Abstract：Objective To optimize the production process of inactivated vaccine of Aeromonas veronii（AV）CA07 strain. Methods The fermentation culture process of AV CA07 strain liquid was determined through the optimization of the culture time（2～16 h），medium（optimized fermentation medium，LB medium and NB medium）and fermentation conditions（in⁃ oculation amount of 1%，5%，10% and 15%；ventilation rate of 2，4，6 and 8 L／min and fermentation time of 6，8，10 and 12 h）. The optimal inactivation process was determined through the comparison of the final concentration of formalde⁃ hyde solution（0. 10%，0. 20%，0. 30% and 0. 40%），inactivation temperature（28 and 37 ℃）and inactivation time（24， 48 and 72 h）. The large⁃scale production process of inactivated vaccine of AV CA07 strain in 500 L fermentor was estab⁃ lished and the prepared vaccines were tested for safety and immunogenicity. Results The optimal inoculation amount of AV CA07 strain was 5%，ventilation rate was 4 L／min and culture time was 10 ~ 12 h. The optimal inactivation condition was adding formaldehyde solution with final concentration of 0. 30% incubating at 37 ℃ for 24 h. The number of viable bacteria in the fermentation broth of AV CA07 strain prepared in 500 L fermentor was more than 8 × 109 CFU／mL. All crucian carps immunized with the inactivated vaccine by abdomen survived. After challenge，the relative immune protection rate was more than 90%. Conclusion AV CA07 strain inactivated vaccine prepared by optimized production process showed good safety and immunogenicity.

This study aims to evaluate the methodological and reporting quality of diagnosis and treatment guidelines for hyperuricemia as well as the expert consensuses and promote the understanding and application of the diagnosis and treatment guidelines for hyperuricemia. With "hyperuricemia" "guidelines" "consensus" "recommendations" as the key words in titles, the authors searched for the published clinical guidelines on hyperuricemia in Chinese against CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Medlive and the official website of the industry association. The retrieval time limit was until May 31, 2021. The appraisal of guidelines for research and evaluation Ⅱ(AGREEⅡ) and the reporting items for practice guidelines in health care(RIGHT) were employed to evaluate the methodological quality and reporting quality of 14 guidelines/consensuses included. The average scores of the guidelines/consensuses were 80.85%(48.61%-98.61%) for the domain of scope and purpose, 34.52%(0-69.44%) for the domain of stakeholder involvement, 35.53%(6.25%-92.19%) for the domain of rigor of development, 55.85%(23.61%-86.11%) for the domain of clarity of presentation, 26.19%(0-76.04%) for the domain of applicability, and 21.42%(0-50.00%) for the domain of editorial independence. Nine guidelines/consensuses were of medium overall quality with grade B recommendation, and five guidelines/consensuses were of poor quality with grade C recommendation. The RIGHT classified the fourteen guidelines/consensuses into one of high reporting quality, three of medium reporting quality, and ten of low reporting quality. The results of this study indicate that the standardization and rigor of the methodological quality and the reporting quality of the clinical guidelines/consensuses for hyperuricemia in China remain to be strengthened.
China ; Consensus ; Humans ; Hyperuricemia/drug therapy* ; Publications ; Reference Standards

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of host immune system in the pathogenesis of encephalitis induced by Angiostrongylus cantonesis （A.C.） infection. MethodsThe definitive hosts of A.C. are rats and the intermediate hosts are mice. SD rats and BALB/c mice infected with A.C. were used to observe the changes of central immune organ thymus and peripheral immune organ spleen after 21 days of infection. Flow cytometry was used to detect the changes of cell subtypes in the thymus and spleen of rats and mice . ResultsAfter 21 days of infection with A.C. in rats， there was no obvious change in the appearance of spleen and thymus gland， and no obvious change in the thymus cell total count and in the proportion and number of thymocyte subtype cell （CD4⁺T， CD8⁺T， CD4⁺ CD8⁺T and CD4^- CD8^-T cells） between control groups and infected groups were found（P>0.05）； The proportion and number of CD4⁺T cells in spleen was increased（P=0.016；P=0.023）， while the change of CD8⁺T cells was not obvious（P>0.05）. After 21 days of infection， the spleen and thymus of mice were severely atrophied， the total number of thymus cell was decreased sharply（P<0.000 1）；The proportion and number of CD4⁺CD8⁺T cells were decreased obviously（P<0.000 1；P<0.000 1）； Infection resulted in a decrease in the total number of mononuclear cells in the spleen of mice（P<0.000 1）；The number of CD4⁺T cells and CD8⁺T cells in spleen was increased（P<0.000 1； P=0.003 8）. ConclusionsA.C. infection severely suppressed the immune system of mice， but had little effect on rats. A.C. infection induced immunosuppression in the host， in turn reduced the ability of the host to clear and resist parasites， which may be an important mechanism of immune escape of parasites. This study revealed that the immune system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of encephalitis caused by A.C. infection， which provides a new idea for the prevention and treatment of encephalitis caused by A.C. infection.

Objective:To study the mechanism of Taoren Chengqitang in regulating intestinal myoelectric activity and microenvironment homeostasis in intestinal sepsis rats based on high mobility group protein 1(HMGB1)/Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor -κB(NF-κB) pathway. Method:The 60 SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, glycyrrhizic acid (HMGB1 inhibitor, 0.03 g·kg^-1) group, Taoren Chengqitang group (10 g·kg^-1), glycyrrhizic acid+Taoren Chengqitang group (0.03 g·kg^-1+10 g·kg^-1), with 12 rats in each group. Except the sham operation group, the other groups established intestinal sepsis rat models, each group was treated with medicine, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to detect the histopathological changes of small intestinal mucosa in rats of each group, the changes of mucosal thickness and villus height were compared, the levels of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), diamine oxidase (DAO) and D-lactic acid in intestinal mucosa of rats were detected by kit, the intestinal myoelectrical activity of rats in each group was measured, the slow wave frequency and amplitude of small intestinal smooth muscle were compared, the intestinal flora of rats in each group was detected, the contents of E. coli, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were compared, and the expressions of HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway proteins HMGB1, TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB p65 in small intestinal tissues were detected by Western blot. Result:Compared with sham operated group, the villus height, mucosal thickness, sIgA content, slow wave frequency and amplitude of smooth muscle, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus contents in intestinal mucosa of model group rats were significantly decreased, and serum DAO and D-lactic acid levels, intestinal E. coli content, intestinal tissue HMGB1, TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB p65 proteins were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the villus height, mucosal thickness, sIgA content, slow wave frequency and amplitude of smooth muscle, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus contents in intestinal mucosa of the Taoren Chengqitang group, glycyrrhizic acid group, and glycyrrhizic acid + Taoren Chengqitang group were significantly increased, and serum DAO and D-lactic acid levels, intestinal E. coli content, intestinal tissue HMGB1, TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB p65 proteins were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the Taoren Chengqitang group and the glycyrrhizic acid group, the villus height, mucosal thickness, sIgA content, slow wave frequency and amplitude of smooth muscle, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus contents in intestinal mucosa of glycyrrhizic acid+Taoren Chengqitang group were significantly increased, and serum DAO and D-lactic acid levels, intestinal E. coli content, intestinal tissue HMGB1, TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB p65 proteins were significantly decreased, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions:Taoren Chengqitang can alleviate intestinal mucosal injury, regulate intestinal myoelectrical activity and microenvironment homeostasis, restore intestinal function and maintain flora balance in intestinal sepsis rats, which may be achieved by down-regulating HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway.