OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of pyrethroids on nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathways in male rats and its mechanism.

METHODSDifferent doses of permethrin (PM, 200, 400 mg/kg) and deltamethrin (DM, 6.25, 12.50 mg/kg) in corn oil were administered to rats by gavage once daily for ten days, then the contents of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites, 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in the substantial nigra and striatum were analyzed by HPLC-fluorescence detection.

RESULTSThe contents of DA in striatum in four administered groups were decreased to a certain extent. DA in 6.25 mg/kg DM group [(6.14 +/- 0.57) microg/g wet weight] was lower than that in control group [(9.46 +/- 1.95) microg/g wet weight], P < 0.05. The turnover rate of DA in 200, 400 mg/kg PM and 6.25, 12.5 mg/kg DM groups increased by 133.33%, 166.67%, 166.67%, 266.67% respectively (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), however there was no significant difference in DA and DOPAC in substantial nigra between control and administered groups.

CONCLUSIONDM may inhibit tyrosine hydroxylase and decrease the level of DA in striatum, and both pyrethroid pesticides may increase the metabolism of dopamine in striatum.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid ; metabolism ; Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Corpus Striatum ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Dopamine ; metabolism ; Homovanillic Acid ; metabolism ; Insecticides ; pharmacology ; Male ; Nitriles ; pharmacology ; Permethrin ; pharmacology ; Pyrethrins ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Substantia Nigra ; drug effects ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate effect and mechanisms on dopamine contents of striatum (Str) in the 6-OHDA induced rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD) by ginsenoside Rg1.

METHODOvariectomized PD rats were treated with vehicle, ginsenoside Rg1, (10 mg x kg(-1)) or estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist ICI 182,780 for 14 d. The change of apomorphine-linduced rotational behavior in PD rats were observed. The high performance lipid chromotophotography (HPLC) was used to determine the contents of DA, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA)in striatum.

RESULTRg1 treatment could ameliorate the PD rat's rotational behavior induced by apomorphine (P < 0.01). This effect could be blocked by ER antagonist ICI 182,780. The DA, DOPAC and HVA levels in the injured side of Str for PD rats were significantly decreased compared with the intact side (P < 0.01). Rg1, treatment could increase DA contents in the injured side of Str (P < 0.01). ICI 182,780 could completely block the neuroprotective effects of Rg1. The DA contents and its metabolites in the injured side of the ICI treatment group were significantly decreased compared with the Rg1 group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONGinsenoside Rg1 may have protective effects on the dopaminergic neurons for the 6-OHDA induced OVX rat model of PD, ER. May be involved in the protection action.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; Central Nervous System Agents ; pharmacology ; Corpus Striatum ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dopamine ; metabolism ; Female ; Ginsenosides ; pharmacology ; Homovanillic Acid ; metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ovariectomy ; Parkinson Disease ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

To investigate the effect of Rehmanniae Radix on depression-like behavior and monoamine neurotransmitters of chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS) model rats. CUMS combined with isolated feeding was used to induce the depression model of rats. The depression-like behavior of rats was evaluated by sucrose preference test, open field test, and forced swim test. Hematoxylin-Eosin(HE) staining was used to investigate the pathological changes of neurons in the CA1 and CA3 area of hippocampus. Ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS) was used to detect the contents of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(5-HIAA), dopamine(DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid(DOPAC), homovanillic acid(HVA), norepinephrine(NE), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl glycol(MHPG) in rats. Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of tryptophan hydroxylase 2(TPH2), serotonin transporter(SERT), and monoamine oxidase A(MAO-A) in the hippocampus of rats. Compared with the normal group, depressive-like behavior of rats was obvious in the model group. The arrangements of neurons in the CA1 and CA3 area of hippocampus were loose and disorderly. The levels of 5-HT, 5-HIAA, and 5-HT/5-HIAA in the hippocampal area were decreased(P<0.01). The protein expression of TPH2 was decreased(P<0.01), but those of SERT and MAO-A were increased(P<0.01). In the Rehmanniae Radix groups with 1.8 g·kg~(-1) and 7.2 g·kg~(-1), the depression-like behavior of CUMS rats and pathological changes of neurons in CA1, CA3 area of hippocampus were improved. The protein expression of TPH2(P<0.05, P<0.01) was increased, and those of SERT and MAO-A were down-regulated(P<0.05, P<0.01). The levels of 5-HT, 5-HIAA, and 5-HT/5-HIAA in hippocampus were increased(P<0.05, P<0.01). The changes in DA, DOPAC, HVA, DA/(DOPAC +HVA), NE, DHPG, and NE/DHPG were not statistically significant. The results suggested that Rehmanniae Radix improved depression-like behavior of CUMS rats, and the mechanism might be related to the regulation of synthesis, transportation, and metabolism of 5-HT neurotransmitter in the hippocampus.
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid/pharmacology* ; Animals ; Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use* ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Depression/drug therapy* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dopamine ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS)/pharmacology* ; Hematoxylin/pharmacology* ; Hippocampus/metabolism* ; Homovanillic Acid/pharmacology* ; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid/metabolism* ; Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol/pharmacology* ; Monoamine Oxidase/metabolism* ; Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism* ; Norepinephrine/pharmacology* ; Plant Extracts ; Rats ; Rehmannia/chemistry* ; Serotonin/metabolism* ; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/pharmacology* ; Stress, Psychological/metabolism* ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Tryptophan Hydroxylase/metabolism*

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Shourong compound formula on treating Parkinson's disease.

