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End-tidal carbon dioxide tension or concentration monitoring is characterized with noninvasive,convenient and fast reaction,which Can be continuously monitored and dynamically displayed On electrocardiogram monitor.The technique has been extensively applied in the operation room,intensive care unit and emergency room.

Objective To explore the significances of the endoscopic diagnosis for chronic atrophic and histological assessment gastritis (CAG). Method Five hundred patients with CAG were determined by gastroscopy and the samples of gastric mucosa were examined by the pathology. Results Among 500 cases of CAG by gastroscopy, 429 cases were similar with the pathologic results and the coincidence rate of diagnosis with endoscopy and pathology was 85.8%(429/500), 370 cases had a change of atrophic gastritis in cirumjacent mucosa. Conclusion The coincidence rate of diagnosis under endoscopy and pathology is quite good in CAG.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most commonly seen malignant neoplasms in digestive tract.Most patients with colorectal cancer died of metastasis.The details of the metastasis-associated mechanisms are not elucidated completely.Recently,many genes that are involved in this course were detected.In this paper,the latest advances in those metastasis-associated genes and coding genes including C-myc,Ras,Her-2 ,p53,deleted in colorectal cancer gene (DDC),phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN),nm23 and other code genes,such as CD44,matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and mucins will be reviewed.

Objective To determine 1 hour plasma glucose cutoff value during OGTT to screen diabetes and IGR and its relationship with islet β cell function and insulin sensitivity. Methods 4731 subjects were recruited to perform an OGTT.The cutoff value of 1h-plasma glucose during OGTT was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve).And according to the two cutoff values,we classified all the subjects to three groups,and compared HOMA-IR,HOMA-β,insulinogenic index and shape index among groups,then analyzed its correlation with each parameter. Results According to ROC results, to diagnose type 2 diabetes mellitus,the optimal cutoff value of 1h plasma glucose during OGTT was 12.935mmol/L,with sensitivity of 81.52%,specificity of 86.94%. To diagnose impaired glucose regulation(IGR),the optimal cutoff value of 1h plasma glucose was 9.815mmol/L,with sensitivity of 74.96% and specificity of 77.86%. We classified all the subjects to three groups, and among the three groups the insulinogenic index, shape index, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β showed statistically significant difference (all P＜0.01). There was a negative correlation of OGTT-1hPG with insulinogenic index and HOMA-β(all P＜0.01) and a positive correlation of OGTT-1h PG with shape index and HOMA-IR (all P＜0.01). Conclusions To diagnose type 2 diabetes mellitus,the optimal cutoff value of 1h plasma glucose during OGTT is 12.935mmol/L.To diagnose impaired glucose regulation(IGR),the optimal cutoff value of 1h plasma glucose is 9.815mmol/L.And 1h PG can reflect the islet β-cell function and insulin resistance.

Objective To explore the lesion distribution pattern of poststroke pathological laughing or crying (PSPLC) by using MRI,and to discuss its pathogenesis. Methods All 24 cases selected from stroke patients who were treated in the department of neurology from May 2012 to December 2015 and had complete follow?up information after their discharge through 6 months were screened for pathological laughing and crying( PLC) . MRI characteristics of cases were analyzed retrospectively to identify lesion distribution. 28 cases with acute isolated pontine infarction who did not demonstrate PLC were enrolled as a comparison group. Lesion pattern difference between 14 cases of the pontine infarction with PLC and 28 cases of acute i?solated pontine infarction without PLC was compared. Results In these 24 cases,the highest occurrence rate of PLC was 41.67% in the second month. 15 cases had forced crying (62.5%),3 cases had forced laughing (12.5%),6 cases had pathological laughing or crying (25%). MRI studies showed lesion location in the left side were 3 cases,in the right side were 1 case,in the bilateral brain were 20 cases,in the basal ganglia were 9 cases,in the thalamus were 8 cases,in the corona radiata were 6 cases,in the semioval center were 5 cases, in the cerebral cortex were 4 cases,in the cerebellum were 4 cases and in the brain stem were 14 cases. In the cases of PLC with brain stem lesion,only 1 case was isolated pontine infarction,the other patients all combined with lesions of other parts. Compared with the pontine infarction with PLC,the isolated pontine in?farction without PLC was more likely to suffer with unilateral brain lesions(71%vs 50%),but there was no significant difference (χ2=0.844, P=0.358) . Conclusion PSFLC is not a rare complication after stroke, which is associated with multiple site of brain involvement especially pontine infarction.

BACKGROUND: Kinesio taping combined with manual lymphatic drainage for lower limb swelling and pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has not been reported. The existing studies mainly concentrate on the instant effect of kinesio taping, and there is a lack of clinical research on its long-term effectiveness.OBJECTIVE: To observe the curative efficacy of kinesio taping combined with manual lymphatic drainage for lower limb swelling and pain after TKA.METHODS: Sixty patients with lower limb swelling following TKA were randomly divided into control and experimental groups (n=30 per group), followed by treated with kinesio taping, and kinesio taping combined with manual lymphatic drainage, respectively. The swelling degree, visual analogue scale scores and curative efficacy at baseline and 10 days after treatment were compared between two groups.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The swelling degree and visual analogue scale scores were significantly decreased in the two groups after treatment (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, all indicators were significantly improved in the experimental group (P < 0.05). (2) The total effective rate was 80% in the control group and 100% in the experimental group, and the obvious effective rate was 37% in the control group and 63% in the experimental group,both showing significant differences (P < 0.05). (3) These results suggest that the combination of kinesio taping and manual lymphatic drainage can markedly alleviate the low limb swelling and pain after TKA compared with single kinesio taping.