Background: The post-traumatic glaucoma is a major cause inducing blindness of traumatic eyes. Recent, researches have shown that 5 fluoruoracil (5 FU) combined with surgery, which have a better result in treatment of general glaucoma and post-traumatic glaucoma. Objectives: To describe the clinical characteristics of post - traumatic glaucoma and assess the results of trabeculectomy with intra-operative application of 5 FU. Subject and methods: A descriptive, prospective analysis was taken on 32 patients, who had trabeculectomy with intra-operative application of 5 FU from August 2005 to December 2007 in the Traumatic Department of National Institute of Ophthalmology. Results: Post-traumatic glaucoma was seen mainly in young adults 71.9%; anterior angle recession combined lesions accounted for 25%; cataract 62.5%; fluid in anterior chamber 25%; anterior haemorrhage 37.5%. The intraocular pressure (lOP) was successfully controlled at least up to the following six months in 93.8% and the visual acuity was 0.02 and better in 62.5%. Conclusions: Trabeculectomy with antimetabolite therapy is an effective procedure in reducing IOP in post - traumatic glaucoma.
5 Fluorouracil ; post-traumatic glaucoma

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Parthenolide (PT) is responsible for the bioactivities of Feverfew. Besides its potent anti-inflammatory effect, this compound has recently been reported to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Unfortunately, many of the therapies that use 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) alone or in combination with other agents are likely to become ineffective due to drug resistance. In the present study, we investigate the antitumor effect of PT combined with 5-FU on colorectal cancer cells. METHODS: SW480 cell was employed as a representative of human colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells. We performed MTT, annexin-V assay, and Hoechst 33258 staining to measure the synergistic effect. Western blotting was used to demonstrate apoptotic pathway. RESULTS: Our result demonstrated that PT inhibited the viability of colorectal cancer cells and had synergistic anti-proliferation in combination with 5-FU. After combined treatment of 5-FU and PT, enhanced apoptotic cell death is observed using annexin-V FITC assay and it was revealed by the condensed chromatin and fragmented DNA. Compared with 5-FU or PT alone, the apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells treated with PT and 5-FU enhanced the activation of caspase-8, caspase-3. CONCLUSIONS: Combined treatment with PT may offer an efficacious strategy to overcome 5-FU resistance in certain CRC cells.
Apoptosis ; Bisbenzimidazole ; Blotting, Western ; Caspase 8 ; Cell Death ; Chromatin ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; DNA ; Drug Resistance ; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate ; Fluorouracil ; Humans ; Sesquiterpenes ; Tanacetum parthenium

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy is characterized by proliferation of retinal pigment epithelial cells, fibroblasts, glial cells and excessive fibrous tissue production. Recently minoxidil has been found to inhibit the proliferation of cultured fibroblast and retinal pigment epithelium. Minoxidil also inhibits the mRNA expression and protein production of lysyl hydroxylase, a key-enzyme involved in cross-linking of collagen. Therefore, the author investigated the effects of minoxidil on cultured mouse fibroblast and the result was compared with those of 5-fluorouracil and dexamethasone. Dexamethasone demonstrated bimodal effect of stimulation of proliferation at low concentrations and inhibition at higher concentrations. Fifty percent inhibition of growth (ID50) was seen at a concentration of 316mg/L. 5-fluorouracil had the most potent antiproliferative activity with ID50 of 0.8mg/L. Minoxidil had more potent antiproliferative properties on cultured mouse fibroblasts than dexamethasone. Fifty percent inhibition of growth (ID50) was 200mg/L. Reduction in cell number was seen after a 30 minute treatment and was half-maximal after 48 hours of treatment with 1000mg/L minoxidil.
Animals ; Cell Count ; Collagen ; Dexamethasone ; Epithelial Cells ; Fibroblasts* ; Fluorouracil ; Mice* ; Minoxidil* ; Neuroglia ; Procollagen-Lysine, 2-Oxoglutarate 5-Dioxygenase ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium ; Retinaldehyde ; RNA, Messenger ; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative

A mixture of tegafur and uracil (TEGASIL) is a common antineoplastic agent. Tegafur is a fluoropyrimidine structurally similar to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU); uracil slows the degradation of 5-FU by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, which results in higher 5-FU concentrations in tumors. Mucocutaneous side effects induced by this agent are rare and include photosensitivity of lichenoid and eczematous types, acral erythema, hyperpigmentation and palmoplantar keratoderma. However, there have been no reports of fixed drug eruption associated with TEGASIL. We report here on a case of fixed drug eruption due to oral TEGASIL.
Dihydrouracil Dehydrogenase (NADP) ; Drug Eruptions ; Erythema ; Fluorouracil ; Hyperpigmentation ; Keratoderma, Palmoplantar ; Tegafur ; Uracil

