/immunology/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Immunization ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Schistosoma mansoni/immunology/*physiology ; Schistosomiasis mansoni/immunology/parasitology/*prevention & control