METHODParkinson's disease model mice induced by reserpine was used and by HPLC-ED the levels of Dopamine (DA) and its metabolites were determined.

RESULTMadopar could increase the levels of DA in brain of PD mice. The effect of madopar together with Sourong compound formula was better than that of madopar(P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONShourong compound formula together with madopar has synergic effect on increase of DA level in brain and can reduce clinic dose of madopar so that side effect of madopar can be decreased.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid ; metabolism ; Animals ; Benserazide ; pharmacology ; Brain ; metabolism ; Dopamine ; metabolism ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Synergism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Homovanillic Acid ; metabolism ; Levodopa ; pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Parkinson Disease, Secondary ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Reserpine

The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect of N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-(2, 5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)acrylamide (FLZ), a novel synthetic squamosamide cyclic derivative, against Parkinson's disease (PD) model mice induced by the inflammatory bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and the neurotoxin 1-methy-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). C57/BL mice were ip injected LPS (5 mg x kg(-1)) once. One week following the LPS injection, mice received a subcutaneous injection of MPTP (25 mg x kg(-1)) once daily for 2 days. Eight weeks later, FLZ (25, 50 and 75 mg x kg(-1)) was orally administered to mice once daily for 60 days. The motor ability of the mice was evaluated by rod climbing test and footprint test. The dopamine (DA) levels in mouse striatum were determined by high performance liquid chromatography system. The tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cells were showed by immunohistochemical analysis. FLZ treatment significantly improved motor dysfunction of mice challenged by LPS plus MPTP. The increase of TH-positive cell numbers and elevation of DA levels may be contributed to the beneficial effects of FLZ on motor behavior. This study showed FLZ has significant therapeutic effect on LPS plus MPTP induced chronic PD model, which indicates its potential as a new candidate drug to treat PD.
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine ; 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid ; metabolism ; Acrylamides ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Caffeic Acids ; pharmacology ; Corpus Striatum ; metabolism ; Dopamine ; metabolism ; Homovanillic Acid ; metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Motor Activity ; drug effects ; Neurons ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Parkinson Disease, Secondary ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Random Allocation ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the behavioral changes and the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in the anterior cortex in the olfactory bulb damage rats after being treated with Guanyu capsules (GYC).

METHODOpen-field test and step-down passive avoidance test were used to observe the behavior in model rats. HPLC-ECD was used to analyze the influences of GYC on the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters.

RESULTIn the model rats, there was a characteristic hyperactivity in the Open-field and learning deficits in step-down passive avoidance (P < 0.01). The contents of 5-HT reduced, and the rate of DOPAC/DA increased significantly (P < 0.01). GYC 1.2, 0.6 g x kg(-1) could correct behavioral changes increase the contents of 5-HT, and decrease DOPAC/DA level (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONGYC can correct behavioral changes in rats model of olfactory bulb damage, and regulating 5-HT and DA metabolism in cortex is one of the antidepressive mechanisms of GYC.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid ; metabolism ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; Biogenic Monoamines ; metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex ; metabolism ; Curcuma ; chemistry ; Depression ; etiology ; metabolism ; Dopamine ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Dryopteris ; chemistry ; Male ; Olfactory Bulb ; pathology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Serotonin ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of Tianzhi Keli (TZ) on acetylcholine (ACh) and catecholamine levels in striatum of rats with neuromitochondrial impairment, and try to find out the neuroprotective mechanism of TZ.

METHODThe microdialysis and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-post column Immobilized enzyme reactor (IMER)-electrochemical detection (ED) were used to establish a model of mitochondrial energy metabolism impairment which induced by perfusion with sodium azide (NaN3), and measure continuously the effects of TZ on extracellular ACh, choline (Ch) and catecholamine of model rats.

RESULTAfter perfusion with NaN3, ACh, noradrenalin (NE), adrenaline (E), dopamine (DA), 3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl-aletic (DOPAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) levels were decreased obviously (P < 0.05-0.01), while Ch level was increased distinctly (P < 0.01). Transmitters levels were recovered individually after stop the perfusion with NaN3. TZ can postpone the decrease of ACh and advance the recover of Ch. The effect of TZ coupled with duxil on increasing ACh level is more obviously than effect of TZ or duxil. TZ is also showing a tendency to postpone the decrease of catecholamine and advance its recovery. TZ coupled with duxil can advance the recovery of DOPAC and adjust the metabolic abnormity positively.

CONCLUSIONTZ has effect on protecting impairment of choline neurosystem, which induced by damage of mitochondrion and abnormity of energy metabolism; coupled with duxil have synergistic action. TZ also has tendency to protect the impairment of epinephrine and dopamine neurosystem.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid ; metabolism ; Acetylcholine ; metabolism ; Animals ; Catecholamines ; metabolism ; Corpus Striatum ; metabolism ; Dopamine ; metabolism ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Extracellular Space ; metabolism ; Gastrodia ; chemistry ; Male ; Microdialysis ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Norepinephrine ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium Azide ; Uncaria ; chemistry