Adolescent ; Bilirubin ; metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Duodenogastric Reflux ; metabolism ; Esophageal pH Monitoring ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Stomach ; physiopathology

Escherichia coli ; genetics ; pathogenicity ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Virulence ; genetics

Acinetobacter baumannii ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; genetics ; Humans ; Phylogeny

OBJECTIVEIn order to study the epidemiology of TEM-1 genes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng) in Wuxi area.

METHODSIn the light from foreign literature that positive Ng strains of beta-lactamase contain plasmid sequences of TEM-1 genes, heminested PCR for TME-1 genes of Ng detection was self-designed. Ng of 195 strains were detected, that were isolated in Wuxi area from Jan to the Oct, 2002.

RESULTSThere were 138 TEM-1 genes positive in 195 isolated strains with a positive rate of 70.8%. There was one case of heminested PCR product of TEM-1 genes which showed the homogeneity was 99% in Wuxi area, when comparing with pFA7 sequences of positive Ng plasmid of beta-lactase from register GenBank.

CONCLUSIONData showed that the Ng strains with TEM-1 genes were the prevalent ones in Wuxi area.

China ; epidemiology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; genetics ; Gonorrhea ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Humans ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae ; enzymology ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; beta-Lactamases ; genetics

Objective To investigate the 16S rRNA methylase genes and Aminoglycoside modifying enzymes(AMEs)genes in Enterobacter cloacae isolated from the People's Liberation Army 98th Hospital,Huzhou district,Zhejiang province,China.Methods 40 strains of Enterobacter cloacae were isolated from the inpatients between September,2003 and November,2004.5 kinds of 16S rRNA methylase gene (including armA,rmtA,rmtB,rmtC and rmtD)and 9 kinds of AMEs gene[including aac(3)-Ⅰ,aac(3)-Ⅱ,aac(3)-Ⅲ,aac(3)-Ⅳ,aac(6')-Ⅰ b,aac(6')-Ⅱ,ant(3'')-Ⅰ,ant(2'')-Ⅰ and aph(3')-Ⅵ]were analyzed by PCR and verificated by DNA sequencing.Results In 40 strains of Enterobacter cloacae,the positive rates of genes of rmtB,aac(3)-Ⅱ,aac(6')-Ⅰ b,ant(3'')-Ⅰ,ant(2'')-Ⅰ and aph(3')-Ⅵ were 12.5%(5/40),27.5%(11/40),72.5%(29/40),32.5%(13/40),5.0%(2/40)and 5.0%(2/40),respectively.8 kinds of the rest of genes were all tested negative.The total positive rate of AMEs gene was 85.0%(34/40).Among 29 strains of Enterobacter cloacae that the aac(6')-Ⅰ b gene was positive,through PCR and verification by DNA sequencing,7 strains(24.1%)were confirmed to take the aac(6')-Ⅰ b-cr(the GenBank register number:EF375620,EU159121)alone,18 strains(62.1%)were confirmed to take the aac(6')-Ⅰ b-Suzhou(EU085533)alone,3 strains(10.3%)were confirmed to take both aac (6')-Ⅰ b-Suzhou and aac(6')-Ⅰ b-cr while only 1(3.4%)was aac(6')-Ⅰ b(the classical type).Conclusion There was lower positive rate of 16S rRNA methylase gene but very high AMEs genotypes in Enterobacter cloacae isolated from inpatients and the finding of rmtB gene was reported for the first time in the world.At least 5 kinds of AMEs gene existed in Enterobacter cloacae were isolated and they were the new host of both gene of aac(6')-Ⅰ b-cr and aac(6')-Ⅰ b-Suzhou,with aac(6')-Ⅰ b-Suzhou gene was the predominance subtype in aac(6')-Ⅰ b.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the genotype of blaADC which was a kind of AmpC produced by Acinetobacter baumannii (AB), isolated through the detection of 28 similar strains among children.

METHODS28 strains of AB were collected and isolated from the Pediatrics clinic during 2006, and were identified through bacteria and susceptibility test using Vitex-32 automicroscan GNI and GNS cards. The genotype of blaADC was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and them sequenced.

RESULTS3 of the 28 strains of AB showed multi-drugs resistance, with a positive rate of 10.71%. blaADC was discovered in 17 of the 28 strains and the positive rate was 60.71%. All the 28 strains of AB were resistant to Cefoxitin. blaADC positive strains were all sensitive to Ampicil/Sulbactam, and only one of them was resistant to Piperacillin/Tazobactan. There were no blaADC genes discovered in the strains that were resistant to Ampicil/Sulbactam or Piperacillin/Tazobactan. There were changes of amino acids on the site 4, 242, 342 and 376 in the sequence of blaADC of No.2 strain, comparing to gi /7258342/ emb /CAB77444. 1/ in GenBank.

CONCLUSIONAbove 60% of the AB isolated in children were carrying blaADC while a strain was collected from them at random. When they were undertaken nucleotide sequence analysis, significant difference was found from the others that landed in GenBank, which identified itself as new subtype.

Acinetobacter Infections ; microbiology ; Acinetobacter baumannii ; classification ; drug effects ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Bacterial Typing Techniques ; Child ; DNA, Bacterial ; genetics ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; beta-Lactamases ; genetics

Klebsiella pneumoniae ; enzymology ; isolation & purification ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; beta-Lactamases ; classification

Objective To study the molecular mechanisms of ampicillin- resistant haemophilius influenzae (Hi)in Nanjing. Methods One hundred and fifty- eight strains of Hi isolated from children were collected to detect bata-lactamase. TEM and ROB bata- lacta-mase genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ,and cloned into T vector for sequencing. Results The rate of ampicillin resistance was 41. 77% in Hi isolated from children in Nanjing,40.51 % was found to be bata-lactamase production. Eighty-nine strain were TEM positives, 1 strain was ROB positive,63 strains bata - lactamase positive ampicillin- resistant Hi were identified. The resistance mechanism of ampicillin resistant Hi was production of bata - lactamase , mainly TEM - type enzyme. Two bata - lactamase negative ampicillin - resistant Hi were identified , predicts the other mechanisms of ampicillin - resistant Hi was occuered yet . One strain of non -TEM - type,and non - ROB - type bata - lactamase - producing Hi was identified. Conclusions Ampicillin - resisitant in Hi isolated from children in this region is challenging. TEM bata - lactamase is the principal mechanism of ampicillin - resistant of Hi.

Escherichia coli ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Escherichia coli Infections ; urine ; Humans ; Urinary Tract Infections ; microbiology ; urine ; Urine ; microbiology

OBJECTIVETo study the phenotypic and genotypic resistance to Fluoroquinolones in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) isolated in Jiangsu province of China.

METHODSIn-vitro, susceptibility testing of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin against ninety-five clinical isolates were determined by agar dilution method. Detection of mutation in the gyrA and parC genes was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and sequence analysis.

RESULTSThe clinical isolates demonstrated 100% resistance to ciprofloxacin. Based on gyrA and parC mutations, 18 types could be categorized among the 54 isolates. Based on the same gyrA mutations,isolates with high MIC appeared to have had more mutations in parC gene.

CONCLUSIONThe status of resistance to ciprofloxacin in NG was quite serious, and ciprofloxacin treatment for the treatment of NG infections in Jiangsu province should not be recommended. The results from this study suggested that mutations in the parC gene had contributed to the development of high Fluoroquinolone resistance in NG.

China ; DNA Gyrase ; genetics ; DNA Topoisomerase IV ; genetics ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Fluoroquinolones ; pharmacology ; Genotype ; Gonorrhea ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae ; drug effects ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Phenotype