PURPOSE: Tegafur, an oral prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), has been used in the treatment of gastric cancers. UFT (tegafur + uracil) has been developed to enhance the efficacy of tegafur. This study was conducted to assess the pharmacokinetics (PK) of tegafur in gastric cancer patients given the ECU-E regimen (epirubicin, cisplatin, UFT-E, an enteric-coated formula of UFT). A preliminary evaluation of antitumor efficacy and toxicity of ECU-E regimen was also performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of the 32 gastric cancer patients registered for the ECU-E regimen, 8 participated in the PK study. The plasma concentration of tegafur was determined using HPLC. RESULTS: Seven out of the 8 patients were evaluable for response after 2 cycles, and showed 3 partial responses, 1 stable disease and 3 progressive diseases. No major toxicities were observed. Plasma profiles of the tegafur after the first dose showed significant differences in the amount and rate of absorption, i.e., rapid absorption group vs. slow absorption group. The level of C(max) in the rapid absorption group was 1.8 fold higher, and the AUC(0-5h) 4 fold greater, than those in the slow absorption group, nonetheless, the steady state concentrations showed no significant difference. These data indicate that the different absorption rates may not affect the overall exposure to tegafur. The patients with low Cp(ss, peak) showed poor efficacy compared to those with high Cp(ss, peak), suggesting that the concentration of tegafur may be one of the pharmacodynamic determinants in patients administered with ECU-E. CONCLUSION: This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of tegafur in gastric patients given the ECU-E regimen, and provides preliminary data on the relationship between the plasma tegafur level and the efficacy, which warrants further evaluation.
Absorption ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cisplatin* ; Epirubicin* ; Fluorouracil ; Humans ; Pharmacokinetics* ; Plasma ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Tegafur* ; Uracil

Tegafur [1-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)-5-fluorouracil], the prodrug of 5-fluorouracil, is an anticancer agent. Several cutaneous reactions have been reported following systemic 5-fluorouracil for the treatment of malignancies. We report a patient with marked inflammation of the actinic keratosis following the use of tegafur for stomach carcinoma. The side-effect with 5-fluorouracil was beneficial as most actinic keratosis cleared following the inflammatory reaction. Dermatologists and oncologists should be aware of this potential side-effect, not only because it may become more prevalent but, most importantly, because it is not an allergic reaction to 5-fluorouracil but a dose-dependent response, and the chemotherapy may be continued in most patients.
Actins* ; Drug Therapy ; Fluorouracil* ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Inflammation ; Keratosis, Actinic* ; Stomach ; Tegafur

The second-generation oral anticancer agent UFT is a combination of uracil, which has fluorouracil's (5-FU) degradation-inhibitory effect, and tegafur, which is slowly converted to 5-FU in vivo, and UFT shows a higher 5-FU concentration in the tumor tissues than is achieved by tegafur alone or with comparable doses of intravenous 5-FU. Mucocutaneous side reactions induced by UFT are rare and these include photosensitivity of the lichenoid and eczematous types, acral erythema, hyperpigmentation, palmoplantar keratoderma and scleroderma-like reactions, and discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE)-like eruption. However, there has been no report in the Korean medical literature on patients presenting with a DLE-like eruption associated with UFT. So, we report here a case of DLE-like eruption induced by oral UFT.
Erythema ; Fluorouracil ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Keratoderma, Palmoplantar ; Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid ; Tegafur ; Uracil

Tegafur is a fluoropyrimidine structurally similar to 5-fluorouracil, used in the treatment of advanced gastrointestinal neoplasms. Mucocutaneous side reactions induced by this agent are rare and include photosensitivity of lichenoid and eczematous types, acral erythema, hyperpigmentation and palmoplantar keratoderma. However, to our knowledge, there has been no report of concurrent development of eruptions of two types in a patient. We describe a female patient with breast cancer, presented with combined features of acral erythema and hyperpigmentation due to oral tegafur.
Breast Neoplasms ; Erythema* ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation* ; Keratoderma, Palmoplantar ; Tegafur*

No abstract available.
Capecitabine ; Colon ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Deoxycytidine ; Fluorouracil ; Humans

INTRODUCTION: XELOX is non-inferior to FOLFOX-4 as a first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer. This study compares the costs associated with XEL0X+/-bevacizumab versus FOLFOX4+/-bevacizumab in a non-reimbursed, out of pocket Philippine health care system.
METHODS: This is a cost-minimization analysis using Philippine General Hospital as base case and a typical Filipino patient of 60 kg with BSA 1.66. The outcome data were derived from the N016966 trial. These included the drugs capecitabine, 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab (BEV); chemotherapy cycles and corresponding hospital admission for each regimen; resources associated with treatment of adverse events such hospital days, ambulatory consultations, concomitant
medication, and central venous line insertion/removal, with costs and charges based on the local setting.
RESULTS: Highest cost (direct and/or indirect) was for FOLFOX4+BEV, followed by XEL0X+BEV, FOLFOX4, and then XELOX. The use of XELOX resulted in a cost saving of PhP 158,642 per patient compared with FOLFOX4. The use of XEL0X+BEV resulted in a cost saving of PhP 186,144 per patient compared with FOLFOX4+BEV.
CONCLUSION: XEL0X+/-BEV is less costly than FOLFOX4-F/-BEV in an out-of-pocket Philippine tertiary hospital setting from the patient's perspective.